The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 130 (129):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

For with thee there is merciful forgiveness: and by reason of thy law, I have waited for thee, O Lord. My soul hath relied on his word:

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

כִּֽי־עִמְּךָ֥ הַסְּלִיחָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן תִּוָּרֵֽא׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

What does it signify when we say, 'for Thou hast purification'? It is not due to our merits, but rather because of Your grace that we are able to avoid condemnation, as our salvation from judgment relies on Your incarnation. Failing to honor it means that our deeds cannot shield us from impending wrath. To illustrate this point, God declares through the prophet, 'I, I Myself, blot out your offences for My own sake, and I will not remit your sins' (Isaiah 43:25). This indicates that it is the work of My goodness and My incarnation; your actions alone will never free you from punishment unless they are joined with My humanity. Furthermore, God states, 'I have created and will carry, sustain, and protect you' (Isaiah 46:4).

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Out of the depths I called to You, O Lord; let Your ears be attentive to my cry. Psalm 130:1. Jonah called out from the deep into the belly of the fish. Jonah 2:2 He was submerged beneath the waves and also trapped within the creature, yet neither the tumultuous water nor the confines of the beast hindered his prayer from ascending to God, nor could the belly of the fish silence his voice. It is proclaimed that, transcending all barriers, his plea reached God's ears, for God's ears reside in the heart of the one who prays. For where is God absent when His voice remains faithful? However, we must also recognize from which depths we cry out to Him. This earthly life is our depth.

Read more (1460 words)

He who acknowledges his position in the abyss cries out, groans, and sighs until he is brought forth from the depths and approaches Him who reigns above all depths. Those who dwell deep in the abyss are such that they do not even utter a cry for help. The Scriptures state, "When the wicked reaches the depths of evil, he despises." Proverbs 18:3 Therefore, brethren, contemplate the abyss where God is disdained. When every person feels overwhelmed by daily transgressions—encumbered by the burdens of iniquity—they dismiss the idea of praying to God with laughter. How does this laughter manifest? First, they might think, "If offenses were truly detestable to God, would I still be alive?" If God were indeed concerned with human actions, given the gravity of my offenses, I surely would not only have continued living but also prospered. This attitude is typical for those who dwell in the abyss yet thrive in their iniquities; for illusory joy ultimately leads to profound misfortune.

O Lord, hear my voice. Let Thine ears be attentive to the sound of my pleas. Psalm 130:2. Where does he find himself crying out? From the deep. Who is making this cry? A transgressor. And on what basis does he express his despair? Because He who has come to forgive sins offers hope even to those lost in their transgressions. Following this thought, "If You, O Lord, keep a close watch on wrongs, O Lord, who could stand?" Psalm 130:3. Thus, he reveals the nature of his depths. For he is submerged under the weight of his iniquities. He does not assert, "I cannot endure it," but rather, "Who can endure it?" He perceives that nearly all of humanity is beset on all sides by its sins, that every conscience bears the burden of its thoughts, and that a pure heart trusting in its righteousness is nearly impossible to find.

Yet, why is there hope? Because there is atonement with You. Psalm 130:4. And what constitutes this atonement but sacrifice? And what is sacrifice but an offering made on our behalf? The spilt blood of the innocent has erased the sins of the guilty; such a tremendous cost has liberated all captives from the grip of their captor. You therefore have atonement. If You had not shown mercy, if You had chosen only to judge and refused to exhibit kindness, You would have scrutinized all our wrongdoings and laid them bare. Who could withstand it? Who could come before You and declare, "I am blameless"? Who could oppose Your judgement? Therefore, there exists but one hope: “For the sake of Your law I have become the voice that proclaims You, O Lord.” What law? The one that renders humanity guilty. The law, which is holy, just, and good, Romans 7:12, was bestowed upon the Jews and in its wake, it rendered them guilty. There was no law given that could impart life, Galatians 3:21, yet it could reveal the sinner's sins. For the sinner has lost sight of himself and does not see his true condition; the law was granted to him that he might regain his vision. It was the law that branded him guilty, yet it is the Lawgiver who liberates him; for the Lawgiver is the Supreme Authority.

There exists, therefore, a law of God's mercy, a law of divine propitiation. One is the law of fear, and the other the law of love. The law of love grants forgiveness of sins, erases the past, and gives warnings for the future; it does not abandon its companion along the way, becoming a steadfast guide to those it directs. However, it is vital to negotiate with the adversary while you remain in his path. Matthew 5:25 For the Word of God stands as your adversary until you reconcile with it. You find reconciliation when you begin to delight in doing what it commands. In that moment, the adversary becomes your ally; and when the journey concludes, no one shall deliver you to the Judge. Thus, for the sake of Your law, I have waited upon You, O Lord, for You have delighted in instituting the law of mercy, forgiving me all my offenses, offering me guidance for the future that I might not transgress.

