The Church Fathers on this verse

Job 21:7Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Why then do the wicked live, are they advanced, and strengthened with riches?

Douay-Rheims

מַדּ֣וּעַ רְשָׁעִ֣ים יִחְי֑וּ עָ֝תְק֗וּ גַּם־גָּ֥בְרוּ חָֽיִל׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

David notes that the wicked often flourish and amass treasures, as stated, "Behold, these sinners are ever prosperous and have retained wealth" (Psalm 72:12). Job similarly expresses that our surprise should not merely stem from the rewards given to those who persist in wrongdoing, but rather from how their very success can deepen their depravity.

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We must firmly accept one truth: God orchestrates all events for our ultimate benefit. It is pointless for us to seek understanding of these pathways, to complain, or to become disheartened when answers elude us. Such knowledge is both unattainable and futile; the first due to our mortal nature and the second as we are often led astray by our pride. Just as parents may undertake actions that seem detrimental to their children, yet are ultimately for their good, children are called to trust and obey without questioning motives. If we do not grumble against earthly parents of the same flesh and blood, how can we then question the divine, who is infinitely superior to humanity, simply for our lack of comprehension? This attitude is inexcusable. Blessed Paul, with righteous indignation, remarked, "Wherefore, O man, who art thou against God's answer; the thing formed say to him that formed it, Why hast thou made me thus?" (Romans 9:20). While I used the analogy of children, Paul offers a far superior illustration— that of the potter and the clay. Just as clay must yield to the shaping hands of the potter, so must humanity humbly accept God's directives, showcasing gratitude for His provisions without contradiction or an attempt to uncover the rationale behind them. The mysteries of God’s providence extend beyond human comprehension and perplex even the most venerable and extraordinary figures of faith throughout history. Job asked, “Why do the ungodly live, and become old, yea, are mighty in power?” and so on. David too expressed a similar sentiment: "My feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped. For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked" (Psalm 72:2-5). In harmony, Jeremiah declared, "Righteous art Thou, O Lord: yet let me talk with Thee of Thy judgments: Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper?" (Jeremiah 12:1). They grappled with these questions, yet did not charge God with injustice as the wicked do. Rather, one proclaimed, “Thy righteousness is like the great mountains; Thy judgments are a great deep...” (Psalm 36:6), while another, who faced immense trials, declared, "In all this Job sinned not, nor charged God foolishly" (Job 1:22). In his reflections on creation, he stated, "Lo, these are parts of His ways: but how little a portion is heard of Him!" (Job 26:14). Jeremiah, anticipating potential skepticism, asserted, "Righteous art Thou, O Lord," acknowledging God’s just actions, while admitting his lack of understanding concerning their execution. Did they discover more? No, they were left without answers, as David shared, "And when I sought to know this, it was too painful for me" (Psalm 73:16). The silence was deliberate, a lesson for future generations not to question God about such matters. They sought clarification on why the wicked thrived in wealth, yet they could not grasp even this— a challenge that has only intensified in our present times, prompting even more inquiries than before. May all hope and understanding belong to Him who knows the end from the beginning.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Certainly, God continues to extend His grace to the unrighteous, demonstrating that He bears no ill will toward them. This prevents them from claiming, “God despises us; therefore, He will never grant us the opportunity for repentance.” Although He may discipline the upright with a firm hand, His love is consistently available to those who sin. The challenges faced by the virtuous in this life are merely anticipations of the rewards for their righteous deeds to come.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Many individuals neglect the call to compassion and charity, believing that the Lord is indifferent to human matters and unaware of our hidden deeds and unspoken thoughts. They perceive His judgment as entirely unjust, especially when they witness wrongdoers prospering in wealth, boasting in accolades, enjoying good health, and having numerous descendants, while the virtuous endure destitution, miss out on recognition, face infertility, struggle with illness, and dwell in deep despair and anguish. The entirety of chapter 12 reflects on the plight of the upright Job and resonates with another work by St.

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Ambrose titled ‘On the Complaint of Job and David.’ This inquiry holds great significance, as the three kings, who were Job's friends, labeled him a sinner upon observing his transformation from affluence to poverty, the loss of his children, and his affliction with painful sores covering his body. To them, St. Job responded, “If I suffer these things because of my sins, why do the wicked live and grow old in riches? Their descendants are secure, their children thrive before them. Their homes are prosperous, fear does not beset them, and the discipline of the Lord does not afflict them (Job 21:7-9).”

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Why do those without regard for the law thrive, elevated and fortified by their wealth? Job 21:7. Were it not for God's patience, they would not endure in their transgressions for so long. Initially, they are 'elevated by riches' when they gain strength, yet they are 'fortified' by those very riches as they are permitted to live extended lives in this world. Those whose fortunes lift them up find that the passage of time deepens their arrogance in their authority. Indeed, it is often stated that they are 'elevated and fortified' because they are 'elevated' through accolades and 'fortified' by abundance.

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However, there are countless individuals who, despite being both 'elevated' by their accolades and 'fortified' by their wealth, and having acquired what they yearn for in this earthly existence, suffer the sorrow of being childless. It is a profound affliction for them to witness their substantial inheritance while lacking heirs to inherit it. What benefit is there in possessions if there are no children to succeed them? Such is the reality that unfolds:

Olympiodorus of Alexandria

6th centuryChurch Father

I will express my thoughts passionately and briefly highlight the trials that lie ahead of me, for the anguish afflicting my body is beyond verbal expression. Why do the unrighteous thrive and grow old in abundance? Their fields yield plenty, they take delight in their offspring, they prosper, and live without fear. They are not visited by the afflictions of the Almighty. Their livestock produce well, and their wives bear children without loss. They live like livestock, content and carefree.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

Job ceases to seek solace from his companions; instead, he desires their silence, allowing him to express his grievances regarding his suffering until he has fully articulated them (21: 1-6). Despite their efforts to illustrate the fate of the wicked, who face punishment after a brief period of happiness, Job points out that many examples exist of the wicked who experience joy in life and death (7-13). They dismiss Divine Providence (14-15); the prospect of sudden demise does not intimidate them (16-18), nor does the unfortunate fate of their descendants trouble them (19-21). Who among them can delineate for God the justice in the distribution of joy and sorrow among humanity (22)? Under the sovereignty of God, both the unrighteous and the righteous meet the same end (23-26).

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Job's companions solely believe that the wicked must inevitably face destruction (27-28). Yet, experience demonstrates that the wicked often prosper during their lives and find peace in death (29-33). Consequently, Job concludes that their arguments lack a sound basis (34). In this segment of their discourse, Job's friends escalate from vague allegations regarding his hidden transgressions to explicit charges of hypocrisy and pride, adhering to their previous stance on the unavoidable punishment for sin while threatening Job with dire consequences. Conversely, Job increasingly proclaims his steadfast belief in his innocence and his conviction that the ideas of his friends are unfounded, attributing human fortune and misfortune not to one's virtue but to the unfathomable workings of Divine Providence.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.