Beda Venerabilis
The nations hold in contempt the existence, community, and teachings of those who remain loyal to Christ, rightly referred to as Jews, meaning those in a state of transformation. They are currently moving from sin to righteousness, and they aspire to transition from death to eternal life. By gazing upwards with a spiritual perspective focused on heaven, they possess the ability to conquer the lowly cravings of the flesh and to triumph over the adversarial schemes of this world.