Leviticus 2:1Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The law, according to Cyril, simplifies the types of sacrifices to those that are minimal and accessible to everyone, which can be offered without great effort. This broadens the opportunity for commendable acts, regardless of one’s status, for it is said, "Thy commandment is broad indeed" (Ps. 118:96). Sincerity in the eyes of the benevolent God is not determined by the quantity of the gift; rather, the individual of modest means, who presents what they possess, aligns themselves with those who are wealthier, wishing to honor God with their contributions, no matter how small.

A voluntary gift was also made, where an individual distinguished themselves by presenting a sacrifice to God, not due to any particular necessity, but driven by fervent devotion.

The sin offering described in Leviticus 3 was presented without the addition of oil and incense, symbolizing that those enveloped in the shadows of sin cannot nourish the light nor experience joy, much like those who are burdened with sorrow. As the prophet indicates, oil brings a gladdening effect to the face (Ps. 103:15), yet there is no pleasing aroma for those who have not turned away from the foulness of sin (Ps. 103:15). It is important to note that Moses refers to fine flour, the loaves that are baked over fire and in ash, as well as those prepared in a frying pan, as offerings. This terminology serves to bring comfort to the impoverished, reassuring them that they need not despair for lacking animals to present as sacrifices.

The offering presented to the Lord, known in Hebrews as the gift to Jehovah, signifies the sacrifice of non-living items. This allows (1) the impoverished to contribute something meaningful, (2) the priests to receive provision, (3) the Lord to be exalted not solely through animal offerings but also through the produce of the earth, and (4) as the sacrifice resembles a feast dedicated to God, it is appropriate to include bread (or its essence), wine, and salt with the meat, symbolizing the completeness of the offering. The flour made from wheat will serve as his contribution. Salt signifies not merely wheat flour but the finest, purest form available. Anointing it with oil as a form of enhancement is essential; for bread enriched with oil is more flavorful. Let the finest and most delightful food be offered to God! Furthermore, let incense be placed upon it to ensure that it is not only delicious but also aromatic.