The Church Fathers on this verse

Luke 17:20Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God should come, he answering them and said: The kingdom of God cometh not with observation.

Douay-Rheims

επερωτηθεις δε υπο των φαρισαιων ποτε ερχεται η βασιλεια του θεου απεκριθη αυτοις και ειπεν ουκ ερχεται η βασιλεια του θεου μετα παρατηρησεως

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Theophylact of Bulgaria

11th centuryChurch Father

The Lord frequently spoke about the kingdom of God in His teachings. Yet, when the Pharisees heard Him, they mocked Him, questioning when this kingdom would arrive, treating Him as though He were an eccentric for preaching such a peculiar topic. None of the earlier teachers or prophets had addressed it (the kingdom of God). Perhaps, with their plot to kill Him already in mind, they approached Him with a question designed to provoke and belittle Him, as if to imply, ‘You talk of the kingdom; when will it come? For, come morning, we will hand You over to death, You will bear the cross, and face many other indignities.’

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Once more, the Pharisee engages in a struggle with God, unaware that he is merely deceiving himself; for, while he feigns a desire to understand, he treats the sacred mysteries with disdain, mysteries so profound that "angels desire to look into them," as stated by the Apostle Peter. Consequently, "blindness in part happened to Israel," and their sight was shrouded in darkness. Their ignorance was evident, as they often turned the mystery of Christ into a subject of mockery, a fact we can glean from the current reading. They approached Him with the question, "When will the kingdom of God come?" Mortify your pride, foolish Pharisee, and refrain from scorn, which leads to severe and unavoidable guilt.

Read more (293 words)

"For it is said, whosoever believeth not the Son is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the Name of the Son of God." The revered Moses had already foreshadowed, through types and shadows, that the Word is the path and the entrance to salvation for the world, for despite being divine, He manifested in human likeness and endured the death of the flesh for the sake of all humanity. Furthermore, the utterances of the holy prophets align with Moses's words, predicting His coming in due time in a manner akin to ours. This prophecy was fulfilled: He came to earth in the form of a servant, while still upholding the divine authority, power, and glory that belong to God, as shown by the magnificence of His deeds. Yet, you did not place your faith in Him; you rejected salvation through Him due to your obstinacy and pride. Afterward, you inquire, "When shall the kingdom of God come?" As I mentioned, you mock a truly sacred and awe-inspiring mystery. For since the Savior of all frequently spoke of the kingdom of God, these unfortunate individuals, in their scorn for Him—and potentially believing that their malice would force Him to face death on the cross—sarcastically questioned, "When shall the kingdom of God come?" implying that before the fulfillment of this kingdom you speak of, you will be seized by the cross and death. How does Christ respond? He again demonstrates His patience and unmatched love for humanity, for "being reviled, He does not revile in return; suffering, He does not threaten." Thus, He neither harshly rebukes them nor answers their inquiry in light of their wickedness but instead speaks words beneficial to all, declaring, "The kingdom of God does not come by vigil."

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

When the Pharisees inquired about the arrival of the kingdom of God, they were aware that He had frequently spoken of its imminent presence, often referring to Himself in this regard. Their question, which seemed to mock His authority, arose from their perception of Him as inconsequential, as they had yet to conspire against Him. In response, He declared that the kingdom of God would not be manifested in a manner visible to human eyes.

Ignatij (Briantchaninow)

19th centuryChurch Father

The Pharisees posed a question to the Lord, asking, "When will the kingdom of God come?" (Luke 17:20). Their inquiry was not heartfelt or genuine; it was driven by curiosity, seeking an opportunity to accuse Him. With their deceptive and malicious intent, they envisioned the Messiah as a grand monarch and a triumphant conqueror rather than recognizing Him as a humble servant with no earthly refuge. Their question was laced with mockery and expressed their carnal reasoning, which is opposed to the divine will (Romans 8:7).

Read more (1117 words)

The Lord addressed the nature of such inquiries that stem from a worldly perspective, typical of those who are ensnared in sin and preoccupied with worldly concerns and pleasures. The God-man responded, saying, "The kingdom of God will not come with observation; the kingdom of God is within you" (Luke 17:20-21). This implies a call to abandon a carnal and sinful existence, to engage in repentance, and to align oneself with the teachings of the Gospel. In doing so, one cleanses and adorns their spiritual temple, inviting the Holy Spirit to dwell within and complete this sanctification. It is in such a temple that God’s spiritual, though invisible, kingdom resides in a manner that is entirely perceivable by the believers.

