THEOSISJohn Chrysostom
Although the law allowed for such actions, stating, 'An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,' it was intended not for people to harm one another, but instead to instill a fear of mutual suffering that would restrain arrogance, preventing wrongdoings and the resulting pain from others. The phrase 'An eye for an eye' serves to bind one's hands rather than to encourage retaliation; it underscores the importance of preserving not only one's own well-being but also that of others. As I have previously inquired, if retribution were justified, why would those who enact it face criticism? This teaches against the desire for revenge.
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An individual who suffers harm is allowed to respond in a manner that addresses the wrongdoing, aimed at restraining the perpetrator, yet they are forbidden from harboring resentment. To remember a wrong is a matter not of righteous indignation but of willful malice. God shows mercy to those who are suddenly injured and seek retaliation, which is why it is stated, 'An eye for an eye.' Additionally, it is written, 'But the path of the wicked leads to death' (Proverbs 12:28). If it is permissible to seek reparation through retribution, yet this leads to condemnation for those who are vengeful, how much greater will the penalties be for those who are called to endure wrong? Thus, let us forgo seeking revenge and extinguish our anger so that we may receive mercy from God.
Do you still wish to delve into their teachings to see how naive they may appear? They profess, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth,' suggesting that this is instinctual. The inclination for revenge is often most pronounced within a child’s heart. As vengeance is a fervent and disorderly passion, it is no surprise that children, especially in their formative years marked by impulsiveness and lack of foresight, struggle mightily with anger. The intensity of their rage can manifest in wild displays, leading them to throw themselves on the ground, beat their knees, or topple furniture, and only after such outbursts does their fury begin to wane. This reflects the way God allowed the principle of 'an eye for an eye' and enacted judgment upon the Egyptians and Amalekites in response to the injuries inflicted upon His people.