The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 101 (100):8Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

In the morning I put to death all the wicked of the land: that I might cut off all the workers of iniquity from the city of the Lord.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

לַבְּקָרִ֗ים אַצְמִ֥ית כָּל־רִשְׁעֵי־אָ֑רֶץ לְהַכְרִ֥ית מֵֽעִיר־יְ֝הוָ֗ה כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 9 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Consider the following statements. "In the morning, I will overcome all the unrighteous of the earth, so that I may remove from the city of the Lord all who practice wickedness." These utterances allude to a vision of the coming age. Indeed, while the present era is likened to night, the future age will dawn as day, as the wise Apostle Paul remarks, "The night is past, but the day is at hand" (Rom. 13:12); thus, the morning symbolizes the emergence of the eternal light that the righteous will embrace. On that daybreak, the Lord shall confront sinners, casting them away into everlasting fire. This reflects the fate of the wicked, as the Saviour states, "Fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna" (Matthew 10:28).

Read more (79 words)

Therefore, "in the morning, I will overcome all the unrighteous of the earth, so that I may remove from the city of the Lord," that is, from the heavenly Jerusalem, "all who practice wickedness," for only the righteous will dwell in it, inheriting the eternal kingdom, which may be ours as well, provided we lead a life that is pleasing and holy before Him, in Christ Jesus our Lord. To Him belongs glory and sovereignty, forever and ever. Amen.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

In this psalm, we must explore its entirety to understand the message conveyed in verse 1: "Grace and judgment I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." Let no one deceive themselves into thinking they will escape God’s discipline due to His mercy; judgment is also a reality. Yet those who experience transformation should not fear the Lord's judgment, as mercy precedes it. Human judgment can sometimes lack true justice, appearing to possess mercy at its core; and at other times, strict judgment can come at the expense of compassion. However, God maintains the integrity of His judgment even within His generous mercy, and His mercy does not diminish the reality of His judgment.

Read more (1133 words)

Let us consider the timing of mercy and judgment as potentially significant; it is no coincidence that the order is "mercy and judgment" rather than "judgment and mercy." In this framework, our current existence is characterized as a time of mercy, with the future being designated for judgment. Why do we experience mercy first? Reflect on God's nature to understand how we may emulate the Father. He allows His sun to shine on both the wicked and the righteous and sends rain equally to both. This is an act of mercy. When we observe that both righteous and sinful individuals enjoy the same sunlight, water, and bountiful harvests, let us not consider it unjust on God's part to give generously to both. This is a time of mercy, not judgment. If God had not first offered pardon, there would be no one to crown with judgment. Thus, we live in a time of mercy as God's forbearance calls sinners to repentance.

Consider how the Apostle delineates these periods: "Do you think, O man, that judges those who do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?" And if we might respond, "But I commit these sins daily and suffer no consequences," the Apostle reveals the time of mercy: "Do you despise the riches of His goodness and forbearance?" Indeed, he chastises those who underestimate them, emphasizing that "the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance." While this speaks of the present grace, the Apostle warns that such grace is not eternal. The warning continues: "Thou shalt store up for thyself wrath for the day of wrath." There is mercy, and there is judgment. Judgment should only evoke fear in those who do wrong due to its consequences, yet it should inspire love in the righteous for the rewards that await.

The Apostle brings mercy and judgment to light, instilling fear in the wicked while providing hope for the good. He exemplifies the time of grace found in his own life—a blasphemer and persecutor transformed and pardoned. "In me, Christ Jesus might show all longsuffering," he asserts, giving hope to all who would believe in Him for eternal life. This demonstrates Christ’s ability to manifest all patience, encouraging every sinner to feel hopeful of mercy.

Did Paul alone merit this grace? Just as his admonition instills fear, his testimony provides encouragement. He confidently states, "The Lord, the righteous Judge, will reward me," adding, "And not to me only, but to all who love His appearing." Thus, dear brothers and sisters, we exist in a time of mercy; let us not be complacent in the thought that "God's mercy endures forever."

"I will sing to the harp, and gain understanding without fault," declares the psalmist. To truly comprehend, we must sing with integrity before God—meaning we must work joyfully in His service. What does “a blameless way” entail? The psalmist clarifies: "I walked in innocence in the midst of my house." Innocence begins and ends this path. Seek not to complicate, but simply be innocent, attaining righteousness.

But who is innocent? The one who does no harm to others or to themselves. Some may claim, "I have robbed no one, I oppress no one," while indulging themselves, living lavishly without concern. However, if such a person corrupts their own being, how can they expect mercy upon others? Can a person who is cruel to themselves extend mercy to others? True righteousness boils down to one essence—innocence. He who loves immorality ultimately despises their own soul. The one who desires to harm another first harms their own being, as evil only leads to constriction, while innocence allows for openness.

