The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 132 (131):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

If I shall give sleep to my eyes, or slumber to my eyelids,

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אִם־אֶתֵּ֣ן שְׁנַ֣ת לְעֵינָ֑י לְֽעַפְעַפַּ֥י תְּנוּמָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

In that critical time, it was essential to restore the temple, to rebuild the city, and to reestablish the ancient societal order; thus, he directs his discourse towards this particular matter. He omits what is widely acknowledged—everyone recognized the humility of David—and instead emphasizes that which is crucial to his intent. What were the Jews yearning for at that moment? They sought the renewal of the temple and the revival of the ancient worship practices.

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David, being renowned for this very task, seems to be honored for his dedication, as the psalmist urges God regarding the temple's construction, stating, ‘Remember, O Lord, David, and all his meekness: as he swore to the Lord, he promised to the God of Jacob, “I will not enter into the habitation—my house, I will not enter upon my bier, I will not give sleep to my eyes, nor slumber to my eyelids, nor rest to my temples, till I find a place for the Lord, a habitation for the God of Jacob”’ (vv. 1-5).

How does this relate to you? He asserts, I am a descendant of David, and since You, having accepted his zeal, have pledged to establish his lineage and kingdom, we now beseech the fulfillment of these promises. David did not declare, ‘until I build,’ for that was not permitted to him, but rather, ‘until I find a place for the Lord, a habitation for the God of Jacob.’ Without mentioning the builder, the psalmist highlights the vow-maker, teaching us the value of a righteous spirit and how God rewards sincere intentions. He is particularly noted for being a builder even more than his son, for he made a solemn vow, while the latter received a divine command.

Observe his fervor: he asserts, I will not enter my house, nor approach my bier, nor enjoy what is essential, until I have secured a place for the God of Jacob. In stark contrast to this, God rebuked the Jews saying, ‘Ye dwell “in your houses adorned, whereas this house is desolate”’ (Haggai 1:4). Again, he emphasizes, ‘Until I find a place for the Lord, a habitation for the God of Jacob.’ Consider the diligence and concern of his soul; the king proclaims, ‘until I find a place for the Lord, a habitation for the God of Jacob,’ despite having everything at his disposal. He desired to build not just anywhere, but in the most suitable and appropriate location for a temple, and he set about searching for that site, reflecting his unwavering commitment.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Beloved, it is fitting that we prioritize listening to our Brother and my fellow servant when he stands among us all. He has not turned us away but has sent us on our way, as he insisted on hearing me, provided I would also hear him, for it is in this divine mercy that we all heed our one true Master in heaven. Consider the psalm known as the “Song of Degrees,” which is significantly lengthier than others of the same classification. Let us not delay unnecessarily, unless compelled by necessity, so that we might, with the Lord’s grace, offer a complete explanation. Neither should you approach these matters as uninformed individuals; rather, draw upon your previous understandings, lest everything I say seem unfamiliar.

“Lord, remember David and all his humility” (Psalm 131:1). Historically, David was the sole king of Israel, son of Jesse. The Holy Scriptures affirm and commend his meekness, which was so profound that he did not return evil for evil even to his adversary Saul. With such tremendous humility, he regarded Saul as the king and himself as insignificant, responding to Saul neither haughtily nor with disrespect, despite his greater strength from God. Instead, he sought to appease Saul through his humility rather than provoke him through arrogance. Saul, delivered into David’s hand by the Lord, was subject to David's will, yet David chose to act with grace. Therefore, we praise David's humility and meekness when we call upon God, asking, “Remember David, O Lord, and all his meekness.”

Why do we ask this? Because he swore to the Lord and made a vow to the Almighty God of Jacob (Psalm 130:2). Let this serve as a reminder of his promise, for David himself declared a vow as if it were within his control, praying to God for the fulfillment of that vow: there exists faithfulness in the vow and humility in the supplication. No one should presume they fulfill their vow by mere human power, for the One who beckons you to vow is also the One who aids you in its fulfillment. We must therefore reflect on the nature of his vow to understand the meaning behind David's example.