For the sake of this law, I place my trust in You, Lord. I have waited for You to come and rescue me from every affliction, for even in my distress You have never abandoned the law of mercy. My soul has anticipated Your Word.

Therefore, we place our trust without fear in the promise of Him who cannot deceive. My soul has had faith in the Lord from the morning watch until the night. Psalm 130:5. The morning watch signifies the end of the night. It is important to grasp this concept lest we think we should only trust in Him for a single day. What is meant by this, dear brethren? The implication is that the Lord, through whom our sins are absolved, rose from the dead at dawn, that we might hope for the same resurrection to manifest in us. For our sins are indeed forgiven, yet we have not yet experienced resurrection; if we have not risen, what was accomplished in our Head awaits fulfillment in us. What was accomplished in our Head? The flesh of that Head has been resurrected; did the Spirit of that Head also die? That which perished in Him has been restored. Thus, He rose on the third day, as if He were saying to us, “What you have witnessed in Me, hope for yourselves; in other words, since I have conquered death, you too shall rise.”

However, there are those who assert, "Behold, the Lord is risen," yet wonder whether they too should hope for resurrection. Indeed, that is precisely the reason: for the Lord has risen in that which He has taken from you. He would not have risen unless He had experienced death, and He could not have died without taking on flesh. What did the Lord seek from you? Flesh. What was He who came Himself? The Word of God, the pre-existent source through which all things were created. Yet, to gain something from you, the Word became flesh and dwelt among us. He took from you all that He could present to you, as a priest accepts offerings to seek propitiation for your sins. It has already been accomplished; it has been done in this manner. Our Priest has taken from us what He could offer for our sake; He received from us flesh and became a sacrifice in that very flesh, transforming it into an offering. In His Passion, He was sacrificed; in His Resurrection, He has renewed what was slain, presenting it as His offspring unto God. He says to you, “All of yourselves are now sanctified, for such offspring from you have been offered unto God; therefore, hope that what has transpired in you shall mirror what has occurred before with your offspring.”

Since He rose at the dawn, our souls have begun to hope from that moment forward: but how long will it continue? Unto the night; until we reach the end of our earthly existence, for even our physical death is, in essence, a slumber.

And he reiterates, “From the morning watch let Israel hope in the Lord.” Let Israel not merely place its hope in God but do so from the morning watch. Do I take issue with the hope that the world places in the Lord? No; however, there exists another hope that belongs to Israel. Let Israel not set its sights on wealth as its ultimate aim, nor on physical health, nor on an abundance of worldly possessions: it will indeed encounter tribulation here, if it endures trials for the sake of truth.

For the Lord is merciful, and His redemption is boundless. Psalm 130:7. How marvelous! This sentiment could not have been better articulated elsewhere, especially with the phrase, "From the morning watch." Why? Because the Lord has arisen at dawn; and thus the flesh should hope for what transpired in the Head. But should such a thought come to mind: the Head arose because He bore no sins, and there was no fault found in Him; what then should we do? Should we aspire to a resurrection akin to that witnessed in the Lord while burdened with our sins? But observe what follows: "And He shall redeem Israel from all their sins." Psalm 130:8. Therefore, although He bore their sins, the mercy of God attends to him. Divine mercy precedes, erasing the sins of those who follow Him. Do not place your hope in yourselves, but hope in the One who watches over the dawn.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

You share in human experience with truth, and it is Your nature to take the position of the last rather than the first. You are united with righteousness in humanity, and it is Your tendency to be guided more by the latter than by the former.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Although you possess purification. The term "Iako" (Greek) serves as a substitute for "indeed." Truly, He declares, O Lord, You embody condescension and genuine forgiveness; hence, You are compassionate and merciful, not overly harsh in judging the transgressions of humankind. As the golden saint points out, our salvation does not hinge on our actions but rather on Your divine goodness; it is through Your mercy that we are saved from punishment. This truth was also proclaimed by the prophet: "I am He who cleanses your iniquities" (Isaiah 43:25), indicating that the work of cleansing stems from My essence, My grace, My humanity. Consequently, your efforts alone are insufficient to free you from punishment, unless they are complemented by what arises from My humanity.

