The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 141 (140):9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Keep me from the snare, which they have laid for me, and from the stumblingblocks of them that work iniquity.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

שָׁמְרֵ֗נִי מִ֣ידֵי פַ֭ח יָ֣קְשׁוּ לִ֑י וּ֝מֹקְשׁ֗וֹת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

In this context, he refers not just to schemes but to insidious and concealed plots that are challenging to defend against and identify, necessitating divine assistance. Consequently, he wraps up his discourse with a prayer, mirroring the way he initiated it. He illustrates his reliance on the Lord, an unwavering appeal to God, a departure from wicked associations, and a disdain for their immoral cravings. From God flows the support, guidance, and fortitude necessary to transcend the most trying situations. This exemplifies how righteousness is achieved—when our efforts align with divine aid.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Psalm we have just sung may seem unclear in many areas. However, with the Lord's guidance, as its meaning is revealed, you'll recognize truths you already grasp. This variation in expression serves to refresh our perception of the truth.

"Lord, I have cried unto Thee, hear me" (Psalm 140:1). This cry is not solely mine but is echoed by all of Christ. It is uttered on behalf of His Body; even He, while in human form, prayed. In His prayers, blood-soaked tears emerged from His entire Body, as recorded in the Gospel: "Jesus prayed fervently, and His sweat was like great drops of blood" (Luke 22:44). The sweat that poured from Him symbolizes the suffering experienced by all the martyrs of the Church.

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"Hear the voice of my prayer as I cry out to You." When you proclaimed, "I have cried unto Thee," you may have believed your weeping was finished. Yet, if tribulation continues, lamentation persists; if the Church, the Body of Christ, endures suffering to the end, we must both proclaim: "I have cried unto Thee," and implore, "Hear the voice of my prayer."

"Let my prayer be before Thy eyes as incense, and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice" (Psalm 140:2). Every believer understands this may reflect the Head of the Church Himself. For as twilight approached, the Lord, crucified, surrendered His life only to reclaim it, as affirmed in "I lay down my life, that I may take it again" (John 10:17). Therefore, we too find our place in this sacrifice. On the Cross, Jesus bore our shared burden as He cried out in agony, "Why hast Thou forsaken Me?" This moment of evening sacrifice embodies His Passion, His Cross—a sacrificial offering pleasing to God. The evening sacrifice led to the morning offering in His Resurrection. A prayer rising from a sincere heart ascends like incense from the holy altar, and the fragrance of the Lord is the most delightful aroma that any believer may possess.

"Put, O Lord, a guard before my mouth, and a door of restraint round about my lips" (Psalm 140:3). He did not say a barrier of restraint but a door, which opens and closes. Hence, let it be both; open for confessing sin and closed against justifying it. Thus, it serves as a restraint, not for destruction. What purpose does this restraint fulfill? What does Christ request on behalf of His Body? "May You not turn away My heart to evil words" (Psalm 140:4). What is "My heart"? It represents the heart of His Church, the heart of His Body.

When your heart refuses to stray, you, a member of Christ, avoiding the trap of malice or justifications for sin, will no longer align with those who excuse themselves. The continuation states: "And I will not be united with their elect." Who are their elect? Those who defend themselves. Their chosen ones are those who regard themselves as righteous while holding contempt for others, reminiscent of the Pharisee who proclaimed, "Lord, I thank You that I am not like other men" (Luke 18:11). The text also reflects the critical view of those who fail to recognize Christ's true compassion, such as the Pharisee who questioned regarding the sinful woman at Jesus’ feet (Luke 7:39).

Even this woman, should her heart divert toward wicked words, would lack the means to justify her sins. Indeed, women comparable in guilt but not in confession often defend their wrongdoings daily. They deny their deeds if unobserved, yet if caught in sin, they defend their actions. How common is their defense—deceptive yet audacious! They may claim, "If God had not willed it, I could not have done it." This is the defense spoken by the world’s elect. But let the members of Christ proclaim, "Do not let my heart be turned to evil words," reiterating, "I will not be united with their elect."