David is often interpreted as “powerful” due to his prowess as a warrior. Trusting in the Lord his God, he quelled the conflicts, subdued all his foes with divine assistance, thus foreshadowing the One who holds strong against adversaries, specifically the devil and his minions. It is against these foes that the Church contends and triumphs. Regarding the vow he made, consider the weight of his promise. A solemn vow signifies a firm commitment. Observe the fervor with which he pledged, the love and eagerness behind his words, yet he turns to God in prayer as he states, “Lord, remember David and all his meekness.”

In this humble state, he vowed, declaring, “I will not go to my house nor lie on my bed” (Psalm 130:3). I will not allow my eyes to sleep nor my eyelids to slumber (Psalm 130:4). This was not enough; he added, “Nor shall the temples of my head find rest until I have found a place for the Lord, a dwelling place for the God of Jacob” (Psalm 131:5). Where did he seek this sacred place for the Lord? In his own heart, reflecting meekness. For how can one truly find a dwelling for the Lord? Listen to the prophet: “On whom shall My Spirit rest? On him who is humble and contrite in spirit and trembles at My word” (Isaiah 66:2). If you wish to be a place for the Lord, cultivate humility in your spirit, be broken and tremble before the Lord’s words, and you shall become that which you seek. If that which you desire does not reside within you, what fruit is there in seeking it elsewhere?

Consider how many thousands believed, dear brethren, when they laid their possessions before the apostles. What does Scripture reveal about them? They became the temple of God; each was a temple in their own right, yet collectively they constituted the temple of God. To emphasize that a singular dwelling is prepared for the Lord among them, the Scripture states, “They were of one heart and soul before God.” However, many, seeking to avoid making room for the Lord, clutch their own interests, savor their own power, and pursue personal gains. The desire to make space for the Lord requires one to rejoice not in private gain but in the common good.

Thus, let us, brethren, refrain from the attachment to personal possessions, or through love of them, if we can do so, that we might create a space for the Lord. “It is too much for me,” someone might say. But consider who you are in attempting to make a place for the Lord. If a senator or the deputy of a great man sought a place in your house, would you not ensure to remove any offense to make way for him? What value is human favor to you? Seek the friendship of Christ, unafraid, for He desires to be welcomed in your home; make room for Him.

What does it mean to make room for Him? It means to love Him more than oneself. If you cherish yourself above all, you will find the door closed to Him; if you love Him, you will open your heart. By such an opening, when He enters, you will not lose yourself in selfishness, but rather truly find yourself with Him who loves you.

Listen, we also find in the Psalm, “I found it in Ephrata” (Psalm 131:6). What does it mean, a place for the Lord? It was noted in Ephrata and unveiled in the wooded plains. Did he hear it where he found it? What does Ephrata signify, and what do the forest plains mean? Ephrata, a Hebrew term, translates to “mirror” in Latin, as the translators conveyed. They transitioned from Hebrew to Greek, and then we see Latin versions crafted. Some have noted the significance at play within the scriptures. If Ephrata signifies a mirror, the house found in the forest indicates it was a prophetic vision. A mirror reflects an image; all prophecy contains images of what is to come. Thus, the future dwelling of God was revealed through prophecy.

What then of the "plains of the forests"? Here "Saltus" does not refer merely to a vast land but indicates an area yet uncultivated and forested. What, then, are these forest plains if not peoples that have yet to be cultivated? Regions still burdened by the thorns of idolatry? Thus, while these thorns of idolatry persist, the dwelling place of the Lord is still found, the tabernacle of the God of Jacob. What was proclaimed through imagery to the Jews is now evidenced in the faith of the Gentiles.

