The Church Fathers on this verse

Luke 4:6Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And he said to him: To thee will I give all this power and the glory of them. For to me they are delivered: and to whom I will, I give them.

Douay-Rheims

και ειπεν αυτω ο διαβολος σοι δωσω την εξουσιαν ταυτην απασαν και την δοξαν αυτων οτι εμοι παραδεδοται και ω εαν θελω διδωμι αυτην

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

11 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 12 commentaries

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

The Lord overcame the allure of greed by refusing to submit, standing firm against it. When the adversary revealed all the kingdoms in a vision, the Lord did not yield to temptation. Some interpret this as the presentation of not just earthly kingdoms, but also of figurative realms, such as the kingdom of unrepentance, the kingdom of jealousy, and indeed all realms of sin. In this context, the tempter essentially suggested that if the Lord sought to rule over these passions and reclaim those enslaved by his power, He would need to bow down and worship in exchange for authority over these domains. The Lord desires to reign, and He has come for that purpose, not through sin or without a struggle, but through courage and triumph. This is a perspective some hold, and they may understand it in this manner. Additionally, the Lord countered the temptation of vanity by relying on the words of Scripture. Lord, deliver us from these three heads of the serpent!

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

O you despicable and cursed being, how can you dare present to the Lord the entire expanse of creation and claim, “All these belong to me”? Consequently, if you prostrate yourself and worship me, I will grant them to you. How can you offer what is not yours to give? Who appointed you as the heir to the Kingdom of God? What gives you the authority over all that exists under heaven? You have wrongfully seized what rightfully does not belong to you. Therefore, restore these treasures to the incarnate Son, the true Sovereign of all. Consider the words of the prophet Isaiah regarding you: “Is it prepared for thee also to reign?

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a deep abyss, fire and brimstone, and wood stacked in order; the wrath of the Lord is as an abyss burning with brimstone.” How is it that you, destined for an unquenchable blaze, dare to offer the King that which is His? Did you imagine that He would serve you, the One before whom all creation trembles, and before whom the seraphim and all heavenly host proclaim His majesty?

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Matthew recounts that Jesus was guided by the Spirit into the wilderness to face temptation from the devil. After fasting for forty days and nights, He became hungry. The tempter approached Him and said, “If You are the Son of God, command these stones to become bread.” Jesus responded, “It is written, ‘Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.’” Eventually, the devil departed from Him, and angels came to serve Him.

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Luke presents a similar account, but the sequence differs. It remains uncertain whether Jesus was first shown the kingdoms of the world and then taken to the pinnacle of the temple, or if the order was reversed. Nonetheless, it is clear that these events occurred, and there is certainty regarding their significance. One should not overlook that Luke articulates these ideas with different phrasing while still adhering to the truth. Mark also confirms that Jesus was tempted by the devil for forty days and nights, but he does not include the specific dialogues between them. However, he mentions that angels ministered to Him, a detail that Luke omits. In contrast, John does not address this matter at all.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Based on these statements, the misguided believe that the adversary holds some form of dominion. The earlier points regarding the heretics remain relevant here: they disregard anything that contradicts their views while embracing what aligns with their beliefs. Thus, when they interpret the phrase 'mine are they' as signifying a certain ownership, they fail to convey the truth, exposing themselves even further through the very argument they believe supports them. Let them consider the additional claim made by the adversary, ‘It is given to me,’ indicating that the true Creator of all powers is distinct from him and has bestowed such authority upon him.

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He continues by asserting, ‘Over all these things I have authority,’ yet this is not an assertion of intrinsic authority but rather a consequence of human desire, as the Scripture teaches, ‘To whom ye give yourselves in slavery and obedience, to him ye are also slaves’ (cf. Rom. 6:16).

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

With reason, the fleeting nature of all temporal and earthly matters is depicted in a mere instant. It is not merely the swiftness of the sight but rather the instability of a fragile authority that is revealed; in that brief moment, everything fades away, and often, worldly splendor disappears before it even fully materializes. What can truly endure in this age, which is itself so brief? The words of Scripture remind us to scorn the winds of empty pursuits, for all earthly might is under the sway of the adversary, its application is untrustworthy, and its outcomes are hollow. Yet how can the devil confer power when it is stated elsewhere that all authority comes from God? Is it conceivable to serve two masters or to acquire dominion from both? There is no contradiction here.

