The Church Fathers on this verse

1 Corinthians 6:17Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

But he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit.

Douay-Rheims

ο δε κολλωμενος τω κυριω εν πνευμα εστιν

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

10 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Next he shows how this truly happens with the fornicator: "Or do you not know," he says, "that he who is joined to a harlot becomes one body with her?" (1 Cor 6:16).

How is this known? "For," he says, "the two shall become one flesh." "But he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit" (1 Cor 6:17).

Having been joined to each other, two can no longer be two, but both become one. See how again he conducts the rebuke by the very names, using the words harlot and Christ.

"Flee fornication." He did not say, abstain from adultery, but flee, that is, strive diligently to keep far from this vice.

"Every sin that a man commits is outside the body, but the fornicator sins against his own body" (1 Cor 6:18).

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This is less important than what was said above. Yet, when speaking about fornicators, he rebukes their sin from every side and shows the gravity of their guilt by both great and small things.

The first is said for the more reverent, and the latter for the weaker.

Paul's wisdom is revealed precisely in this: he admonishes by presenting not only what is great, but also what is small, shameful, and indecent.

But you will say, does not the murderer, the covetous man, and the robber defile his hand? Everyone knows this.

But since it was not possible to say that there is no one worse than the fornicator, he portrays the gravity of this sin in another way.

He explains that by fornication the whole body becomes unclean. It is defiled as though it had fallen into a filthy vessel filled with impurity.

For this reason we have such a custom: after acts of covetousness and robbery, no one takes care to wash, but returns straight home.

After adultery, however, people go to wash, as though they had become wholly unclean. Thus conscience is especially ashamed of this sin.

Both sins are grave, covetousness and adultery, and both cast into Gehenna. Yet, acting with complete foresight, Paul shows the gravity of adultery by every means he could.

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

See how, by the very names of the harlot and Christ, he continues and intensifies the accusation. He says that the one joined to the Lord becomes nothing other than spirit, since he does nothing fleshly. That is, he becomes spiritual. For union with the Lord grants him the sanctification of the Spirit. In these words he also showed how the faithful become members of Christ.

Ambrosiaster

4th centuryChurch Father

In virtuous people, the Spirit of God is common to God and man.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

"Or do you not know that he who is joined to a harlot is one body? For He says, The two shall become one flesh" (Gen 2:24). "But he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with the Lord."

The Apostle did not without reason apply to fornication what was said of marital union. In the substance of the act, the two are one and the same. The difference is shown by the lawfulness or unlawfulness of the act.

Therefore he says that the one joined to a harlot makes his members "members of a harlot." But the one united in spirit with the Lord makes his members "members of Christ."

Therefore, if you have been united with the Lord and again go to a harlot, the insult extends to the Master Himself. You give His members to a harlot and make the Master's members "members of a harlot."

Macarius the Egyptian

4th centuryChurch Father

The soul is a great and wondrous work. When God created it, He made it such that vice was not placed in its nature. On the contrary, He created it according to the image of the virtue of the Spirit.

He placed in it the laws of the virtues: discernment, knowledge, prudence, faith, love, and the other virtues, according to the image of the Spirit.

He placed in it understanding, will, and a ruling mind. He enthroned in it another great subtlety and made it easily moved, light-winged, and tireless.

He granted it to come and go in an instant and to serve Him in thought whenever the Spirit wills.

In a word, He created it so that it might become His bride and companion. He created it so that He might be in union with it, and it with Him in one spirit.

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As it is said: "He who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with the Lord" (1 Cor 6:17).

As a man carefully gathers every good thing into his house, so the Lord gathers and places the heavenly treasure of the Spirit in His house, the soul and the body.

Nicephoros (Theotokis)

18th centuryChurch Father

"But he who is joined," he says, "to the Lord is one spirit with the Lord." This means that the one united to Christ by faith and virtue becomes wholly spiritual. He has no fleshly mind, but his mind, heart, and will are spiritual. Whoever is joined to a harlot becomes one body with her. Whoever is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with Him. From this it clearly follows that whoever is joined to a harlot makes the members of Christ members of a harlot. Having taught this, he gives the commandment that we flee fornication, saying:

Ignatij (Briantchaninow)

19th centuryChurch Father

The Apostle Paul said: "He who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with the Lord" (1 Cor 6:17). These words were fulfilled in all their fullness in the Theotokos. They were fulfilled in her more preeminently and more abundantly than in all the holy male and female virgins from among chosen humanity. The Virgin Theotokos, before giving birth to the God-man, was a Virgin. In the very birth she remained a Virgin. After the birth she abode a Virgin. She did not know attraction to a man, because wholly and completely she was drawn to God and united with God.

Michail Cheraskov

19th centuryChurch Father

In fornication there is a shameful union with a harlot, in violation of union with the Lord. "Or do you not know that he who is joined to a harlot becomes one body with her," according to the law of the original institution of marriage? "For it is said, 'The two shall become one flesh'" (Gen 2:24). "But he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit with the Lord." Blessed Theodoret writes that the Apostle did not without reason apply to fornication what was said about marital union. In the substance of the body both are one and the same. The difference lies in the lawfulness or unlawfulness of the act.