We shall enter His worshipful abode (Psalm 130:7); His sacred dwelling belongs to the Lord God of Jacob. Those who enter seek not just a visit but long to reside there. Entering allows them to inhabit this divine space. For the Lord is better, and when He begins to dwell within you, joy will ensue. If He is absent from you, misery follows. Consider the son who said, “Father, give me my share of the property” (Luke 15:12-20); he desired autonomy. His father held onto the valuables, wise enough to protect him from squandering it on vanities. Although the son received it and traveled to distant lands, he eventually wasted it all. In hunger, he remembered his father. Return, therefore, to Him, that you might reside, and though it may not belong to you per se, let us find shelter within His abundance.

We will worship in the place where His presence stood. Whose presence? That of the Lord. It is in the house of the Lord where He declares He will be worshipped. Outside of this dwelling, the promise of eternal life is not grasped, for to belong to God’s house is to be constructed of living stones through mercy. Those devoid of mercy, however, shall encounter a fall, while the house endures.

However, if your understanding draws from the very etymology of where the Lord’s feet rest, let your feet find stability in Christ. They will stand firm, provided you endure in Him. Concerning the devil, Scripture reveals he was a murderer from the start and has not remained in the truth (John 8:44). Thus, the devil’s feet do not find stability. Regarding the proud, one cries, “Let not pride tread upon me, nor the hand of the wicked bring me low.” Look upon all that commit iniquity; they have stumbled and cannot maintain their footing. This signifies the house of God, where the faithful remain steady.

As John rejoiced, saying, “He who has the bride is the bridegroom, and the friend of the bridegroom stands and hears him” (John 3:29). If he does not stand, he cannot hear. He stands justified, delighting in the voice of the bridegroom. Now you see why those who delight solely in their own voice have fallen. The bridegroom is He who baptizes (John 1:33). Some proclaim, “We baptize,” and, reveling in their own acclaim, they falter and fail to claim their place within the house declared as holy.

“Arise, O Lord, to Your resting place” (Psalm 130:8). The plea is made to the Lord, who knows who has slumbered and who has arisen... “Thou and the ark of Thy sanctification,” which is to say, arise so that the sanctified ark may arise. He is our Head; His ark is His Church; He rose first so that the Church may also rise. The body would not have claimed the promise of resurrection had the Head not arisen first. The body of Christ, borne of Mary, signifies the sanctified ark; thus, the words indicate, “Arise with His body,” so that those who lack belief may understand.

“Your priests shall be clothed in righteousness, and let Your saints sing for joy” (Psalm 130:9). When You rise from the dead and ascend to Your Father, let this royal priesthood be clothed in faith, for the just shall live by faith (Romans 1:17). Having received the Holy Spirit's gift, let the members rejoice in the hope of resurrection, which was first seen in the Head; hence, the Apostle says, “Rejoice in Hope” (Romans 12:12).

“For the sake of David, Your servant, do not turn away the countenance of Your anointed” (Psalm 130:10). These words are directed toward God the Father. For David’s sake, His servant, may the face of His anointed not be cast aside. The Lord was crucified in Judea, persecuted by the Jewish people; He who slept now rises to judge those who held Him captive. But it was also declared, “Raise Me up, and I shall reward them.”

As He rewarded them, so shall He reward. The Jews are well aware of their tribulations following the Lord's demise; they were expelled from the very city where He was put to death. But did David's lineage truly perish entirely? No, some from this tribe believed, indeed thousands believed, following the Lord’s resurrection. They acted out in anger and crucified Him, yet soon after began to witness the miracles performed in the name of Him whom they had executed. They trembled upon realizing that such power existed in His name, which at first seemed ineffectual in their hands. Convinced at last there was something divine concealed within Him, they consulted the Apostles who declared, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ” (Acts 2:38).

And now, as Christ arose to judge those who crucified Him, He turned His presence away from the Jews and toward the Gentiles; thus, we pray for the remnant of Israel. Hence, the prayer ascends, “For the sake of Your servant David, do not turn away the presence of Your anointed.” Although the tares may be condemned, let the wheat be gathered, and let the remnant be saved, as Isaiah foretold, “And the remnant shall return” (Isaiah 10:21-22). From among them were the twelve Apostles and more than five hundred brethren to whom the Lord presented Himself following His Resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:6). Many thousands were baptized (Acts 2:41), laying their possessions at the feet of the Apostles. Thus, the prayer addressed to God is validated: “For the sake of Your servant David, do not turn away the presence of Your anointed.”