A person who harbors the kingdom of God within can discern the signs of Christ's return and recognize and resist the Antichrist. Conversely, those who do not have this inner kingdom will not recognize the Antichrist and will unknowingly follow him, remaining oblivious to the approaching end of the world and the glorious return of Christ. No earthly teaching can replace the inner transformation that is necessary for true understanding; such enlightenment comes solely from God. The one who possesses the kingdom of God is guided by the Holy Spirit, who leads them into all truth (John 16:13), sheltering them from deception that masquerades as truth.

A wise monk insightfully observed that many will be misled by the Antichrist, revering him as a powerful god. In contrast, those filled with divine insight will discern truth through sincere faith. For those who are spiritually attuned, the presence of the deceiver will be apparent, while those whose lives focus solely on earthly matters will find it incomprehensible, often dismissing the truth speaker in disdain. Humanity, ensnared by its worldly wisdom, will largely deny the reality of Christ's second coming. As it is written, "There shall come in the last days scoffers, walking according to their own lusts, saying, 'Where is the promise of His coming?'" (2 Pet. 3:3-4).

When the Pharisees turned away, the Lord warned His disciples that a sign of the end times would be an overwhelming materialism. People would become forgetful of God, heaven, and eternity, pursuing fleeting earthly gains as if they could secure everlasting comfort here. This misguided focus is folly, as death serves as a constant reminder of our creation for eternity, emphasizing that our primary concerns should be for the everlasting rather than the transient. The insanity of prioritizing earthly concerns will manifest in society, validating divine prophecy. "As it was in the days of Noah," the Lord said, "so shall it be also in the days of the Son of Man" (Luke 17:26).

In those days preceding His return, mankind will engage in ordinary activities—eating, drinking, marrying—unaware of the coming judgment, just as in the times of Noah and Lot, when indulgence in vice flourished. The licentious behavior stems from a departure from God, leading souls to prioritize earthly ambitions over spiritual salvation. Those who neglect to seek God and their spiritual welfare, absorbed in worldly matters, risk corrupting their very essence. As a result, they become estranged from God and fall deeper into sin.

Mankind will emerge from this moral decay, embracing depravity as the norm. As the Apostle Paul warned, "For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boasters, proud, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, unholy, unloving, unforgiving, slanderers, without self-control, brutal, despisers of good" (2 Tim. 3:2-5). Sin will reach an apex, disguised in a semblance of godliness, leaving many unaware of their moral and spiritual decline. The Jewish people in Christ's time failed to recognize this, misled by empty religious practices that bore no true life or faith.

In times of material prosperity, humanity will boast of its achievements, blinding itself to its moral failures and rejecting spiritual growth. Their euphoric state will lead to unexpected calamity, as expressed in the scripture: "For when they say, 'Peace and safety!' then sudden destruction comes upon them" (1 Thess. 5:3). This unforeseen end will arrive unannounced, a stark reality for a world engrossed in earthly pleasures, as stated, "the day of the Lord will come as a thief in the night" (1 Thess. 5:2). The Lord characterized His return as “night,” reminding that spiritual blindness will characterize those who reject their divine purpose.

As false dreams capture humanity, they become ensnared in a fleeting existence devoid of eternal significance, exhausting their spirits in pursuit of ephemeral comfort. This deceptive dream lures them throughout their earthly journey, betraying them in the end, leaving them unprepared for eternity and hostile to its spiritual treasures. For such individuals, the afterlife offers only the abyss of hell, reserved for those who fail to embrace their divine calling.

The elders in the Solovetsky monastery recount the sage advice of Monk Zosima, who cautioned that when men proclaim Christ's presence on earth, it signifies the arrival of the Antichrist. His words ring true, for the world will mistake the Antichrist for the true Christ, eagerly heralding his arrival. Thus, the rising fervor over Christ's expected return will indicate the Antichrist's presence and impending actions.