With those who practice wickedness, we can name some of their sinful acts. For instance, they assert that being a usurer is preferable to being a farmer, citing reasons that serve their interests. The provider of sustenance becomes a nuisance to them. They choose to commit real injustices under the guise of avoiding figments of wrongdoing while neglecting to care for the hungry. What greater unrighteousness could be found in this twisted righteousness? We see the unwillingness to share bread with the needy stems from a misguided desire to keep their possessions, which are attributed to God.

These "chosen" believe they are not in need of charity, for their devotion to self-proclaimed enlightenment leads them to claim that their purity is achieved through faith, psalms, and prayers—their so-called salvation through themselves rather than through the Savior. Such derision toward the marginalized leads to the morbid tragedy of someone suffering hunger while supposed mercy is exercised for the sake of a single crumb.

"The righteous shall correct me with mercy, and reprove me" (Psalm 140:5). This verse captures the heart of a repentant sinner who seeks correction tempered with compassion, not deceitful accolades. One who reproaches in lovingkindness is valued, for "rebuke a wise man, and he will love you" (Proverbs 9:8). The righteous man reproves in mercy, judging in compassion, ensuring that flattery does not corrupt the head.

You may express your frustration: "What am I to do?" Flattery surrounds me, and they incessantly praise what I do not value while disparaging what I hold dear. This is typical of the manipulators to whom we must remain alert. He may be deemed great in learning, wisdom, or reputation, but that does not justify his Christianity. Like those who praise what is despicable while condemning what is truly virtuous, these servants of iniquity seek to enthrone their values over genuine faith.

When trials arise, many may waver, as evidenced by Peter, who once fervently declared loyalty to Christ but faltered when faced with persecution. This echoes the predicament of believers who may feel isolated, yet in our tribulations, we can affirm hope. "For unto Thee, O Lord, are my eyes; in Thee have I hoped, Thou wilt not take away my life" (Psalm 140:8).

In the face of persecution, many endured suffering, some failing under pressure. As such, the voice of a prayerful heart remains pervasive, focused more on God’s assurances than earthly threats. "Keep me from the trap they set for me" (Psalm 140:9). The traps symbolize temptations to abandon the path of faith for the fleeting pleasures of this life. Yet if one steers clear of ensnaring words, they can avoid destruction.

"Sinners shall fall into his net" (Psalm 140:10). Not all sinners will succumb, but those who prioritize the temporal over the eternal will ensnare themselves. Remember, even Christ's closest disciples faltered during His crucifixion, feeling abandoned. Yet victory arises through steadfastness and the promise of support given by Him to those who endure to the end.

"I am alone until I pass over." This signifies not just solitary suffering but a hope that follows the sacrificial depth of obedience unto death. The grain must fall to yield life; thus, Christ, in dying, paves the way for many to follow Him in eternal life.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

It is often heretics or malevolent spirits who ensnare us. Virtues are closely associated with vices. They ensnare me during acts of charity; if I extend my hand for others to see, intending to perform good deeds, I fall into passion and transgression. When I offer my cloak to my brother for the sake of others’ observation, it becomes a snare for me. The deer are consistently trapped and caught, leading the hunter along a trail of its tracks. The deer symbolizes the saints, as it is tall, possesses magnificent antlers, and conquers serpents. Thus, it is stated, “He that maketh my feet like a deer's” (Psalm 17:34). This figure exhibits such strength that he draws serpents from their hiding places with the breath of his nostrils and consumes them.