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Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Song of Ascents. Theme: The thirteenth song is a supplication for David. The act of purification brings about forgiveness for all sins; hence, the prophetic Spirit, joined by the redeemed, calls out, ‘Remember also David, O Lord, rewarding him according to his humility. Just as David, in his humility, pardoned Saul for his wrongdoings, so also forgive David's transgressions. Remember, O Lord, David, and all his humility. As they make vows to the Lord, pledging to the God of Jacob, etc. He who received divine instruction from the Holy Spirit that the Lord would visit humanity and grant forgiveness for many sins, driven by the hope of his own salvation, eagerly seeks to learn when and where this will happen, and how the Lord will manifest.

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In his longing to understand, he subjected himself to great weariness, renouncing the comfort of his bed, leaving his home, and humbling himself on the ground before God in the presence of the sanctuary, swearing that he would not rise until he received this knowledge. The Lord, in His mercy, acknowledges this fervent plea and assures that once He has sworn an oath, He will not deceive. Thus, David proclaimed, ‘Behold, I have heard in Euphrath; and this is Bethlehem.’ What had they received as knowledge but that the Lord’s coming would occur there? I found myself in the fields of the oak tree, for it is in the plains or fields where the manger, in which Christ was born, is located.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Numerous individuals believe that the focus lies with the Church. However, I contend that the emphasis is more on St. Mary than on the Church herself.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The account from the Paralipomenon elucidates this point more distinctly. Initially, he implored to construct a sacred temple. However, when God, through the prophet Nathan, prohibited this and declared that Solomon would be the one to build it, David set aside the project. Nonetheless, he was not idle; rather, he actively collected gold, silver, iron, brass, wood, and stones. The text, as mentioned, reveals all of this to those who are willing to engage with it.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

If I enter the vicinity of my dwelling, or if I ascend to my bed, I will grant sleep to my eyes, slumber to my eyelids, and rest to my temples until I discover a dwelling place for the Lord, a sanctuary for the God of Jacob. Remember, O Lord, how David, filled with fervor in his spirit, vowed with an oath, because the Ark of God was shifting from place to place, that he would not take rest for himself until he found an appropriate location, a fitting residence for God, or a place for the Temple. Indeed, the noble David did not cease his efforts until he secured a proper site, upon which Solomon later constructed the illustrious temple, as noted in the first book of Chronicles, where Solomon received from David details regarding the location and design of this sacred edifice.

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The Greek term asche is utilized in place of “not,” hence it should clearly state, I will not enter the habitation of my house, I will not give sleep, and so forth, as discussed previously, indicating through the usage of an oath the meaning of negation. We may refer to the temple as the house and village of God because it is within that space where God communicated with the worthy priests and delivered His divine responses and prophecies, as has been elaborated in other texts. The acknowledgment of Solomon as the builder is absent, emphasizing instead the promise-maker to illustrate God’s common practice of rewarding diligence. Thus, it is significant to mention David rather than Solomon, for it was David who made the promise and not his son who built it. Theodoret states that David first sought permission to construct the temple of God. However, since God, through the prophet Nathan, forbade this endeavor and foretold that the construction would occur in Solomon's era, although David did not initiate the building, he still did not succumb to laziness. As chronicled in the first book of Chronicles, he gathered silver, iron, brass, wood, and stones for this purpose.

Eusebius and Cyril share that David, instructed by the Holy Spirit about the forthcoming appearance of the Lord, dedicated himself to such an extent that he renounced all comforts, abandoning his bed and kneeling on the bare earth before God. He sought divine revelation regarding the location of the Lord’s presence, swearing an oath not to rise until he discerned the designated site prepared for the Lord's manifestation to humankind. He declared his commitment to persevere until he learned the place where the Only Begotten would one day be born into humanity. Following his unwavering devotion in prayer and his binding vow, God, in His mercy, began to respond to him, concerned that David might become a transgressor for having sworn not to rise until his earnest request was fulfilled. Thus, God revealed the sought-after knowledge through the Spirit of prophecy, leading David to proclaim: behold, we have heard of Him, and so forth.