"Innocently I walked in my heart's purity, within my dwelling," speaks to a heart aligned with God. The house represents our heart, and the plea for innocence pertains to its sanctity. A heart tainted by guilt cannot find peace. Yet, those troubled seek solace in transient pleasures, trying to fill their longing with trivialities, missing the peace that comes from a clear conscience.

"I have not set any wicked thing before my eyes," the psalmist declares. This signifies a rejection of evil and those engaging in faithlessness. When we walk with Christ, we must distance ourselves not only from external evildoers but also from those within. A person is identified as unfaithful if they neglect God's commandments and adhere to worldly ways. It is essential to approach infidelity with a heart that loves the individual but detests the sin that ensnares them.

The psalmist continues, "The wicked heart did not cling to me." A heart aligned with God is not swayed by evil. If one experiences misfortune and questions God, they reveal an unjust perspective. God acts righteously, yet some perceive Him as unfair simply because they refuse to acknowledge their own sinfulness.

When wickedness leaves a person, they may not recognize it, indicating a lack of approval toward ungodly behavior. God is aware of the righteous and the unrighteous, and at the end, His declaration will reveal that those apart from His standards are not recognized by Him. This signifies that they are outside of His kingdom rather than indicating His ignorance.

The psalmist avows, "Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor, him I pursue." This highlights the pursuit of righteousness against sin, declaring that he does not indulge the proud or the greedy. Yet, one may wonder at the instances when Jesus dined with sinners and the proud. The key distinction lies in their awareness of their condition—the humble, seeking healing, and recognizing their fallibility.

Moreover, we must discern the feasts we join. Paul teaches that those who seek to harm others feast on the bitterness of their envy and jealousy. Thus, when we encounter divisions among brethren, we must approach them with love, seeking their restoration and repentance without associating with their iniquity.

The righteous and the proud may both host feasts, but their outcomes differ. The righteous feast on the joy and satisfaction of goodness, while the proud find their contentment in others’ downfalls. As the psalmist reflects, "I have not dwelt in pride amid my dwelling." The proud cannot share space with the humble; righteous hearts cultivate unity through meekness.

At day's dawn, the psalmist resolves to eliminate all wickedness from the Lord’s land, hinting at His mercy present in our time yet progressing toward inevitable judgment. This indicates a future reckoning when God’s grace gives way to justice.

He spares the wicked until the appointed time, for it is the night of mercy. It is the time when God embodies patience, awaiting the potential transformation of hearts. Those who refuse to repent will ultimately face accountability. Therefore, in this season of mercy, God calls us through His Word, urging transformation while reminding us of the coming judgment.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Vautria confronted all the wicked people of the world. He refers to 'wicked' as the malevolent thoughts that he kept in check through his morning prayers and his constant pursuit of God. You shall be consumed by the divine judgment of the Lord, all who commit unrighteousness. 'The judgment of the Lord' pertains to the sacred spirit, in line with the words, “glorious things have been spoken of thee, O hail of God” (Psalm 86:3).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Caution! This text has been translated from English rather than from the original source. From early morning, I will eradicate all the wicked from the earth. It is rightly stated, "the wicked of the earth," for those who sin are undeniably bound to the earth. This signifies that the enticements the devil presents to me are to be rejected from my heart, and I will not yield to such enslavement. When evil thoughts are expelled, the demons are vanquished. The Jewish people, upon hearing this verse and adhering to the letter that brings death (2 Cor. 3:6), zealously took the lives of all who violated the law. In fact, their thirst for blood led them not only to slay the prophets but also to crucify the Lord Himself, aiming to eliminate all who practiced wrongdoing from the city of God.

Read more (72 words)

If only we could rid the household of the Lord of all who commit iniquity! The household of the Lord refers to the congregation of the saints, the assembly of the righteous. "And I will root out" - I will admonish and discipline the sinner so that they may turn and cleanse all wickedness from their heart, for the prophet did not declare that the guilty one must inevitably be cast away.

The psalmist aptly described those who engage in wrongdoing as "the sinners of the earth." I sought to convey that I rejected the schemes of the adversary aimed at me, refusing to allow them into my heart. By dispelling these malevolent thoughts, I rendered the demons powerless. The Jewish leaders, upon hearing this passage and interpreting it literally, sought to spill blood and ultimately condemned the one who transgressed the law. Their actions were not limited to persecuting the prophets; they even crucified the Lord Himself. "That they might destroy out of the city of God all them that do iniquity." Oh, how I wish we could rid it of those who commit such deeds! The dwelling place of God is the Church of the saints, the congregation of the righteous. To "destroy" signifies my denunciation of sin and my call for the sinner to repent and eradicate wickedness from their heart. The psalmist did not state, "that I may overthrow."

