The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 56 (55):7Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

They will dwell and hide themselves: they will watch my heel. As they have waited for my soul,

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

יָג֤וּרוּ ׀ יצפינו יִצְפּ֗וֹנוּ הֵ֭מָּה עֲקֵבַ֣י יִשְׁמֹ֑רוּ כַּ֝אֲשֶׁ֗ר קִוּ֥וּ נַפְשִֽׁי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

To exist in this world is akin to residing in a foreign land. The term “temporary residents” appropriately describes individuals who dwell outside their homeland. Every person in this life is a wanderer; we are enveloped in flesh, which obscures the essence of our hearts. Consequently, the apostle instructs us not to judge prematurely, but to await the Lord’s return, when He will illuminate the hidden things of darkness and unveil the intentions of the heart, and it is then that everyone will receive praise from God (1 Cor. 4:5). Until that time, during our earthly existence, each individual carries their own heart, and such hearts are largely isolated from one another.

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Furthermore, those who conspire against others often do so in secrecy; because in this transient state, their malice is concealed within their hearts. Why? Because they recognize that this life is not their true home. Let them conceal their intentions; what they hide will ultimately be brought to light, and they too will be unable to conceal themselves.

There exists another layer of meaning in this mystery that may warrant further exploration. Among those who have distanced themselves from the faithful, some pretend to be brethren, creating even more anguish within the body of Christ; they are not entirely avoided, as though they are complete strangers. However, let us not be dismayed by these individuals, dear brethren: I refuse to fear what the flesh can do to me. Even if they remain, infiltrate, feign friendship, or hide, they are still but flesh: place your hope in the Lord, for the flesh can do you no harm. Though it may bring trials and tribulations, it is akin to the process of crushing grapes to produce wine: your suffering will not be without purpose; one may observe you and find inspiration to endure, as you learn to withstand such challenges, just as your Head beheld that first cluster which drew man’s attention—the traitor Judas.

Thus, all who enter with deceitful hearts, wandering and concealing themselves, should not instill fear: the father of these pretenders, Judas, walked alongside your Lord, and He truly knew him; although Judas the traitor wandered and hid, his heart remained exposed to the Lord of all. Deliberately, He selected one whom He could use to comfort you, that you might discern whom to avoid. He could have chosen differently, knowing Judas’ nature; for He declared to His disciples, “Have I not chosen you twelve, and one of you is a devil?” (John 6:70). Therefore, even the devil was chosen. Had he not been chosen, how could He have called twelve when eleven would suffice? Judas was included, yet for a distinct purpose. The eleven were chosen for the mission of testing, while the devil served as the means of temptation. This was to provide you an example, so you might recognize those you should steer clear of as evil, those to be wary of as false and deceptive, wandering and hidden, had He not proclaimed, “Behold, I had one of those very men!” I bore an example previously: I desired to suffer, knowing it would offer you solace in your ignorance. What he did to me, he will also do to you; he may inflict many hardships and cause sorrow, offering false accusations along the way.

These individuals will take note of my missteps, watching for where one may falter. They seek to track me down to catch on the wrong foot, ready to accuse. Indeed, who walks without occasionally stumbling? One can easily misspeak in conversation; is it not written, “He who stumbles not in word, that man is perfect” (James 3:2)? Who among us would dare claim perfection? It is vital for everyone to falter at times. Those who linger in the shadows wish to scrutinize every word, hoping to entrap me with false accusations, yet in doing so, they ensnare themselves in their own traps before those they aim to entangle, leading to their own destruction.

Whatever good or truthful words I have spoken have been about God, and about God I have expressed them; it is possible I have spoken them as a man, but it was under God's guidance. God strengthens the faltering path, rebukes the straying soul, forgives those who confess, and restores those who stumble. You must take care how you judge others, for perhaps they may impart wisdom that benefits your soul. You may wonder how one so elusive in their speech can guide your healing. This might be the lesson for your well-being: do not become fixated on mere words, but instead cherish the commandments.

My soul has traversed this experience; I speak of what I have endured. In speaking as one who has survived, I lament, My soul has passed through trials. They will remain concealed. Let my spirit endure encounters with all manner of people—silent and secretive as they may be. Temptation may assail from outside, yet let it find me standing firm on the Rock; let it strike me, but not overthrow me; the house built upon the rock shall stand (Matthew 7:25). While threats may dwell inwardly, I shall stand firm against the trials that come, for I have been cleansed, while those who yield are broken.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

They will reside and conceal themselves: these will guard my heel. The term 'shall dwell' is understood as 'shall gather.' The implication of this expression is clear: throughout the day, they toiled, equipping themselves with words against me; all their intentions were aimed at me; they sought only to unite and orchestrate covert schemes against me. They did not cease there but closely monitored my heel, meaning my conduct, in hopes of discovering any chance to ensnare and bring me low. They have meticulously tracked my steps, wherever I tread, with the intent to seize me.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Symmachus provides a clearer translation: they conspired in secrecy and observed my movements, anticipating my soul. The Prophet employed these phrases to illustrate their schemes, traps, and machinations.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

They will reside and conceal themselves: these will guard my heel. He states that they will ensnare and hide a trap for me; they will closely monitor the path and progress of my life, seeking to ensnare me in their traps just as a hunter tracks the footprints of animals and ultimately ensnares them. In this way, David illustrates the various schemes employed by his adversaries against him. The message is clear: driven out of Jerusalem, the Jewish descendants become outcasts worldwide due to their transgressions against Christ. When questioned, they conceal the true reason and instead highlight other faults, omitting the sin against Christ. The Jews also track the heel, meaning they highlight what seems like minor sins.

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Consider what God said to the serpent: he will keep an eye on your head, and you will keep an eye on his heel; for we are instructed, above all, to guard against idolatry, while also avoiding other sins that may appear insignificant, as they too can be viewed as a heel. The enemy keeps watch over these, eager to accuse us before the judge for whatever sins we commit. Athanasius interpreted the phrase "will dwell" to mean that they will gather secretly to conspire against me, and to observe my heel, or the direction of my life, in order to set a trap and bring me down. Yet I have endured in my soul.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

He reveals the malicious nature of his adversaries, indicating that while they pretended to be his friends and acted with sincerity, they secretly plotted deceit. They entered his home under the guise of a friendly visit to watch his actions, planning their strategy to undermine him. Although the verbs are expressed in the future tense, in Hebrews they frequently serve as substitutes for the past tense. Concerning my soul, I have endured suffering.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

To fulfill the purpose of the law, which is found in Christ, and to exalt His divine majesty, this psalm ought to be recited. It speaks to those who were exiled from the times of Saul and David, as well as those who endured captivity in Babylon, separated from the sacred sites of Jerusalem. It also pertains to those today who find themselves distanced from the splendor of the heavenly Jerusalem in this earthly existence. The significance of this psalm, inspired by the Holy Spirit and attributed to David, merits inscription on a pillar or within the heart for everlasting remembrance, reflecting God's immense mercy towards humanity. This echoes the inscription on the Pillar of the Cross (Theodoret, Hilarion).

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It addresses those who are alienated from God due to the violation of His divine commandments. The essence of this psalm should be memorialized on a pillar or within the heart, commemorating the boundless love of God for humankind (Gregory of Nyssa). Throughout the day of Christ's Passion, the hosts of the Jews persistently reviled Him.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.