The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 84 (83):7Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

In the vale of tears, in the place which he hath set.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

עֹבְרֵ֤י ׀ בְּעֵ֣מֶק הַ֭בָּכָא מַעְיָ֣ן יְשִׁית֑וּהוּ גַּם־בְּ֝רָכ֗וֹת יַעְטֶ֥ה מוֹרֶֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

12 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 13 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

“Blessed is the man whom You defend, who has set his heart on the ascent” (Psalms 83:6). This is indeed just, for if he falls, he will rise; if he sins, he will be cleansed; even if he descends into despair, he will not face death. But listen: who is this man “who has determined in his heart to ascend”? How does this happen? “In the valley of weeping, to the appointed place, for... The giver of the law imparts this blessing” (Psalm 83:7). God does not discriminate; His assistance is available to all who seek Him. But how does one turn towards Him? Through the “valley of weeping,” which signifies repentance. Here, God provides sinners with the path to correction and salvation, declaring, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 4:17).

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The one who walks this path has “set his heart to ascend,” striving to climb from earth to heaven not in a single leap, but through many steps. This is why it is referred to as ascents, rather than a singular ascent. Indeed, various virtues are needed to emerge from this earthly realm and reach the divine. What are these virtues? “For the lawgiver will grant this blessing. They will ascend from strength to strength; the God of gods will appear for them in Zion” (Psalm 83:7-8). The prophet is referencing the commandments of the Gospel, in which many blessings are articulated—distinct beatitudes proclaimed by Christ. Those who heed them rise from one strength to another, transitioning from humility to sorrow for their transgressions, followed by meekness, tireless pursuit of righteousness, acts of charity, purity of heart, and finally, the virtue of peacemaking. The ultimate honor is persecution for Christ; those who attain perfection in this will behold God in Zion—in spiritual contemplation (Zion signifies contemplation). Thus, the pinnacle of the beatitudes is the vision of God, not as He fully is, but as He chooses to reveal Himself. It is worth noting that everything expressed here, beginning with the change of tone, can also be reflected in Peter: he was blessed when he received grace amidst his denial, which prevented him from slipping into despair, leading him instead to embrace repentance, “which he set in his heart as the ascent into the valley of weeping.” You are aware of how he wept, and how, receiving the blessings from the new lawgiver—Christ—he ascended from strength to strength: when he arrived at the resurrection site and viewed the veils, and upon encountering Christ, as testified by Luke, he was not content with just that, but strove for yet another ascent, to Zion, where again the God of gods—Christ—appeared to him, imparting blessing, offering peace to the disciples, and gifting them the Holy Spirit (Luke 14:12).

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Have you sought the summit? Then descend to find Him. Yet if you aspire to rise, strive upwards, but do not look for the mountain itself. “Ascents are in his heart,” as the psalm declares, “in the valley of weeping” (cf. Psalm 83:6-7). The valley is defined by what is beneath it. Therefore, harbor these thoughts within your heart. If you find yourself yearning for a lofty place, build within your spirit a sanctuary for God. For the dwelling place of God is sacred, and that dwelling is you (1 Cor. 3:17). Do you desire to pray in the sanctuary? Then pray within your being. First, become the dwelling of God, for He will listen to those who pray in His sanctuary.

This psalm carries the title "For the Sharpened." As you may have observed, dear friends, the text does not refer to any physical tools or structures such as a press, wine-basket, vat, or lathe. Its title raises questions about what it signifies; it cannot simply pertain to the literal lathes we are familiar with. Had the psalm mentioned such tangible references, one might assume it speaks solely of material lathes. However, given that it is titled thus without detailed mention, it is reasonable to conclude that the Holy Spirit intended to convey a deeper spiritual meaning.

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Let us reflect on what takes place in visible mills and draw parallels to spiritual processes within the Church. Grapes grow on vines and olives on trees, awaiting harvest for the presses typically designed for these fruits. While they remain on their branches, they seem to experience a kind of refreshing freedom—neither juice nor oil has yet been pressed out. This scenario mirrors individuals predestined by God to be shaped into the likeness of His only Son, as stated in Romans 8:29. Like the first fruit of the harvest, Christ endured affliction in His Passion. In a similar vein, those who God has chosen may enjoy worldly distractions akin to unpressed olives or grapes before embarking on their divine service. Yet, as it is written, "My son, when you approach to serve God, stand in judgment and fear, and prepare your soul for temptation" (Sirach 2:1). Every person who embarks on the work of God discovers they are entering into the process of sharpening; they will face hardships, sufferings, and trials—not for their destruction but to reach the treasures of God.