Building on these truths, our Lord forewarned His disciples, "If anyone says to you, 'Look, here is the Christ!' or 'There!' do not believe it" (Matthew 24:23-27; Luke 17:23-24). Christ’s return will not require man's promotion; rather, He will come in glory, unexpectedly and universally. Those questioning the possibility of His simultaneous appearance for all should remember that He, by His divine will, fashioned the world, and through that same omnipotence can reveal Himself to humanity at once. St. John Damascene affirmed, "The Lord will come from heaven in the same manner as you saw Him go into heaven" (Acts 1:11).

The Lord cautioned us with these solemn words: "Take heed to yourselves, lest your hearts be weighed down with carousing, drunkenness, and cares of this life, and that Day come on you unexpectedly" (Luke 21:34-35). This divine exhortation forbids the indulgence of earthly desires, which can mislead one from focusing on eternity and lead into sin. In hearts devoid of God's presence, passions invade, ushering in moral decay and spiritual ignorance.

Like a net, the Lord’s coming will ensnare those engaged in sinful living, who are intellectually and spiritually intoxicated. This snare will ensconce all of humanity, making escape impossible. Understanding this, let us remain vigilant and prayerful, humbly seeking God's grace to cultivate the Kingdom within ourselves. By adhering to divine intentions, we can break free from the bondage of sin and the deceptions of the world. With hope and assurance of salvation, we can stand before the just Judge, who will determine our eternal fate. Amen.

Alexander Gorsky

19th centuryCommentator

When the Pharisees inquired of Him, "When will the kingdom of God arrive?" He responded that its arrival would be realized in each individual once the appropriate heart condition was cultivated within them. It serves no purpose to anticipate its glorious and victorious establishment. Each person must pursue the path to it within their own spirit.

Bogolepow D.P.

19th centuryCommentator

The Pharisees misrepresented the kingdom of the Messiah as a temporal realm, perceiving its establishment as the Messiah's rule over the Jews, the liberation from Roman oppression, and the subjugation of all nations under Jewish authority. In contrast to this incorrect portrayal, when questioned regarding the timing of God's kingdom, Jesus Christ clarifies that the kingdom of God, understood as a spiritual realm defined by God's sovereign will over the hearts of humanity, will not emerge through observable external events or political turmoil. He states that one should not point to a location and declare, “Behold, here is the king of this kingdom, the Messiah,” for the kingdom of God is within you.

Read more (68 words)

The term "within" can imply differing meanings: applied to a collective, it suggests "among you," yet directed to individuals, it signifies "inside you." In this context, it represents a truth that has been accomplished for the collective, while also existing as an inner conviction for each person, independent of its manifestation in experience—these words were directed at the Pharisees, in whom the kingdom of God was not present.

Gladkow B.I.

19th centuryCommentator

As Jesus traveled, the Pharisees observed His every action closely. Upon hearing His parables regarding the kingdom of God and the kingdom of heaven but failing to grasp the distinction between the two, they engaged Him in dialogue during a brief pause in His journey. They inquired about the coming of the kingdom of God, which they interpreted as the kingdom of the Messiah. Their understanding was clouded by the expectation of a powerful ruler who would free the Jewish people from Roman oppression and establish dominance over all nations. This misconception was not only held by the Pharisees but also resonated among the Jewish populace and even among the apostles. Consequently, the inquiry posed to Jesus was laden with cunning and deceit.

Read more (87 words)

The Pharisees reasoned that if the crowds perceived Him as the Messiah, He should not leave them in suspense but rather clarify when the Messianic kingdom would manifest and what signs would herald its arrival. They were acutely aware from previous discussions that the kingdom He announced was not the one that aligned with Jewish hopes; thus, they aimed to compel Him to reiterate more forcefully and explicitly that He was not the liberating Messiah that the oppressed people yearned for amidst their subjugation by foreign powers.

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

The Evangelist does not elaborate on the motivations behind the Pharisees' inquiry, yet we can infer that it was unlikely to be genuine; this is evident in the Lord's cautious and indirect reply, which He further explained to His disciples. Blessed Theophylact suggests that the Lord frequently referenced the Kingdom of God in His teachings. However, the Pharisees scoffed at these mentions and approached Him mockingly, as if to inquire when it would come, viewing Him as a peculiar figure discussing a remarkable and unfamiliar topic. None of the ancient teachers or prophets had spoken of the Kingdom of God. It’s also plausible they sought to test Him, aligning with the typical contempt the Pharisees held for Jesus during this period.