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

This is evident from historical accounts, as King Josiah executed all the corrupt priests and purified the sacred city. Those seeking further details about the righteousness of this man can refer to the Second Book of Chronicles and the Fourth Book of Kings.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

In the early hours, I confront all sinners inhabiting the earth. This statement, he asserts, is not made while under the influence of wine or during moments of anger, when one’s judgment may be clouded, but rather when I was clear-headed and vigilant. I engaged in spiritual warfare, targeting those within my reach, not all at once but gradually, addressing various issues as guided by the teachings of the divine Isidore. With a pure heart and mind, I prepared myself against those who have transgressed against God, remaining free from the delusions brought on by drunkenness or fury.

Read more (478 words)

I endeavored to cleanse the city of the Lord of all who commit iniquity, bringing judgment upon the sinners to demonstrate the severity of their punishment, instilling a sense of humility among the lawless, as indicated by the divine Maximus. In the most profound sense, the earth symbolizes the body and its associated elements, as well as the physical form itself. Even within the confines of such earthly existence, sinful thoughts prevail. As David expresses, following the arrival of dawn or the illumination of the Holy Spirit within my spirit, which signifies the mental morning, I subdued all desires of the flesh and worldly inclinations. By "hail," I refer to the soul, which, as St. Athanasius describes, is the dwelling of the Holy Spirit.

The esteemed Basil reminds us that these words hold a deeper, more mysterious significance; they do not imply that at the start of each day I stained my hands with human blood, as that would not only be sinful but also incredible. So, what is the intended meaning? Let us pay close attention to avoid misinterpreting the prophetic message. The Lord embodies the essence of humanity. The sinners on earth comprise those wicked thoughts from which the Savior states evil arises from the heart. These thoughts, stemming from our earthly existence, are eradicated by one who seeks purification. Therefore, the early hours signify the time when all who harbor unrighteous thoughts should be eradicated; if the initial stirrings of the soul towards sin are not addressed, those thoughts will inevitably lead to action. David conveys that through morning prayers and a steadfast presence before God, I restrained sinful and passionate thoughts birthed from the earthly body and worldly matters; through the enlightenment gained from confession, I cleansed and expelled bodily desires and unrighteous thoughts from my heart, which acts as the city of the Lord, the sanctuary of the Holy Spirit.

Maximus the Theotokos instructs that we are called not only to vanquish bodily passions but also to dismantle the fervent thoughts within our souls. For the sinners of the earth manifest as bodily passions, while those who persist in wrongdoing fall prey to destructive thoughts, as stated: I confronted sinners to eliminate the lawless. Morning, as interpreted by Apollinarius, symbolizes fervor and diligence, reflecting the words: and the Lord God the Father sent them by the hands of His prophets, remaining watchful from the morning while dispatching His angels (2 Chron. 36:15). The annihilation of the wicked is just; as it is commanded, remove the wicked from among you. Isychius elaborates on the city of God, the dwelling place of all the saints, emphasizing that it is beneficial for the righteous to be shielded from the presence of sinners, eliminating any possibility of harm arising from interaction. In teaching on the Song of Songs, it is stated: all thoughts that engage in iniquity.

Isidore of Pelusium

5th centuryChurch Father

The Psalmist declares, "In the morning I beat all sinful things of the earth," which illustrates the unwavering nature, precision, and seriousness of divine justice. This emphasizes that neither annoyance nor inebriation led him to be disturbed. If his wrath was inflamed yesterday, the passing of night calmed it; and if he was heavily intoxicated in the evening, slumber had greatly alleviated that state. Thus, with pure hands and a clear mind, he prepared himself to confront those who transgressed before God.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Through these statements, he demonstrates his fervor for God and for the sacred city of God. In this way, he showed compassion to the righteous inhabitants of the city, freeing them from the tyranny of the powerful while delivering justice to the wicked whom he condemned to death after careful judgment. Additionally, this was done swiftly, preventing evil from taking root. The experiences recounted in the life of David resonate even more profoundly within the kingdom of Christ, especially this concluding verse. Although David sought to eradicate the wrongdoing from the Lord's city, he was never able to eliminate them entirely. However, Christ, in the age to come, will completely vanquish all who commit iniquity, so that the heavenly city of Jerusalem will rightfully embody its name, the vision of peace.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.