The Church Fathers on this verse

Haggai 2:18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

I struck you with a blasting wind, and all the works of your hand with the mildew and with hail, yet there was none among you that returned to me, saith the Lord.

Douay-Rheims

שִׂימוּ־נָ֣א לְבַבְכֶ֔ם מִן־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה מִיּוֹם֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֜ה לַתְּשִׁיעִ֗י לְמִן־הַיּ֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יֻסַּ֥ד הֵֽיכַל־יְהוָ֖ה שִׂ֥ימוּ לְבַבְכֶֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Through skilled rhetoric, they had previously instilled the belief that a significant misfortune awaited those who chose to neglect the divine sanctuary. He reassures them that in the matters that bring them joy, they can be confident that their efforts to honor Him will yield abundant prosperity, and that their reverence for His temple will undoubtedly result in the fullness of every blessing.

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He vows to bestow upon them an extraordinary bounty from the harvest, so much so that it will be nearly unimaginable, with the granaries overflowing with grain beyond measure; similarly, the trees in their orchards will yield an extravagant crop: the vines will be laden with fruit, and the fig, pomegranate, and apple trees will flourish abundantly, while even the olive tree will provide a surprisingly rich harvest due to God’s favor. Conversely, those lacking the passion to strengthen the Church—essentially, those who do not present themselves to Christ in the holy sanctuary—will find their situations deteriorating, facing temptations and grappling with spiritual desolation. In contrast, to those who strive to uplift and cherish acts of devotion, the Lord will surely grant them stability in all forms of well-being, overflowing spiritual bounty, and a flourishing abundance of virtues that blossom like a well-tended garden, enabling them to boldly proclaim what is recorded in the Song of Songs: "let my brother go down into his heptagon, and let him eat the fruit of his vegetables" (Song of Songs 5:1). For the fruits of virtue and the joy of spiritual abundance serve as nourishment for God.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

He states that he has outlined your past sufferings prior to the initiation of my temple's construction; now he will detail what will prosper for you, as you have commenced building my temple. Observe the plentiful harvest that emerges from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, marking the laying of the temple's foundations. The ninth month corresponds to what we refer to as November or December. Among the Hebrews, the month Nisan, the first month associated with the season of new fruits, aligns with their celebration of Passover in early spring. Usually, this month spans parts of March and begins in April. Therefore, if we identify Nisan with April, then the ninth month according to the Hebrew calendar is December.

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December is when seeds lie dormant in the soil, obscuring any anticipation of the eventual harvest. He asks, is there not a seed within the sprout? This nuance is better captured in Hebrew with the term meaning enclosed grain, representing where the seed is sown. Do the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree exhibit any signs of ripeness? Indeed they do not! For in December, as previously noted, indications of future fruit are absent. You might argue that I am making predictions based on observations, such as the hues of the trees and the verdancy of the fields, yet there are no signs to support such forecasts. Nonetheless, I assure you of a fruitful harvest in accordance with my blessing.

As we have noted, this aligns with the Hebrew text, while the interpretation based on the LXX differs broadly. We first need to clarify the literal meaning to understand its figurative implications rightly. Direct your hearts towards the future from this day on, when the temple's foundations are established, and you will witness an astonishing yield. From all fields, your harvest will be so abundant that the storages will barely recognize their contents; barns will overflow, and the sheer abundance will blur the lines between individual stores throughout the land. The vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree, which previously bore no fruit due to your transgressions, will now be laden with such an overwhelming supply of produce that it will unmistakably reveal the blessings poured upon them.

The negative connotation of the ninth month is further illustrated in the fourth book of Kings and the accounts of Jeremiah. However, since the foundations of the temple are laid at the close of the ninth month, we interpret this as the establishment of the Lord's house only beginning after the wicked deeds have concluded. As a result, the foundation is established on the twenty-fourth day, a number representing two dozen, three sets of eight, and four sets of six, a detail we have expounded previously. Anyone who commits to God’s service and shuns indifference—represented by the careless ruler who, as noted in Ezra, impedes the temple's construction—will witness a generous outpouring of fruitfulness and blessings.

Furthermore, understanding the phrase "Is there still a storehouse on earth?" pertains to those who sow in the Spirit and reap eternal life, as stated in Galatians; they will not accumulate earthly treasures, but their deeds and rewards align with heavenly promises. The vine symbolizes the Word of God, cultivated by the Father within each believer; the fig tree represents the sweetest gifts of the Holy Spirit; the pomegranate tree signifies the Church's teachings and Scriptural wisdom, paralleled in the Song of Songs with the bride's palms. The olive tree symbolizes peace and enlightenment for those who embark on the task of constructing God's temple.

The vine, fig tree, and olive tree relate to the face of the Savior, God the Father, and the Holy Spirit; while the pomegranate tree is temporarily set aside. This relationship is expounded upon in the Book of Judges, where barren trees gather to appoint a king and invite the vine, fig tree, and olive tree to lead them. Yet, all three refuse such authority and decline to acknowledge the barren trees in positions of power. Consequently, they seek out the blackthorn, emblematic of their own barrenness, a thorny plant that ensnares all who stalk it, inflicting wounds and drawing blood from the injured while also consuming nearby trees through its fiery influence. We liken this thorn to the devil and will analyze its essence according to the attributes of this formidable shrub.

Thus, the vine, fig tree, and olive tree shall ascend where the pomegranate tree exists; it symbolizes the Church with its multitude of seeds, woven together while encompassed by a single shell.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

I have warned you in various ways, sending pestilence, storms, and hail; yet in your great stubbornness, you ignored these warnings. So, when you reflect on this, consider what your yield will be once you begin constructing the temple. I will provide you with such a surplus that you will be unable to measure the output of the threshing floor. Along with blessings, I will grant you bountiful fruit, and I will also greatly increase the harvest of your orchards. Furthermore, I will fulfill the prophecy I gave you, O Zerubbabel, regarding Gog and Magog.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.