Read more (304 words)

When they asked, "When the kingdom of God cometh," they were inquiring about the Messiah's kingdom, wondering when it would be unveiled (see note on Matthew 3:2). The Lord had already chastised them multiple times for their unwillingness to recognize the signs that the Kingdom of God had arrived among them, for the very King of this Kingdom was present (Luke 12:54-57 and parallels).

In His response to the Pharisees, the Lord conveyed a similar message but presented it in a way that was somewhat enigmatic. He refrained from providing a direct answer, leaving them to contemplate the nature of the Kingdom and not revealing that it is unlike any worldly realm. Rather, it is a domain of peace (John 18:36). Having remained silent on this point, deeming them unworthy to receive such knowledge due to their deliberate ignorance, He declared that the timing of the Kingdom's arrival is not known and is not to be subjected to observation (Theophilus).

"The kingdom of God shall not come in a visible manner": this implies a form not discernible to the eye, which starkly contrasts with the typical events of life. We speak here of the gracious Kingdom of God, established on earth by Jesus Christ. It is not of this world but a spiritual kingdom. Life will proceed as usual, yet a new spiritual influence and power will emerge, not manifesting outwardly but transforming the world from within—a gradual change initially imperceptible. Through His response, the Lord dispelled the Jews' misconceptions, especially those held by the Pharisees, who anticipated the Kingdom of God to manifest as a grand and glorious earthly kingdom. The Lord affirmed that this Kingdom would indeed come, but it would not appear in the expected manner, not with external pomp and splendor, but rather humbly and unobtrusively as a spiritual dominion.

Paul Matwejewski

19th centuryCommentator

The Pharisees, who frequently listened to the teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ regarding the kingdom of God, mistakenly believed He was referring to a worldly and tangible reign of the Messiah, which they anticipated. Seizing the moment, they inquired when this kingdom would manifest. In His response, the Lord exposed the profound misunderstanding held by the Pharisees, indicating that the Kingdom of God would not appear as they imagined. Instead, it would arrive subtly and unnoticeably, lacking any grand display or external grandeur, making it challenging to identify its presence: "Neither shall they say, Lo here! or, Lo there!

Read more (80 words)

for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you." This kingdom has already been disclosed among the Jewish people through the proclamation of the Gospel, the selection of the apostles, and the conversion of many believers. Therefore, it would be unnecessary to await a more overt and glorious arrival. This is a spiritual kingdom, which, as St. Philaret of Moscow interpreted, takes root in the heart and is found in vibrant faith, steadfast trust, a clear conscience, and divine love.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 23 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. Ἐπερωτηθεὶς
    eperōtētheis
    I interrogate
    G1905 · ἐπερωτάω
  2. δὲ
    de
    but
    G1161 · δέ
  3. ὑπὸ
    hypo
    by
    G5259 · ὑπό
  4. τῶν
    tōn
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  5. Φαρισαίων
    pharisaiōn
    a Pharisee
    G5330 · Φαρισαῖος
  6. πότε
    pote
    when
    G4219 · πότε
  7. ἔρχεται
    erchetai
    I come
    G2064 · ἔρχομαι
  8. ἡ
    hē
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  9. βασιλεία
    basileia
    kingship
    G932 · βασιλεία
  10. τοῦ
    tou
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  11. Θεοῦ
    theou
    God
    G2316 · θεός
  12. ἀπεκρίθη
    apekrithē
    I answer
    G611 · ἀποκρίνω
  13. αὐτοῖς
    autois
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  14. καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  15. εἶπεν
    eipen
    to say
    G2036 · ἔπω, ἐρῶ, εἶπον
  16. Οὐκ
    ouk
    no
    G3756 · οὐ
  17. ἔρχεται
    erchetai
    I come
    G2064 · ἔρχομαι
  18. ἡ
    hē
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  19. βασιλεία
    basileia
    kingship
    G932 · βασιλεία
  20. τοῦ
    tou
    the
    G3588 · ὁ
  21. Θεοῦ
    theou
    God
    G2316 · θεός
  22. μετὰ
    meta
    with
    G3326 · μετά
  23. παρατηρήσεως
    paratērēseōs
    observation
    G3907 · παρατήρησις