The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 41 (40):14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Blessed be the Lord the God of Israel from eternity to eternity. So be it. So be it.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

בָּ֘ר֤וּךְ יְהוָ֨ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵֽ֭הָעוֹלָם וְעַ֥ד הָעוֹלָ֗ם אָ֘מֵ֥ן ׀ וְאָמֵֽן׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 9 commentaries

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Lord, who rewards and entrusts, has provided all and orchestrated everything for our salvation. He spoke of these events beforehand and brought them to fruition in our time, and what remains unfulfilled will be completed in the future. Thus, we have a Fulfiller in whom to place our faith: for even those things He has yet to grant will be given, just as those He held back in earlier times will indeed be provided later.

For indeed, You support Me due to My integrity (Psalm 40:12). Integrity it is; purity without fault, reward without obligation, suffering without cause. You sustain Me because of My purity and grant Me strength in Your presence eternally. You have empowered Me forever, rendered Me vulnerable for a season, bestowed strength in Your sight, and allowed weakness in the eyes of humanity. So what shall we say? Let us exalt Him, may His name be glorified. Praised be the Lord God of Israel. He is the God of Israel, our God, the God of Jacob, the God of the younger son, the God of the younger nation. Let no one claim that ‘to the Jews He said, I am not Israel’; instead, the Jews are not Israel. As for the elder son, he represents the elder nation cast aside; the younger is the nation embraced.

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The elder shall serve the younger (Gen. 25:13). Behold, it is realized: now, brethren, the Jews serve us; they are like our vessels, we learn from them, they bear our teachings. Observe how the Jews serve us, and rightly so... They possess the Law and the Prophets, in which Christ is proclaimed through the Law and the Prophets. When engaging with the Gentiles and demonstrating the acts foretold in the Church of Christ concerning the Name of Christ, and His Head and Body, we present the writings of the Jews to ensure they understand that these predictions are not our own fabrications, but rather reveal truths about the future. The Jews, indeed, stand opposed to us; yet through the writings of our adversaries, we sway those who oppose us... If any foe grows angry and claims, ‘You have invented prophecies for yourselves; we will present the writings of the Jews,’ let them read the foretold prophecies that we now witness fulfilled; and let us all respond, ‘Blessed be the Lord God of Israel from everlasting to everlasting,’ and let all the people affirm, ‘Amen, amen.’

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Praise be to the Lord God of Israel forever. The hymn given is completed with gratitude. The blessing we direct towards God arises in this present era and extends into the age to come. Our understanding is partial, and our prophecies are limited (1 Corinthians 13:9), which is why our blessings are also partial. Yet, when the fullness arrives, Paul teaches that what is partial will be set aside (1 Corinthians 13:10). With the arrival of perfect things, the incomplete will come to an end. Thus, the Psalmist implores, ‘Be thou, be thou, be thou,’ amplifying the plea. Fortunate is the one who begins to bless God through faith and the commendable deeds of this life, for such a blessing is richly rewarded in the age to come, where the wicked and unfaithful are barred from offering such praise.

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It is important to observe that some have divided this Psalm writing into five sections, positioning the first section before this Psalm, as it concludes with what resembles a crown that encompasses God's blessing. Consequently, they divide the subsequent four sections similarly.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Aquila interprets πεπιστωμεως as "faithfully," deriving this adverb from the term "faith." In the Septuagint, the term Amen is translated as γενοιτο, meaning "let it be." Consequently, at the conclusion of the books (the Psalms are categorized into five sections by the Jews), the LXX translates "Awake, awake," which corresponds to the Hebrew phrase Amen, Amen—thus confirming the truth of what has been stated. Paul likewise asserts that no one can affirm Amen, or endorse what is communicated, without grasping its meaning (1 Cor. 14:16).

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

The conclusion of the initial book of Let there be signifies the conclusion of the collection. It appears that the Psalms have been segmented into five sections, with the first section culminating in Psalm 40. It is noteworthy that this fortieth Psalm, which wraps up the book, symbolizes the culmination of the Lord's Passion during the forty days. Consequently, the second section, which follows the fortieth Psalm, introduces the more profound sacraments, commencing with the sacrament of rebirth.

Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, the people who behold God and have faith in their Lord and God, from everlasting to everlasting! Let it be, let it be. In the Hebrew text, it is written Amen, amen, attested by those familiar with Hebrew letters. In this context, the Greek phrase is γενέσθω, γενέσθω, which translates to "let there be, let there be!" This expression holds various meanings: at times it may convey a command, at others it might signify a request or consent. It represents a command when a superior instructs a subordinate. Here, it takes the form of a request: "Thy will be done" (Matthew 6:10), as it is no one’s place to command God but rather to ask Him.

