The Church Fathers on this verse

Ezekiel 29:18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Son of man, Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon hath made his army to undergo hard service against Tyre: every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled and there hath been no reward given him, nor his army for Tyre, for the service that he rendered me against it.

Douay-Rheims

בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּ֠בֶל הֶעֱבִ֨יד אֶת־חֵיל֜וֹ עֲבֹדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ אֶל־צֹ֔ר כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ מֻקְרָ֔ח וְכָל־כָּתֵ֖ף מְרוּטָ֑ה וְ֠שָׂכָר לֹא־הָ֨יָה ל֤וֹ וּלְחֵילוֹ֙ מִצֹּ֔ר עַל־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֥ד עָלֶֽיהָ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Upon the fulfillment of this event, or when its completion was anticipated imminently, numerous residents of Tyre, experienced in seafaring due to their extensive trade, set sail from the isle alongside their families and sought refuge in other towns and villages. Meanwhile, the Babylonians, having launched an invasion, slaughtered those who remained, captured numerous individuals, and engaged in all actions typical of conquerors. However, they felt considerable regret upon discovering that many of the Tyrians, including their most prominent citizens, had escaped, having already loaded their possessions onto ships.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

In the twenty-seventh year, during the first month on a specific day, the Lord shared His message with me, saying: Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar, the Babylonian king, mobilized his troops for an extensive campaign against Tyre. Each soldier endured hardship; their heads were blistered and their shoulders bare, yet no reward was bestowed upon him or his men for their efforts against Tyre. Therefore, the Lord God declares: I will bestow upon Nebuchadnezzar the territory of Egypt, enabling him to carry off its wealth, seize its bounty, and take for himself the spoils, which will serve as compensation for his soldiers; for his service against Tyre, I grant him this land as a testament to their labor for Me, declares the Lord God.

Read more (819 words)

On that day, the strength of the house of Israel will be exalted, and I will empower your voice among them, and they shall recognize that I am the Lord.

One might wonder why there is an immediate leap from the tenth year of the previous prophecy to the twenty-seventh year here, followed by references to the tenth and twelfth years, and eventually the twenty-fifth year which appears at the conclusion of the temple's account. The resolution to this is not complex. The two prophecies regarding Egypt are interconnected, although revealed at different times; they relate to the same nation. This structure is similar to instances within Jeremiah, where events are often recounted in reverse chronological order. In some passages, Zedekiah's actions are detailed before those of his predecessor, Jehoiakim. However, the Psalms do not adhere to a historical sequence, as they are crafted as lyrical compositions.

To address the literal context: When Nebuchadnezzar besieged Tyre and was unable to utilize battering rams or siege engines due to the city's coastal positioning, he commanded a vast number of troops to gather stones and construct embankments. They filled a narrow waterway, bridging the gap between the mainland and the island. As the Tyrians witnessed the impending fall of their city, their leaders evacuated valuables—gold, silver, and various precious items—by ship to nearby islands, leaving nothing of worth for Nebuchadnezzar when he ultimately seized the city. Nevertheless, since he complied with God's purpose in this endeavor, Egypt was granted to him shortly after Tyre's fall.

Tyre was far more malevolent than Egypt, as while Egypt attacked Jerusalem, Tyre only offered empty promises of assistance. It is one thing to mislead the vulnerable by instilling false hopes; it is quite another to wage war against God's chosen people. Hence, the Lord asserts that Nebuchadnezzar, in his campaign against Tyre, executed My will—his soldiers worked hard under harsh conditions, suffering blistered heads and sore shoulders from carrying heavy loads, yet he and his army found nothing of value there. Because he fulfilled My purpose, I will grant him the land of Egypt in recompense.

Some interpret this reward as coming under Nebuchadnezzar's reign, while others assert it occurred during the time of Cambyses, son of Cyrus, who ravaged Egypt as far as Ethiopia, leading to his own demise as a result of insanity, stemming from a fall, ultimately ending with his own sword. Herodotus recounts this extensively, detailing the entirety of Egypt, its cities, fortifications, and the origins of the Nile, extending to the boundaries of Ethiopia, the Great Sea, and the borderlands of Libya and Arabia.

The root of the Lord's discontent with Egypt lies in their deception of God's people through false promises, causing them to place their trust in human aid rather than in God, igniting His anger. The prophecy states that on the day when Egypt falls, the strength of Israel will be elevated, likely referencing the royal lineage. Some attribute this to Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, descended from King David through Jehoiakim; others suggest it pertains to a future time with the anticipated return of Elijah. However, we understand this strength as representing Christ as the horn of salvation.

The words of the prophet will not merely echo possibility but will become manifest, allowing all to witness that I am the Lord, whose words are fulfilled in action. This emphasizes the connection to the literal interpretation of prophecy. In observing that Nebuchadnezzar was rewarded for his righteous actions, we recognize that even the Gentiles, when they act rightly, will not go unnoticed by God's judgment. Thus, Jeremiah refers to Nebuchadnezzar as the servant of God, stating: I will send Nebuchadnezzar, My servant.

It becomes apparent that in contrast to the Gentiles, we stand condemned for failing to adhere to the natural law, whether outlined or not. The apostle Paul elaborates on this in his epistle to the Romans. Moreover, for clarity in the spiritual interpretation, we inquire about the significance of the number twenty-seven. In Genesis, it is noted that in the six-hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month on the twenty-seventh day, the floodwaters came upon the earth, and later, in the seventh month of the same year, it was noted that on the twenty-seventh day the waters receded and Noah's ark came to rest upon the mountains of Ararat, which represent Armenia.

This number thus emerges as significant, marking both divine wrath, as evidenced by the flood, and mercy, as observed in the later events of the seventh month. As the Jewish calendar is based on lunar cycles, the designation of the twenty-seventh day indicates that some vestiges of light remain, signifying God's mercy amidst His wrath. When the moon completes its cycle, the Passover and principal feasts are commemorated. Thus, we note that this number encompasses both blessings for Nebuchadnezzar, rewarded for his labors, and calamity for the Egyptians, foretold with impending devastation.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

He prophesied the former occurrence during the tenth or twentieth summer of Jechonias' captivity, but this latter prophecy is declared in the twenty-seventh year following the conquest of Tyre. This came after a prolonged siege that left every head shaven and every body exposed. Such conditions are commonly the result of living beneath an open sky, where the intense heat can cause the skin to deteriorate on exposed areas of the body. Yet, God assures that He will grant Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar as a reward for his efforts in besieging Tyre. This is not because Nebuchadnezzar acted willingly in accordance with God's purpose—though he turned against all these nations out of his own desires—but rather to reveal that nothing unfolds outside of God's sovereign will.

Read more (94 words)

As it is written, ‘Two birds are valued by one assariy, and not one of them shall fall on the earth without your Father which is in heaven’ (Matthew 10:29). Every event is within His sight; He governs some affairs directly, while others He permits to occur, sometimes allowing the exercise of human free will and, at other times, permitting punishment for those deserving of it. Thus, to demonstrate that Nebuchadnezzar's power was granted by His allowance, God promises him the subjugation of the Egyptians as a reward for the siege against the Tyrians.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.