The Church Fathers on this verse

Hosea 11:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And I was like a foster father to Ephraim, I carried them in my arms: and they knew not that I healed them.

Douay-Rheims

וְאָנֹכִ֤י תִרְגַּ֙לְתִּי֙ לְאֶפְרַ֔יִם קָחָ֖ם עַל־זְרֽוֹעֹתָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ כִּ֥י רְפָאתִֽים׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

As a father might draw one child onto his lap, not just for that child’s sake but to inspire the others to seek his loving embrace, so too did God extend His grace to the Jews. Instead of holding them closely, He upheld them with His strength, as the prophet reveals. He granted them the treasures they yearned for: the temple, the sacrificial rites they passionately pursued, support in battle, triumphs, accolades, fertile lands, and plentiful harvests, setting them apart with these blessings and inciting envy among others. However, to prevent them from becoming complacent, He tempered their fortune with discipline.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The deity that demands sacrifice is identified in the text, yearning for His people's devotion. Yet, I took Ephraim in my embrace, failing to realize that my actions were aimed at healing the afflictions of humanity. My love serves as the bond that pulls me toward them. This inherent, divine goodness is exemplified by extending grace to those who have yet to turn to Him; to offer blessings to those who already believe is expected, as one naturally honors a neighbor in need. However, to grant kindness to the unclean and those who do not yet know Him reveals the awe of genuine divine benevolence. Thus, the Savior, moved by our plight and embodying unwarranted grace for sinners, declared: “It is not the healthy who need a physician, but those who are ill” (Matt.

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9:12), and at another time, “I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance” (Matthew 9:13).

Although the offspring of Israel wandered in Egypt, they were unaware of the true God; rather, they were guilty of worshiping idols and offering sacrifices to foreign gods. Yet, in His compassion, He proclaimed, “I will bind Ephraim,” despite their waywardness, indicating Israel as a whole through this one tribe. The Lord elucidates this further, implying that He would draw Ephraim close, akin to how one embraces and binds the legs of little ones. This act mirrors the binding of Isaac by Abraham as a sacrifice to God (Gen. 22:9). It is noteworthy that some versions do not use the term “bound,” but rather imply that I was like a caregiver to Ephraim. They failed to perceive that my intention was to correct them even while executing judgment. This encapsulates the truth: “I have healed Israel in the midst of mankind's misery.”

The Egyptians faced demise through ten plagues when Pharaoh refused to release them. Following that, the Hittites, Hivites, Amorites, Canaanites, and Jebusites also fell, allowing Israel, victorious, to inherit the Promised Land, thus lifting them from trials and granting them strength against adversaries. Even so, they remained blind to the fact that in destroying similar nations, I was orchestrating their well-being, drawing them closer in love. If they had been discerning, they would have reflected on why those nations were brought low by God while they were granted a place of favor. Recognizing my disdain for the lawless and discerning righteousness from unrighteousness should have led to repentance.

Thus, those who aspire to please God must cultivate wisdom, possess a good spirit, and see the misfortunes of others as warnings to remain vigilant. Ingratitude is a grave offense, and it becomes evident that those who fall into this sin deserve the punishment for their wrongdoing, as an ungrateful person is akin to a blasphemer (2 Tim. 3:2).

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

I guided Ephraim, cradling him on My arm. I raised them as if they were on the branches of great trees and brought them into the desert.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

I took on the role of a caregiver for Ephraim, cradling them in my arms, yet they remained unaware of the healing I provided. By the ties of humanity, I will draw them close, through the bond of love. I will be like one who lifts the heavy burden from their jaws, having lowered myself to nurture them. In the Septuagint, it is stated that I embraced Ephraim, holding him in my strength, while they did not perceive that I had restored them amidst humanity's degradation; I maintained them in the bonds of My love. I will be like a man striking blows upon his cheeks, looking upon him to prevail over him. The interpretations between the Hebrew text and the translation of the Septuagint present notable differences.

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We must strive to convey the historical meaning as it is found in the Hebrew text and the allegorical understanding offered by the Septuagint.

Previously, it has been expressed, "The child Israel, and I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt." Subsequently, it's mentioned that he fell into the sin of offering sacrifices to Baals and calling upon idols. Yet, God now reveals the depth of His love for Israel, as stated in Deuteronomy: "The Lord hath borne you, as a man hath borne his son, all the way in which ye walked, until ye came to this place." Additionally, it is written of Him, "He stretched out His wing and received them, lifting them upon His body." I declare that I was like a father, a provider, carrying my beloved in my arms to ensure he faced no harm in the wilderness; that he would fear neither the heat of day nor the shadows of night. I was a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, protecting and illuminating their path.

When they sinned, fashioning a golden calf for themselves, I offered them a chance to repent; yet they remained unaware of the healing I provided. For forty years, I tended to their spiritual wounds of idolatry, restoring them to health for the sake of the bond of love established with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Instead of Adam, the translations by Aquila, Symmachus, the Septuagint, and Theodotion refer to humanity, asserting that by this bond, I will draw them forth through love. The following words, "I will be to them as one who lifts a yoke," can be interpreted in two ways. Either I removed from them the yoke imposed by the surrounding nations, or they perceived My law as a burdensome weight.

I provided them with manna to eat in the wilderness, symbolizing my intention of bending down to feed them. Symmachus translates this as service rendered towards them, indicating that it was not merely about God inclining towards them, but that the manna descended at My command. I loved them deeply, serving as the Good Shepherd, carrying the weary on My shoulders, as depicted in Luke 15. Unbeknownst to them, I healed them through My suffering, drawing all to faith through the binding love described in the Gospel: "No one can come to Me, unless the Father who sent Me draws him." They perceived My gentle yoke as burdensome. I descended from the heavenly realms, took on human form, shared in their sustenance, offering My body as their nourishment.

Now, let us explore the spiritual insight according to the Septuagint's translation, refraining from extensive historical and allegorical elaboration to maintain the focus of our discussion. Because they sacrificed to the idols they had created and fled from My presence when I called, I, being the Good Lord, bound Ephraim's feet to prevent his further escape. This act signifies being bound tightly to Me. I bound them through the truths of Scripture and the teachings of the Church, patiently sustaining them in My hands, though they failed to recognize that God’s long-suffering was for their salvation.

Amid the corruption of humanity, particularly those in leadership who deceived them through the chill of disbelief, I extended the warmth of faith, binding them with the ties of My love. Since they did not come willingly but were reluctantly drawn in, I began to strike them gently on their jaws—not to punish but to correct. The judge may inflict pain, employing rods and fire, yet the father merely disciplines his errant son with a gentle hand. Thus, it is significant that He does not state, "I will strike them," but rather "I will be as a man striking the jaws." God strikes wandering children with the threats of punishment, conveyed by Gospel teachings and prophetic testimonies.

These gentle admonitions are meant to expel false doctrines from their mouths. After these corrective actions, He will turn His gaze towards the wayward child, who will plead, "Look upon me and have mercy on me," and again, "Look upon me and hear me, O Lord my God." When He looks upon them, He will overcome their challenges, aiding them, conquering their adversaries and restoring true servants. He will provide pure and nourishing sustenance to those who previously fed on the bitter deceits of false teachings.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.