The burdens of worldly desires are stripped away like the skins of grapes. This aligns with the Apostle's exhortation to "put off the old man, and put on the new man." This transformation occurs through pressure, which is why the congregations of God in this era are referred to as "sharpeners." But who are these individuals engaged in this sharpening process? They are the sons of Korah, referred to as "tochilam" meaning the sons of the bald, explained as they could for those of us acquainted with this language through their divine service.

Undergoing the pressures of life, we are often broken, and through our attachment to fleeting and unstable things, we face sorrows and trials, which lead us to seek a rest that is not found in this life or on this earth. Here, the Lord becomes the refuge for the impoverished. Who is the impoverished one? It is the one who feels destitute, lacking support or comfort in earthly matters. Though some may have wealth, they are often more burdened with fear than joy. The instability of material riches leads to this reality. Those without such wealth, yet desiring it, are numbered among the unchosen rich, who are ultimately rejected. God values intentions, not merely the outward display of strength. The truly impoverished are stripped of worldly riches and understand their transitory nature. Their cries to God emerge from their lack of comfort and their endurance of trials flooding through their lives like oil or wine derived from pressing. Such longings point to virtuous desires, aiming solely for God. They do not cherish the things of this earth but love Him who created all. Their desires grow in anticipation of what is to come—the gifts of God are immeasurable for those who truly yearn.

Therefore, beloved, as one is able, make vows to God and bring what you can to Him. Let none look back at past pursuits, nor be swayed by former comforts. Press on until you reach the goal; our race is not of feet, but of desire. One should not claim they have arrived, for even Paul states in Philippians 3:13 that he does not see himself as having attained.

If you experience worldly passions, even in moments of joy, recognize you remain in the grind of life. When the world appears favorable, remember you are amidst trials. Acknowledge your struggles, calling upon the Lord. The apostle did not refer to trivial troubles, for some view life blissfully unaware of their disconnection from God. It is written, "While we are in the body, we are far from the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:6). Would you be content without your father? Can one be joyful without the Lord? Some may believe they are fine, yet those discerning enough to realize that despite wealth and comfort, they are still impoverished without the Lord, see their true state and call out for Him. This is the one who sings this psalm, reflecting the Body of Christ—us all, united as one.

"How lovely are Your dwellings, O Lord of hosts" (Psalm 82:1). He dwells in one place—the sharpened place—but longs for others where pressure does not exist. He flows from that yearning. "My soul longs and faints for the courts of the Lord" (Psalm 83:2). The soul does not merely strive; it longs, but why does it experience this longing? It strives for the courts of the Lord. Grapes do not strive without reason; they are pressed to become wine, flowing into vessels for preservation. Herein lies the contrast—sighs transform into joy, prayers into praise, groanings into exultations as one transitions from this world to the next.

So we hear the groaning in the winepress; my soul yearns and longs for the Lord’s courts. My heart and flesh rejoice in the living God. What causes this joy? Hope. It is rejoicing in the living God. Why should we rejoice? Because "the sparrow finds a home, and the swallow a nest for her young" (Psalm 83:3). These two creatures symbolize aspects of our existence: the heart resembles the sparrow, seeking divine shelter, and the flesh likened to the dove, which performs good works. The sparrow seeks a permanent dwelling, while the dove finds temporary rest. While the heart connects with God through spiritual contemplation, the flesh enacts good works. Absorb in good deeds guided by faith, hope, and charity—these actions are vital to living one's truth.

Many commendable works manifest through the saints' flesh, yet an understanding exists that virtues outside the Church can lack depth. Many pursue noble works without rooting their actions in faith. The dove gives birth within a nest, but the virtues born outside the Church offer no lasting refuge. Indeed, without a true foundation, nothing can thrive. Our chicks, nourished by faith, find their rest in our altars, the eternal dwelling of God.

"Blessed are those who dwell in Your house" (Psalm 83:4). If one has a personal dwelling, they possess little; possession of God's house brings true wealth. Their protection is complete, as God is their shield. Therefore, blessed are those who live within His house; they possess the heavenly Jerusalem without boundaries or hinderances since everyone shares in this abundance. In the eyes of God, brethren, all occupations arise from necessity; their fulfillment appears essential, yet only serves temporary interests—helping the needy, caring for the sick, comforting the suffering. But when we gaze beyond this earthly life, will activities continue in an eternity free of anguish?