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Reflect and recognize that all things originate from God. The world is not separate from God, as it was created through Him; however, even though God initiated the world, the actions within it are corrupt, for the world is enveloped in wickedness; the order of creation stems from God, but the deeds within it arise from the evil one. Similarly, while God establishes governance, the misuse of that governance is rooted in malignity. For no authority exists that is not of God; the authorities that are present are ordained by God—not merely given, but set in place—and opposing these powers is to stand against God's decree. So here too, although the devil claims to grant authority, he does not deny that it has been permitted to him for a season. The One who has instituted power has allowed him this temporal reign. It is not the power itself that is malign; rather, it is the misuse of that power for malevolent ends. Do you wish to remain unafraid of authority? Practice righteousness, and it will commend you. Hence, evil does not originate from authority, but from the thirst for power. God has established power, and those who wield it for good become His appointed servants, tasked for your benefit. Therefore, the flaw does not lie in the role itself, but in the person who occupies it; the divine order cannot be deemed faulty, only the actions of the individual holding office.

Let us transition from the heavenly to the earthly realm. The emperor, in appointing a person to the esteemed position of judge, deserves commendation. If that judge misuses his office, the fault lies not with the emperor but with the appointed judge. Every crime has its own perpetrator; thus, it is not the authority but the individual's moral failing that propels one toward wrongdoing. Is it advisable to seek authority and aspire to honor? It is good if such a calling is bestowed upon you, yet it is misguided to pursue it independently. However, there exists another form of goodness. One is the service rendered in the world, while another is the pursuit of virtue and the quest for knowledge of God, unburdened by worldly distractions. Though various blessings abound, only one leads to eternal life. And this is eternal life: that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent. Therefore, the ultimate reward is eternal life, and God alone is its source. Let us turn to our Lord and God, serving Him exclusively, that He alone may grant us the most abundant harvest! Let us eschew all that lies under the control of the devil, lest he, as a malevolent overlord, wield his cruel power against those under his dominion.

Thus, authority is not derived from the devil, though it is susceptible to his cunning. The established order of authority is not inherently flawed; rather, it is admirable to pursue God, though that pursuit carries the risk of misunderstanding and error. Should a seeker falter into blasphemy due to misinterpretation, it may be better for him not to have sought than to have fallen into sacrilege. Yet the fault does not lie within the seeker himself; it arises from the heart that seeks poorly, and the fault resides not in the search itself, but in the spiritual condition of humanity. If a seeker of God struggles with temptation due to human frailty and limited understanding, how much more vulnerable is one who seeks worldly gains! Perhaps even more perilous is ambition; it entices individuals toward power through craftiness and flattery, often leading those who may not delight in vices to abandon their moral compass. Ambition falsely brings outward acclaim while internally ravaging the soul, and to ascend above others, it often leads one into subjugation. It willingly bends to attain an honorable position and, in the desire to elevate itself, it degrades because it strays from the nobility inherent in true authority; commanding laws, it ultimately binds itself.

One might argue that only a rogue feels trepidation; yet, even a mariner at sea experiences fear, while one standing securely on solid ground fears not the potential for shipwreck. A descent into the turbulent waters exposes one to grave risks. Therefore, shun the tumultuous sea of this age to escape the threat of disaster! While gales may sway the treetops, they do not topple them due to their deep-rooted stability; similarly, although storms may ravage the seas, not all vessels succumb to wreckage, as peril looms for all. Likewise, from the unrelenting assaults of evil spirits, no one can evade, whether standing on a firm shore or adrift in the open ocean, and often the strength of the gusts shatters even the finest ships.