Nikanor (Kamenski)

19th centuryChurch Father

Against fornication, as a sin especially widespread in Corinth, the Apostle speaks at great length. He speaks against it partly in the following chapter also, when giving rules concerning married and virginal life.

Here, first of all, he sets forth the highest motives for withdrawing from sins of this kind. These are the union of Christians with God, their coming resurrection to eternal life, and the indwelling of the Spirit of God in them as in a temple.

Then he adds other motives: the impropriety and shamefulness of communion with a fornicator, and the destructiveness of violating chastity and defiling the body.

The consequence of this defilement is that the Holy Spirit abandons the body, and the spirit of darkness and malice takes up its dwelling there.

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The bodily and spiritual union of Christians with the Lord is founded partly on our creation by the Lord the Creator. It is also founded partly on the Incarnation of the God-man Christ.

He became the Head of the whole body of His Church, in relation to which we are different members.

Our union with Christ concerns our body also, yet the binding power is rooted chiefly in the spirit, which governs the whole being of the Christian.

Whoever is united to Christ in spirit naturally becomes not only one body, but also one spirit with the Lord.

It is clear that such a person can no longer give himself decisively to anyone except the Lord.

The intimate relation into which adulterers enter is revealed from this alone: they enter a union similar to marriage, of which it was said in ancient times that the two become one flesh.

How the whole body is defiled through fornication is revealed by the great perversion of nature that takes place here.

This perversion is very often accompanied by the most destructive consequences for the body and soul of sinners of this kind.

Both the Apostle himself and his interpreters dwell especially on the highest motives for bodily abstinence.

For example, Saint John Chrysostom says: “The body was not created so that you might live without restraint and commit fornication, just as the belly was not made so that you might give yourself to gluttony.

It was created so that it might serve Christ as Head, and that He might be Lord for the body.

Let us then be ashamed and afraid. We have been deemed worthy of such honor and have become His members, yet we dishonor ourselves with vices.

If our body is a member of Christ, and Christ is risen, then the body without doubt will follow its Head.”

To this His Grace Theophan adds: “By awakening thought of the brightness of the risen Lord's body, the Apostle makes us imagine in what brightness our body will rise.

In this he prepares the strongest inducement to flee fornication, which darkens both soul and body.

The vision of the brightness of the future body served for all ascetics as a powerful motive to refine the body as much as possible, and especially not to allow lustful excitements.

When any of them, by the grace of God, was deemed worthy that lust within him was extinguished and died away, people said of him that before the general resurrection he had tasted its power.

Some of them, when grace-filled movements awakened during prayer, sometimes became wholly luminous. In others, the hands raised to heaven became luminous.

All these are tangible signs that they had tasted the power of the future resurrection.

The Christian body is pure, holy, and akin to the body of Christ, since it is in mystical union with it.

The passion of fornication makes the body dark and shameful. When fornication is committed, the darkness becomes impenetrable and the stench unapproachable.

Fleshly people do not see or perceive this. Spiritual people and the angels see and perceive it.

Fornication completely tears one away from the Lord, for what is dark and foul-smelling can no longer be one with the Lord.”

From this it is clear why the Apostle says, “Flee fornication.” That is, withdraw from this vice swiftly and irreversibly, as from the lowest and most shameful of all.

Theophan the Recluse

19th centuryChurch Father

They are joined to the Lord by faith, by the mysteries, and by the dedication of their whole life to Him. Whoever is such naturally becomes one spirit with the Lord.

What does "he is one spirit with the Lord" mean? It is the same as when people say that certain persons live soul to soul.

The one joined to the Lord abides in the Lord, and the Lord abides in him. Therefore he breathes only the Lord and strives in every way to enter into the Lord's intentions, aims, and plans.

He does this so as to allow nothing that is not of the Lord.

Oecumenius writes: "Such a one, though clothed with a body, becomes spirit by doing nothing fleshly. Or he is such because, being united with Christ through the Holy Spirit, he is joined to Him by spiritual works."

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He also cites the words of Photius: "He is of one form, and becomes wholly spiritual through union with the Lord.

He is not carried away by fleshly passions. He is not divided within himself into duality, serving God and mammon. Rather, he is wholly single and wholly spiritual, raised up into unity of spirit."

Why does the Apostle speak of this? So that the contrast between two actors may be more striking.

One remains one spirit with the Lord. The other is united with a harlot and through her becomes a friend of Satan.

He speaks as though saying: behold the fruits of that, and behold what this one receives. Look, compare, and choose.

That there it is one body with a harlot, and here one spirit with the Lord, should not trouble the thought. There the body is not without the soul, and here the spirit is not without the body.

The Apostle sets forth only the parts of our nature that are chiefly active there and here. His aim is to indicate the consequences, in order to draw one away from fornication and inspire one to remain one with the Lord.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 8 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. ὁ
    ho
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  2. δὲ
    de
    but
    G1161 · δέ
  3. κολλώμενος
    kollōmenos
    I glue
    G2853 · κολλάω
  4. τῷ
    tō
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  5. Κυρίῳ
    kyriō
    lord
    G2962 · κύριος
  6. ἓν
    hen
    one
    G1520 · εἷς
  7. πνεῦμά
    pneuma
    wind
    G4151 · πνεῦμα
  8. ἐστιν
    estin
    I am
    G1510 · εἰμί