Exodus 21:9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The regulations governing concubinage provide a measure of protection for the Hebrew female slave against abuse, prevent her from being sold to a foreigner, and even address her relationships within her household. Notably, if she is married to the master's son, she cannot hinder him from marrying someone of equal social standing who holds the rank of the primary wife. Furthermore, her master cannot withhold from her clothing, sustenance, or even marital intimacy, given that she is bound to him for life (unless divorced) through the sacred bond of marriage. The decree in Deuteronomy 21:14 emphasizes the recognition of her status; a female slave or captive who shares intimacy with an Israelite is not subject to sale. If she no longer finds favor in his eyes, she is granted her freedom.