"One day in Your courts is better than a thousand" (Psalm 83:10). With these thoughts in mind, seek a day which lasts forever, devoid of sunrise or sunset, a singular day in which we ponder not the passages of time. As we transition from a multitude of days to one eternal day, let us strive willingly.

"I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than dwell in the tents of the wicked" (Psalm 83:11). He recognizes the path to humility, understanding that true elevation arises from the willingness to be humble. Many within the Lord's sanctuary—the Catholic Church—strive for recognition and honor, blind to the reality of humility's power. If such wisdom resided within their hearts, they would abandon their pursuits for honor and discover true elevation through godly servitude, choosing hope in Christ above relying on any other.

The Lord delights in mercy and truth (Psalm 82:12). His grace offers strength for the journey ahead. It is this mercy that reached out to save us even during our unworthiness. The apostle Paul serves as an example, transformed from a persecutor to a vessel of grace. If God's mercy could redeem such a life, how can anyone despair of forgiveness? God reaches out to us, not to demand repayment of debts but to fulfill promises. What mercy and glory can one expect? Those who place faith in the Lord will see that He does not abandon the innocent.

Life in this earthly grind, full of trials and tribulations, shall not be for naught. Let us place our trust firmly in the Lord of virtues, blessed is the man who seeks refuge in Him.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

In the depths of despair, He refers to earthly existence as "the pit of woe." Thus, He proclaims, "In this earthly life, nurturing them each day, You will inspire them with uplifting thoughts; Your intercession will be made manifest for them, for the Lawgiver will bestow blessings upon them. They will progress from strength to strength." The reward for their uplifting thoughts will be granted by the Lawgiver, that is, by the One who established the New Testament. What are these blessings? Are they not the ones that "go from strength to strength"? This signifies the journey from a life lived in accordance with God's will to the heavenly Jerusalem, where, upon their departure, they will behold God "as He is" (1 John 3:2).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

In the passage that mentions 'into the valley,' we are invited to understand this in contrast to the mountain. Thus, those who have set their hearts on higher aspirations find themselves placed in the valley of tears. It is important for us to recognize that we currently dwell in a valley, not upon a mountain, nor in the glories of heaven, but within the confines of earthly humility. We are situated on the cursed earth that yields thorns and thistles, a land mentioned in God’s words to Adam: ‘Thou art the ground, and into the ground thou shalt depart’ (Gen. 3:19). Therefore, being in this valley of tears, our response should lean towards sorrow rather than laughter. The Lord reinforces this by stating: ‘Blessed are those who weep, for they shall laugh’ (see Luke 6:21).

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We find ourselves in a world characterized by weeping, not merriment. It is not our time to rejoice in this life, but rather a time for mourning.

‘Into the valley of tears, into a designated place.’ What does ‘into a designated place’ signify? It leads us into the valley of tears. God has called us to engage in continual struggle; thus, this valley is not a realm of peace and safety but rather a battleground. ‘For the lawgiver shall give blessing.’ Some may question why we are set upon this contest. The psalmist provides clarity, stating that this challenge exists so that God may reward us with crowns. ‘For it is the Lawgiver who will dispense blessings.’ This Lawgiver, being the Most High, desires our struggles, aiming to bless us through them. Consider this connection—a different perspective. Our actions are to be offered, while the outcome is His to fulfill.

Reflect on the words of the psalmist as he speaks: ‘To the valley of tears, to the place set apart’ (Psalm 83:7). The Book of Judges recounts how the angel proclaimed repentance to the people by stating, ‘You have forsaken the Lord, and the Lord will forsake you’ (cf. Judges 2:1-5). Upon hearing this message, the people wept, naming that location the Valley of Tears. To prevent doctrinal errors, we remember the narrative of the Old Testament. The Valley of Tears can be understood spiritually as our current age. We are not situated on the mountain, which signifies the heavenly kingdom, but reside within the valley, shrouded in the darkness of this world. Following the fall into sin, we were exiled alongside Adam to this valley of tears, where repentance and sorrow reign.