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Consequently, the serpents, representing demons, tempt us on our paths, wherever we go: in the practice of virtue, in acts of charity, prompting us to perform them before others for vain glory, in fasting, in prayer, and in wearing garments intended for public display. It is appropriate for one who dons the robe to grieve for his sins rather than to boast or display his piety before others. “And from the temptation of them that do iniquity.” In essence, let me not fall into sin.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The Prophet referred to these snares and allurements in the earlier psalm. He identifies these 'nets' and 'enticements' as the wicked actions from which he earnestly seeks liberation.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Rescue me from the snare crafted by my adversaries and from the temptations of those who commit wickedness. Deliver me, declares the Lord, from danger, and raise me above the trap laid by my foes, as well as from the obstacles set in my path by those who pursue wrongdoing. He refers to the snare and the obstacles as the schemes of Saul and other foes.

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

In this world, we observe fishermen casting their nets into the waters, seeking to capture fish. Similarly, the devil and his minions have laid out numerous traps for us, O Christian, all around us. These snares are dispersed within our homes, along our paths, in cities and towns, in desolate places, in both land and sea. They are concealed within our food and drink, within indulgence and pleasure. They lurk in the allure of honor and wealth. They manifest in our words and in our silence, in what we perceive and hear—hidden snares intended for our downfall and ruin. The multitude of his deceitful traps is staggering, as are his schemes and temptations against us. The number of his plots corresponds to the myriad dangers, trials, and afflictions we face.

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Who among us can discern these concealed hazards and free ourselves from them? There are many traps, diverse indeed, lying in wait everywhere—hidden and invisible nets designed for our calamity! Who can detect and avoid them unless You, O Lord, reveal them and, with Your mighty right hand, guard us from harm? "Be sober, watch, because your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour" (1 Pet. 5:8). "He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. He shall say of the Lord, 'You are my refuge and my fortress, my God; in Him will I trust. For He shall deliver you from the snare" (Psalm 91:1-3). "To You, O Lord, I lift up my eyes; my trust is in You; do not take away my soul! Keep me from the snare which they have laid for me, and from the traps of evildoers" (Psalm 140:8-9). "In the path I walked, they hid a net for me. I looked to the right and found no one who knew me; there was nowhere to flee, and no one cared for my soul. I cried to You, O Lord: 'You are my hope, my portion in the land of the living. Hear my cry, for I am very low; deliver me from my persecutors, for they are stronger than I" (Psalm 141:4-6). "Preserve me, O Lord, from the wicked; deliver me from men of violence, who have conspired against me. The proud have hidden a net for my feet; they have woven a snare for my steps, placing traps in my path. I have cried to the Lord: 'You are my God; hear, O Lord, the voice of my supplication! O Lord, my salvation, You have covered my head in the day of battle. Do not grant me over to the wicked, forsaking my desires; they conspire against me, do not abandon me, lest they exalt themselves" (Psalm 140:4-9). "Do not deliver to beasts the soul that confesses to You" (Psalm 73:19). "Let me sing unto You a song of gratitude; blessed be the Lord, who has not given us as prey to their teeth! Our soul has been delivered like a bird from the fowler's snare; the net is broken, and we have escaped. Our help is in the name of the Lord, who made heaven and earth" (Psalm 124:6-8).

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In these verses, the speaker articulates his plea for deliverance from death, expressing his apprehension regarding the snares and temptations stemming from the evil conduct of unrighteous individuals. Conclusively, the psalm conveys that all devious and malevolent people will ultimately become ensnared in their own traps, or as indicated in the Hebrew text, in His nets, meaning that God captures the wise in their own shrewdness (1 Cor. 3:19). The subsequent phrase, “I am one, until I pass away,” extends beyond David himself, encompassing others of similar character, indicating that they will remain faithful to God as long as they transcend the confines of earthly existence.

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Through this, he reiterates his plea for salvation from death and his concern regarding the snares and temptations arising from the corrupt examples set by wicked individuals. Ultimately, the psalm asserts that all cunning and ungodly people will be ensnared in their own traps or, as the Hebrew reveals, in His nets, showcasing God’s role in ensnaring the wise in their own folly (1 Cor. 3:19). The phrase, “I am one, until I pass away,” serves to highlight not just David's position but also that of others like him, signifying their commitment to remain faithful to God while they navigate beyond the bounds of their earthly life.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.