THEOSISBeda Venerabilis
The correspondence from Phaphnaeus to Darius stands in stark contrast to that of Rehum and Shimshai, which was laden with accusations directed at the inhabitants of Jerusalem. In sharp opposition, Phaphnaeus's letter shines with commendation, not only for the people but also for the Sovereign Lord. It begins with the greeting: To Darius the king, all peace! The letter states that they traveled to Judah, to the house of the Almighty, which is built with large stones and reinforced with wood; this undertaking is progressing swiftly and prosperously. Subsequently, they inquired of the elders, asking, "Who granted you authority to erect this house and to complete these walls?" (1 Ezra 5:7-9).
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In this passage, we discern the significance of the phrase indicating that the house of the Lord was constructed from substantial stones, even though it is evident that such a magnificent endeavor could only be achieved with shaped stones. The reference to unhewn stones suggests newly gathered stones that have been shaped and rendered suitable for the construction of God's dwelling. Even if some ancient stones remained scattered, as highlighted by Jeremiah in Lamentations, the necessity for newly worked stones to finish the temple is apparent.
This observation also reflects on the nature of the Church of God, which comprises not only those who, through repentance, regain their moral compass and return to a life of righteousness—having previously strayed through sin—but also those who are newly called to faith. They are guided by teachers, akin to builders using a measuring rod, and properly positioned within the framework of the Lord's house. The temple’s construction, utilizing both old and new stones, serves to illustrate the unity of Christ's Church, composed of two groups: Jews and Gentiles. The Jews resemble stones long prepared, possessing knowledge and adherence to God's law. In contrast, the Gentiles, once enslaved by idolatry and untouched by the spiritual architects' fervor or devotion, have shed the corruption of a base existence, reflecting their transformation.