Into the valley of tears, the designated place. What did the psalmist express? This is the arena God has established for combat: here we are to resist sin and the devil, ultimately earning our crowns in heaven. Why has He placed us in this struggle? Couldn’t God grant us life without contention? Yet, it seems He has orchestrated this contest, providing us with a means to confront our passions, so that in doing so, we may rightfully receive our crowns, not in slumber but through our labors. What comes next?

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

He who has embraced the divine elevations within his heart and has acknowledged the gifts of the Lawgiver does not surrender himself to frivolity, but rather to sorrow and tears, yearning for liberation from this realm. For he listens to the words of God: ‘Blessed are those who weep, for they shall be comforted’ (Matthew 5:4), and ‘blessed are those who weep, for they shall laugh’ (Luke 6:21). Thus, one who has entered into this covenant looks forward to blessings from the Lawgiver. The sorrowful lament symbolizes the place where the angel chastised the people for their transgressions, leading the crowd to weep, hence it acquired this name (Judges 2:1-5).

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In a truer sense, this lamentation reflects our current existence, where Adam toils for sustenance in the sweat of his brow, and Eve experiences pain in childbirth. Moreover, not only sinners but also the Saints express their groans, as one laments that he ‘sorrowed unto death’ (Jon. 4:9) and another implores: ‘receive my soul from me, for I must not die, but live’ (Jon. 4:3). The great herald of truth declares: ‘We also have the Spirit's beginning, we sigh within ourselves’ (Rom. 8:23). Therefore, it is evident that the ascetic Saints consistently rely on tears to provide comfort, discovering joy through them. In this stark existence, those who have embraced the elevation shed tears, cherish a life of toil, and anticipate blessings from the Lawgiver.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

In the midst of the world's afflictions, the one who has found favor through God's intercession has had the notion of ascension placed in his heart. Where is this ascension? It is in that same realm of sorrow, which Athanasius describes as the unfortunate existence we lead. This life is likened to a valley of tears, drawing from the time when God revealed the sins of the Israelites through His angel, leading them to weep; thus, it is referred to as the dwelling of sorrow, as recorded in the book of Judges: when the angel of the Lord conveyed these words to the sons of Israel, the people raised their voices and wept, naming that place Weeping (Judges 2:5). This Judgment is a lowly place, a hollow.

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In the most profound sense, this lowly area of mourning symbolizes repentance, as true repentance arises from humility, sorrow, and tears. The place He has set (chosen). This phrase clarifies the previous statement, indicating that the despairing abyss I previously mentioned is a condition that humanity has internally created or chosen for itself. This explanation may seem obscure, and for more clarity, one could add this: humanity, by violating God's command, has forfeited the joyful existence of paradise and instead inherited a life laden with sorrow in this world. Alternatively, it can be understood that blessed is he who has received God's intercession and weeps in the territory he inhabits, whether in the world, in monasteries, or in solitude. For the giver of the law will bestow blessings. He pronounces blessings upon those who continually praise the Lord in the house of Christ, those honored with divine intercession, and who weep. Christ, who affirms these truths through the commandments of the Gospel, endows them with blessings. The blessings from Christ manifest in various beatitudes, particularly the nine beatitudes presented in the Gospel, especially the fourth: Blessed are those who weep, for they shall be comforted (Matt. 5:4); and: Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh (Luke 6:21). According to Cyril: therefore, blessed are those who strive for virtue in their lives, for Christ, the giver of the New Covenant, will reward them for their righteous intentions. When He comes in the glory of the Father, He will proclaim, Come, ye blessed, and those who have received the crown of righteousness will ascend from strength to strength, moving from God's gifts to fulfillment. Those who have remained steadfast and triumphed over the adversary will receive further measures of God's grace. True blessing lies in this ascent from strength to strength, transitioning from a godly life on earth to the life of the heavenly Jerusalem, where they will behold God in His fullness; hence it is said, The God of gods shall appear in Zion. Theodoret remarks that one who internalizes divine ascents and understands the blessings of the lawgiver does not indulge in frivolity, but rather embraces mourning and tears, longing for liberation from this life, for they hear God proclaiming, Blessed are those who weep, for they shall be comforted. Thus, having made commitments, they anticipate blessings from the Lawgiver. In its authentic essence, the sorrowful existence represents the current life, in which Adam toils for his bread and Eve experiences pain in childbirth. Not only the sinful but also the saints experience grief. Therefore, those who in this ocean of lament have risen, shed tears, and live a life filled with love and labor, await blessings from the Lawgiver. Nicephorus Xanthopoulos comments on the phrase, ‘In the house of David, there is great fear,’ indicating that judgment will occur there. On the Mount of Olives, as expressed in the 23rd Psalm by David: ‘Blessed is the man who seeks Your intercession, setting his heart on ascension in the realm of tears—in the place of his choosing. For blessings shall come from He who ordains these things. The summit of this mountain is known as the Mount of Olives, whilst its base is called the pit of grief. Therefore, since at this judgment venue some will weep and others will be forgiven, this mountain bears dual names. In that place, the Lawgiver will bestow blessings, saying to those on His right hand, Come, ye blessed of My Father.