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It serves as an affirmation when a prophet, priest, or saint blesses the people, prompting their response of "Let it be, let it be!" It seems more a declaration of blessing than a prayer or entreaty, especially given the repetition of the phrase itself. The Hebrew employs a different term to express a similar sentiment. When a priest blesses, the people reply with "Amen," affirming the blessing he seeks from God for them, as seen in the psalmic exclamation of "Let there be, let there be!”—equating to "Amen, Amen." In the Gospels, the term "Amen" serves as confirmation when the Lord declares, "Amen I say unto you" (Matthew 6:16). Repetition imbues the words with increased significance, as frequently encountered in the Gospel of John, who often speaks of heavenly mysteries, such as in "Amen, amen I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God" (John 3:5) and "Amen, amen I say to you, whatever you ask the Father in my name, he will give it to you" (John 16:23). These are merely two examples; many can be found by those who seek further.

The phrases "let it be, let it be" also point toward the conclusion of a book. It is believed that the Psalter is organized into five books, with the first concluding at the fortieth psalm. Notably, the fortieth psalm portrays the Passion of the Savior, marking the end of the first book, coinciding with the conclusion of the Lord’s suffering during the forty-day fast, from which the second book emerges with themes of renewal. Like the forty-day fast, this book encompasses more profound mysteries, foreshadowing the sacrament of Baptism illustrated by the phrase: "As a deer longs for flowing streams" (Psalm 41:2), and the experience of saints who have ascended to the heavenly tabernacle, as well as the descent of the Holy Spirit, which flowed forth as spiritual grace with the sound of celestial waterfalls, empowering the Spirit as described in the Acts of the Apostles. This points to the renewed individual’s entrance to the altar, the ascension of the Savior, and the sanctification of virtue.

The second book concludes with the seventy-first psalm, which proclaims prophetically the expansion of Christ’s kingdom of peace across the earth and the forgiveness of sins. After blessing the Lord, the psalmist adds, "And the whole earth shall be filled with his glory. Let it be, let it be, let it be!" (Psalm 71:19). The third book finishes with the eighty-eighth psalm, which contains, "Blessed be the Lord forever, be it, be it, be it!" (Psalm 88:53). The fourth book concludes with the one hundred fifth psalm, which states, "Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, Let it be, let it be!" (Psalm 105:48). The fifth book culminates differently, declaring, "Let every breath praise the Lord!" (Psalm 150:6). One might ponder why I emphasize the division into five books, even though the Psalms form a single entity. The Gospel, too, exists as one but contains four distinct books. I have previously indicated that the Gospel is singular, and if necessary, can elucidate this further. When the Savior declared, "Amen I say unto you, Wherever this gospel shall be preached" (Matthew 26:13), the Apostle states, "I marvel that you so soon pass to another gospel, which is not another, but merely individuals who confuse you" (Galatians 1:6-7). In another instance, he reminds the brethren of the gospel (1 Corinthians 15:1). The collection of four books consistently referred to as the Gospel has the same definitive identity as the single collection of psalms, as the Scripture notes: "On the ten-stringed psalter, with a song on the psaltery" (Psalm 91:4). Another reference to the five books is found in the phrase "In the vessels of the psalms" (Psalm 70:22). It is remarkable that there are five books yet one Psalter, for the outer man engages through five senses, while the spiritual senses of the inner heart bring the inner man to perfection, which is deemed precious before God according to the Apostle Peter. Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear (Luke 8:4)! We possess one sense, while many with sight do not see, and some who are blind are believed to perceive more clearly. Thus, prophets are termed "seers" even when they lack physical sight.

The fragrance described is lovely, as the Apostle declares, "We are the aroma of Christ to God" (2 Corinthians 2:15). Job notes, "And the Spirit of God is in my nostrils" (Job 27:3). There exists a singular aroma of Christ and the Spirit before God, reflecting the unity of the Trinity. Furthermore, there is spiritual sustenance, as the Lord remarked, "My food is to do the will of my Father who is in heaven" (John 4:34). There is also a deeper touch, exemplified by the woman who had a flow of blood for twelve years and was healed by merely touching Christ; this was not a healing afforded by physicians but a touch of faith. People could not perceive this touch, yet Jesus recognized it and stated, "Someone touched Me, for I felt power going out from Me" (Luke 8:46). The awareness of Christ is the gift of salvation. It is evident that humans have ten senses, and David, expressing both inward and outward praise—outward through bodily worship and inward through heartfelt devotion—proclaims, "On the ten-stringed psalter I will sing to Thee" (Psalm 143:9). The psalmist exemplifies a person perfected in Christ, where the harmonious melodies of virtues synchronize like well-tuned strings, as he proclaims, "I will sing to You, O God, with the psaltery, O Holy One of Israel! My lips will rejoice as I sing to You, and my soul, which You have redeemed" (Psalm 70:22-23). The Apostle Paul expressed his own condition, stating, "Outside are pressures, within are fears" (2 Corinthians 7:5). The perfect individual rejoices both inwardly and outwardly, while someone still contending finds themselves in a state of anxiety, having learned the value of redeeming their soul. One who sings psalms dwells in joy, whereas one who battles remains troubled. Paul was capable of singing psalms yet refrained from advancing until he established the faithfulness required for such singing, thus proclaiming: "I will pray in the Spirit, I will pray also with the mind; I will sing in the Spirit, I will sing also with the mind" (1 Corinthians 14:15).