On a moral plane, this illustrates how the chains of ancient sins are unraveled in backward succession: first the snares of gluttony, then levity, and finally, ambition. Adam succumbed to the temptation of food, and when he approached the forbidden tree with a light heart, he fell into the sin of foolish ambition, yearning to be like God. Thus, our Lord was the first to shatter the nets of this old transgression, guiding us to conquer sin through Scripture and liberate ourselves from its bondage. The Lord Jesus did not covet what belonged to Him; why then do you desire what is not rightfully yours? The Creator of all creation scorned worldly glory and embraced poverty; why grip your state of birth with dissatisfaction and yearn for what is not due to you? Why seek to prolong what is transient? Guard against deception and trickery! For the sake of humanity's fall, the devil stirs the entire world with his subtle lies, employing all deceitful tactics of this age, thus you should be even more vigilant toward his allurements. It was not the fruit that beguiled Eve, nor did her neglect of divine commandments lead to her downfall, but rather the seductive promise of greatness that led her astray. Had she desired only to honor God, she would not have pursued the wrong ambitions. Therefore, you are equipped with a means to repel this danger—serve God exclusively, for devotion to God is free from the chains of ambition.

Adam was enticed by the allure of sustenance, willingly violating the command regarding the tree and falling into the sin of arrogance, seeking to be like God. Yet the Lord first released us from the ancient chains of sin, enabling us to overcome our transgressions through the teachings of Scripture. The adversary, in his attempt to entice humanity, disrupts the entirety of creation through his cunning deceit, enlisting all the temptations of this world—beware of the sweetness of this trap. It was not merely food, nor a lapse in remembering the Lord's directives, but rather a seductive yearning for the promised accolades that led Eve astray. Had she yearned to honor God, she would not have pursued that which was misguided. The solution that dulls the sting of temptation driven by pride and vanity is the commitment to serve God alone. Genuine devotion serves as a remedy for vanity.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

This concept is articulated most distinctly in the designated chapter, which contains the passage: "Again the devil takes Him up a very high mountain."

Alexander Gorsky

19th centuryCommentator

In the third temptation, the adversary presented the simplest path to claim the universal reign that was rightfully the Messiah's, though it would have undermined the divine intentions and the dignity of Jesus Christ. The offer included dominion over all the kingdoms of the earth, which would remain merely earthly. It involved the Messiah submitting to the ruler of this world, thereby acknowledging his authority and power, rather than rejecting him. The temptation implied that the Messiah's kingdom would not be the kingdom of God; instead, it would resemble any earthly realm, wherein the prince of darkness continued to exert influence, having yet to be cast down.

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The vision of the Messiah's kingdom, as largely envisioned by many of today's Jews, was indeed akin to the one the tempter suggested—an easy reign devoid of the battle against sin and suffering, capable of being realized without delay. To align with the fantasies of a people unrestrained by passion was deemed essential, and such a kingdom was poised to be established. The Jewish people, as well as their leadership, would readily support a Messiah of this nature.

Gladkow B.I.

19th centuryCommentator

and the tempter addressed Him, ‘I will grant You dominion over all these nations and their splendor, for this authority has been entrusted to me, and I bestow it upon whomever I choose; thus, if You worship me, everything will belong to You.’ You declined to transform stones into bread, even amidst the intense suffering of hunger You experienced, and Your refusal stemmed from an inability to perform this miracle; it was beyond Your authority. Although You held the Scriptures in faith, You hesitated to depend on God's assistance, doubting that the angels would bear You up, thus choosing not to cast Yourself down from the temple’s pinnacle for the gathering people. It becomes evident now that You are not the Son of God.

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If You truly are, then unveil Yourself in the grandeur of earthly power, as the Sovereign of all creation. This is the awaited Messiah for the Jews. Behold, all the kingdoms of the earth are at Your command. Assess them: to whom does this world yield obedience? To God or to me? Who holds sway over it? Many have turned away from God, and others remain ignorant of Him; yet all grant me reverence, all comply with my desires, all are enslaved to my will. Here lies my dominion, here is my might! However, I am willing to share this dominion with You; I will give You all the nations of the world, but only if You serve not God, but me. You will be the awaited Messiah, the Lord of all, the great King of Israel! How simple it is for You to attain this! All You need to do is obey me, ally with me, worship me. Just bow down to me! Then all of this, all the kingdoms of creation, will be Yours! Simply submit! Bow down! Bow down!...’ In this final temptation, the tempter claimed authority over the world and the universe — a power that is reserved for God alone. The order of the temptations varies between Matthew and Luke. Matthew positions the temptation on the temple roof second, while the temptation on the mountain (of the kingdoms) is third; Luke reverses this order, placing the mountain temptation second and the temple temptation third.

