Exodus 17:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The text appears somewhat repetitive, noting that the people were thirsty for water after it has already been stated that they were in need of drink. What prompts the specific mention of water? However, this is indeed what the earlier translation conveys. This specific emphasis highlights that the people's desire was for water, while they ought to have been seeking after righteousness. As it is written, Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness (Matt. 5:6), and likewise, My soul thirsteth for the living God (Ps. 41:3). There are many who experience thirst: the righteous thirst, and so do sinners; the former long for righteousness, while the latter crave indulgence. The righteous yearn for God, whereas sinners pursue wealth. Thus, it can be said that the people are thirsting for water when they should truly be thirsting for righteousness.

It is astonishing to observe how the Israelites, during their trial, entirely overlook the blessings of the Lord and constantly criticize Moses for the most significant of those blessings—their liberation from slavery in Egypt. It is hard to believe that there was absolutely no water available in the entire encampment; rather, it seems more plausible that there was either not enough water, it was of poor quality, or it was altogether insufficient for the needs of their livestock.