After demonstrating that the ministry of psalmody is twofold, Scripture conveys through the prophet that the voice also bears duality: "With my voice I cry out to God, and He heard me" (Psalm 76:2). Why "my voice?" He might have simply said, "I cried out to the Lord." Our voice embodies the purest expression, one free from error. In our verbosity, we often fall into sin; yet, this prophet's voice reaches God. It was with this voice that Moses called silently upon the Lord, and with this voice, Hannah prayed fervently though her lips remained unmoving: she sought a son whom she had not been able to conceive until her prayers became vocal. Of this voice, the Lord instructed, "But when you pray, go into your room, shut the door, and pray to your Father, who is in secret; and your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you" (Matthew 6:6). What shall be rewarded? That which you petitioned for and sought. Just as sinners receive double for their transgressions from the Lord, the righteous receive according to their requests. Observe how they receive. Your prayer ascends to God and returns to you, as indicated in the Psalm: "And my prayer shall return to my heart" (Psalm 34:13), yielding fruit for the one who asks. Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, who has unveiled so many mysteries unto us, from everlasting to everlasting! That is, from everlasting to everlasting. Let it be, let it be!

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The heavenly Prophet, having predicted this, was astounded by the Lord's incomprehensible compassion. Recognizing the One who willingly embraced this voluntary humility, he lifted his voice in praise to Him, hoping to attain a blessed conclusion himself. His song, rightly proclaimed after enduring his afflictions, conveyed the truth that the One he prophesied about is not merely a human, but the everlasting God, who possesses an eternal and unchanging existence.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

In proclaiming the prophetic words about Christ, and in awe of His incomprehensible mercy and humility, David offers a song of thanksgiving to God. He emphasizes that we should honor and exalt God in a manner that aligns with our true identity as Israelites, meaning Christians, as previously mentioned in Psalm 21 (Psalm 21:24) when discussing the phrase, "Let all the seed of Israel fear Him." This praise is meant to extend from the present age into eternity. By saying, "Behold, behold, behold!" David calls for the renewal brought by the Incarnation of our Lord Christ. The repetition of “behold” signifies the deepening of this prayer.

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Divine Cyril points out that we commence our praise of God now and will continue into the future, referencing that which will come to pass. Theodoret remarks that it is appropriate for the one who has endured suffering to offer praise, illustrating that he of whom he prophesies is not solely human but also the eternal God, possessing an everlasting and boundless existence.

Furthermore, the repetition of "behold" serves in place of the customary "amen," as noted by Aquila, which is often added in prayers and exclamations that echo the sentiment of “for ever and ever.” According to Gregory of Nyssa and Eusebius, this concludes the first book of the Psalms. The initial psalm of this collection began with the benediction, "Blessed is the man who did not walk in the counsel of the wicked," mirroring the conclusion of this first book, which commends, "Blessed is the one who understands the plight of the poor and the needy." In the first psalm, the blessed individual is the one who avoids evil, whereas in this final psalm, it is the one who acknowledges goodness. This is likened to the only-begotten Son, who, though wealthy, is made poor for our sake; the same one whom he named poor and needy at the beginning of this psalm is, at its conclusion, exalted as blessed, illustrating His divinity as expressed by Gregory of Nyssa.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In these phrases, he illustrates that his adversaries did not maintain their victory for long, as God subdued their arrogance and exalted him. It is as if he proclaimed, “You, O Lord, have cast down my foes, but because of my integrity, known solely to You, have accepted me, rescuing me from their grasp and ensuring my everlasting safety and trustworthiness.” However, David does not take pride in his innocence; rather, he reveals that he was deeply aware of God's presence even amid temptation, when Satan, through his agents, attempted to undermine his faith. He also demonstrates his perseverance, which allowed him to uphold the righteousness and goodness within his heart despite overwhelming turmoil.

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In the concluding verse, he reiterates his gratitude, which he initiated earlier, referring to his benefactor as the God of Israel and affirming his steadfast remembrance of the covenant established with his ancestors, from which deliverance emerged. The phrase "Be of good cheer, be of good cheer," expressed in Hebrew as "Amen, amen, amen," conveys a profound emotion meant to inspire the faithful to glorify God.