Lopuchin A.P.

19th centuryCommentator

After failing to tempt Jesus through physical frailty and spiritual arrogance, the devil made a final, desperate effort to entice Him by offering dominion over all the kingdoms of the earth. He took Jesus to a high mountain and revealed a captivating vision of the world’s splendor, saying to Him, “All these things I will give You if You fall down and worship.” The adversary understood that Christ, the Redeemer, was on the verge of enduring profound humiliation and anguish, which would undoubtedly cause His human heart to quake. Yet, there was a way for Him to escape this fate and manifest as the powerful Messiah, the conqueror and ruler that many in Israel anticipated. Why should He not assume this ultimate guise if it meant only yielding to the tempter?

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

She has been entrusted to me: this provides a deeper understanding of what is only briefly mentioned in Eu. Matthew conveys this succinctly, capturing the essence of the message (v. Matthew 4:9); the meaning remains unchanged.

Paul Matwejewski

19th centuryCommentator

The third temptation intricately weaves together the challenges posed in the earlier trials, as earthly authority, which stirs the ego, often ignites desires for worldly pleasures. The devil once more brings Jesus to an elevated mountain and, in an instant (Luke 4:5), reveals to Him all the kingdoms of the earth and their splendor, proclaiming, “I will give all these things to You, if You will bow down.” This declaration comes from the devil, recognized as the ruler of this world (John 14:30; 16:11), wielding dark powers (Colossians 2:15) and the dominion of death (Hebrews 2:14).

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However, Christ’s purpose on earth is to establish the kingdom of God, which is pure, holy, and spiritual (John 18:36) – a realm where sin and its author do not belong (John 12:31), achieved not through instant gratification but through profound spiritual truth. His approach involves enlightening humanity with truth, leading by His example, and redeeming through His suffering and death. This path, envisioned from eternity, was how Christ would enter His glory (Luke 24:26) and gain all authority in heaven and on earth (Matthew 28:18). The Lord rebuffed the tempter's offer with formidable strength, emphasizing the fundamental tenet of His kingdom: “Get behind Me, Satan, for it is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God and serve Him alone’” (Deuteronomy 6:13). The name Satan, derived from Hebrew meaning adversary or enemy, is often associated with a malevolent spirit (1 Chronicles 21:1; Psalm 108:6; Job 1:6, 8; 2:1; Zechariah 3:1, 2), indicating that the tempter stood as the leader of all malevolent forces (Revelation 12:7, 9; Matthew 12:24).

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 24 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  2. εἶπεν
    eipen
    to say
    G2036 · ἔπω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον
  3. αὐτῷ
    autō
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  4. ὁ
    ho
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  5. διάβολος
    diabolos
    slanderous
    G1228 · διάβολος
  6. Σοὶ
    soi
    you
    G4771 · σύ
  7. δώσω
    dōsō
    I offer
    G1325 · δίδωμι
  8. τὴν
    tēn
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  9. ἐξουσίαν
    exousian
    power
    G1849 · ἐξουσία
  10. ταύτην
    tautēn
    this
    G3778 · οὗτος
  11. ἅπασαν
    hapasan
    all
    G537 · ἅπας
  12. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  13. τὴν
    tēn
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  14. δόξαν
    doxan
    honor
    G1391 · δόξα
  15. αὐτῶν
    autōn
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  16. ὅτι
    hoti
    that
    G3754 · ὅτι
  17. ἐμοὶ
    emoi
    I
    G1473 · ἐγώ
  18. παραδέδοται
    paradedotai
    I hand over
    G3860 · παραδίδωμι
  19. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  20. ᾧ
    hō
    who
    G3739 · ὅς, ἥ
  21. ἐὰν
    ean
    if
    G1437 · ἐάν
  22. θέλω
    thelō
    I will
    G2309 · θέλω
  23. δίδωμι
    didōmi
    I offer
    G1325 · δίδωμι
  24. αὐτήν
    autēn
    he
    G846 · αὐτός