According to Nicetas of Stithathias, the place upon which David mentally set his feet symbolizes the heart cleansed from material distractions and the peace and complete tranquility that the Spirit bestows upon the soul. Moreover, the dwelling of the God of Jacob is represented by the soul and mind, which, through the illumination of the Spirit, transforms into a vessel of divine presence, becoming a living spring that dispenses the pure waters of the Word to those who hunger. This transformation renders the soul capable of housing the incomprehensible God, ensuring that God remains steadfast in His truthfulness.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

David possessed an intense longing to construct a temple for the Lord; he vowed that he would not find rest until he identified a location that would be pleasing to God, the very place that was destined for his son to build. David upheld this commitment by designating a site for the temple, inspired by the manifestation of the angel, and by gathering abundant treasures and materials essential for its construction, alongside the plans for the future edifice. Thus, at the dedication of the temple, Solomon honors David as the initiator of this sacred endeavor, presenting him to God's grace for his fervor in this cause while simultaneously recognizing him as a benefactor, hoping that through David's prayers, he could bolster his own supplications for the newly constructed temple.

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What constitutes the true act of humility? The sacred hymn expresses this beautifully: “As they swear unto the Lord, and promise unto the God of Jacob: if I enter into the village of my house, or ascend upon the bier of my bed; if I give sleep unto my eyes, and slumber unto my eyelids, and rest unto my eyes, till I find a place unto the Lord, a village unto the God of Jacob” (Psalm 131:2-5). David's remarkable act of humility is epitomized in his passionate quest to establish a temple, or at least a tabernacle suitable for true worship in accordance with the cultural context of his time—a zeal so profound that he found no peace or sleep, being consistently devoted to his holy mission. This mindset reflects meekness or humility, as he, a king of a throne he had not inherited but claimed, could have sought regal grandeur for himself. However, he chose to overlook his own desires and fixate on the King of kings, dedicating his thoughts solely to His dwelling and sovereignty.

David’s commitment to this cause remained steadfast throughout his reign. Upon the return of the Ark of the Covenant from the Philistine captivity, which had been left outside the tabernacle at Cariathiarim, he constructed a new tabernacle in Jerusalem for it. He organized the service of the Levites, expressed to the Prophet Nathan his intention to build a temple, and upon discovering that this task was ordained for his son, he tirelessly prepared materials and treasures for the structure. He, guided by the angel and the Prophet, identified a location for the temple, drafted plans for all its components, and ultimately, in his final days, entrusted this project along with the throne to Solomon.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In these statements, Solomon conveys the deep concern that his father David had for the Lord's temple. It appeared inappropriate to David that he had a dwelling and a bed for rest, while the altar of the Lord lacked a stable and peaceful place—a proper temple to reside in. Consequently, he made a solemn vow to God, swearing he would refrain from entering his own house or lying down on his bed, and he would not allow himself to sleep or find comfort until he established a serene location for the ark of God.

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This vow does not imply that David committed to living outside, exposed and without sustenance (as such a state is intolerable to human nature); rather, it emphasizes that even when at home or resting, David was perpetually focused on and dedicated to the construction of a temple for God. Through these words, Solomon underscores the significant diligence his father had in regard to building the Lord's temple. David felt it was quite improper for him to reside in comfort while the Lord's altar lacked a permanent home, moving from place to place. Therefore, he made a vow to God, pledging he would not enter his home or lie on his bed; furthermore, he would not let himself sleep or find rest until he secured a tranquil place for the ark of God. This expression of his vow does not suggest that David intended to live outdoors, deprived of rest or food—an unbearable condition for humanity—but rather conveys that even in the comfort of his home or upon his bed, he would continuously think of and aspire to create a temple for the Lord.

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Passages read together with this verse.