Read more (41 words)

Origen asserts that Christ is the means of atonement for iniquity that lies with the Lord; for He Himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, not just for ours, but for the sins of the entire world (1 John 2:2).

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The prophet articulates the essence of his plea, which is that God would respond to him not with strict justice but with boundless mercy. However, he does not merely present his request; to temper any audacity, he introduces a rationale for why God might consider his appeal. He asserts: Lord, should You bear the transgressions of humanity, it would lead to the condemnation of all. Yet, it is not within Your infinite goodness to condemn every individual without exception. Therefore, I should not be deemed too forward when I ask You to pardon my sins and to lift me mercifully from this abyss into which sin has cast me.

Read more (66 words)

To demonstrate his understanding of God’s immense mercy, he expresses hope for forgiveness and salvation despite the weight and number of his transgressions, saying, "For Thou hast cleansing." It implies: Lord, while no one can endure Your scrutiny of our wrongdoings, I, aware of Your inherent mercy, recognize that true cleansing can only be found in You; thus, I sincerely anticipate receiving forgiveness for my sins.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm is appropriately viewed as the prayer of supplication and repentance from the Babylonian exiles. The individuals for whom the psalmist intercedes (cf. v. 6) find themselves in profound anguish, fully aware that they have brought this upon themselves. In their anguish, he earnestly implores the Lord to listen and assist him (vv. 1-2). Although the people have indeed earned their suffering and may seem unworthy of aid due to their transgressions, had the Lord chosen to hold every offense against humanity, not even the most devoted would be able to stand before Him (v. 3).

Read more (281 words)

The imagery of deep waters serves as a metaphor for immense disaster, symbolizing not only the turmoil brought about by sin but also the external tribulations into which wickedness has led them, representing both inner turmoil and exterior hardship. Yet, this perspective does not hold fully, as implied in v. 3. The Lord is a God who cleanses transgressions (Thou hast purification) and has bestowed upon His people the law, establishing a covenant that assures He will not completely forsake them—despite their sins—yet will discipline them in mercy. This promise is tied to the phrase, “for your sake” - ενεκεν του ονοματος σου, which likely comes from ενεκεν του νόμου σου, similarly rendered in the Vulgate as propter legum tuam. In the past, the Jewish people believed they could not be abandoned by God as long as the temple, their sanctuary, stood in Jerusalem. However, after its destruction, they realized that the law remained their unique distinction and foundation, naturally leading them to place all their hope in its possession.

Israel confidently and patiently relies on the Lord, specifically for the assistance they seek, particularly since He has assured through the prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, etc.)—as noted in the promise of "thy word" in v. 4—that He would again show mercy to His people following their trials. Therefore, even in their current lamentable condition, they should not lose heart nor fail to maintain their hope in the Lord from morning till evening (v. 5), for He is compassionate and boundless in His resources and methods for our salvation (He has much deliverance). Without a doubt, He will absolve the people of Israel of their transgressions and, in turn, their punishment (v. 6).

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

In this psalm, the revered David conveys the heartfelt prayer of humanity, expressing remorse for sins from the depths of a contrite spirit, imploring God, the embodiment of love, for redemption through the grace of Christ the Lord, both from the abyss of sin and from all temporal and eternal tribulations. This psalm stands as the sixth of the penitential psalms. With genuine repentance, the penitent soul cries out for salvation, much like Adam who called out from the depths of despair to Christ the Saviour. God's attentive ears signify His understanding and compassion. Had God not exhibited patience with the sinner, waiting for repentance, that soul would have perished, for cleansing from sin is impossible without divine mercy.

Read more (203 words)

The faithful endure trials for the glory of Christ, in anticipation of future blessings and for the promise of salvation. The soul that places its trust in the word of the Lord deserves all admiration for its steadfastness, as seen in its faithfulness, dedicated efforts, fasting, renunciation of material possessions and loved ones, the pursuit of purity, persistent prayer, and the realization of God's will. The ancients conceived of the night as divided into watches. Soldiers segmented the night into four watches, each lasting three hours, designating the last watch before dawn as the morning watch. Thus, the phrase ‘from the morning watch to the night’ encapsulates the entirety of the day, in which unwavering trust in the Lord is essential. Illumined by the Spirit, Saint David instructs that one should strive for salvation and place faith in the Lord continuously from youth through old age. By encompassing both morning and night, the prophet illustrates a daily cycle, emphasizing that not a single hour should pass without placing trust in the Lord. The Grace of the Lord signifies the incarnation of Christ, which has brought profound salvation to humankind. Israel refers to those who believe in Christ, who rescue them through His blood.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.