Hesychius of Jerusalem

5th centuryChurch Father

God does not act with favoritism, extending His assistance to everyone who seeks Him. But how does one seek? Through the 'valley of tears,' which signifies genuine repentance. In this journey, the Lord provides sinners the path toward correction and redemption, declaring, 'Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand' (Matthew 4:17). Those who embark on this path 'have set their heart to ascend,' striving to rise from the earthly realm to the heavens, not through a single leap but through a series of steps. This is why it is referred to as ascents, rather than a single ascent. In truth, we require a multitude of virtues to be liberated from the earthly realm and to attain the heavenly one. What are these virtues? 'For the Lawgiver shall bestow (for this) blessing. They shall ascend from strength to strength; the God of gods shall appear (for them) in Zion.' See v. 9.

Nilus of Sinai

5th centuryChurch Father

To reach the sacred space of the heavenly Jerusalem, you must rise, striving for diverse virtues and embracing humility, while 'preparing in your heart' the ascents referred to by the blessed David (Psalm 83:6) amidst the sorrowful existence of humanity. The sorrow inherent in human life is evident from the moment infants cry upon their entry into the world and the grief experienced by the impoverished at the time of death. Thus, approach this holy sanctuary through virtue and humility, rather than through pride and despair.

Ignatij (Briantchaninow)

19th centuryChurch Father

Tears are an inherent aspect of the fallen human condition. In the state of innocence, humanity did not experience tears but instead enjoyed the fullness of paradisiacal joy. This bliss has been lost, leaving tears as symbols of empathy for this joy, reminders of the fall, manifestations of the estrangement from a displeased Creator, and as a glimmer of hope for the return to that joy. This hope is indeed genuine, for the ability to empathize with happiness remains within our nature. The sorrow for the forfeiture of heavenly joy cannot be fulfilled by mere temporary pleasures; rather, this longing, always unfulfilled, anticipates true satisfaction, testifying to its existence. Within tears lies a profound comfort, and amidst sorrow, there is a hidden delight.

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Regardless of earthly successes or heights achieved, every individual encounters moments when the solace found in tears is the only true comfort. Each of us enters into a realm of exile and desire, the land marked by suffering and sorrow, often initiating this journey with a mournful outcry, ‘Blessed is the man, for he has his intercession with Thee,’ identified by the tears that accompany his prayers. Such are the unseen spiritual elevations within his heart, navigating through the ‘sorrowful abyss’ - the earthly existence appointed for repentance, for ‘He who legislates will grant us a blessing’ through our weeping and sorrow. Those who cleanse themselves through tears ‘shall go from strength to strength, and the God of gods shall appear in Zion’ - in the spirit of humanity, ready to welcome God through genuine repentance (Psalm 83:6-8).

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The opening line of the Hebrew scripture is expressed more clearly as follows: "Those who journey through the valley of tears regard God as their source of strength; for He who guides them along the path will envelop them in blessings." The Prophet conveys the idea that nothing can deter diligent devotees of God on their path to the sacred place. These words serve to affirm his earlier message: there is nothing more fulfilling for the righteous than to engage in worship daily, and no barriers or challenges can diminish their passionate dedication to God. They face no barren or desolate terrains that would prevent them from reaching the holy gatherings of fellow believers.

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Thus, the term representing the sorrowful locale signifies the arid and dry districts traversed by travelers on their way to Jerusalem. David thus praises the perseverance of the faithful, indicating that neither the distance, nor the hardships of the journey, nor the arid sands, nor thirst, nor any other obstacles deter them from going to Jerusalem to honor God. For such unwavering commitment and noble endeavors, he promises them divine favor and assistance on their arduous pilgrimage. He reiterates this in the following verse: Since after the ark of the covenant was transported to Mount Zion, it became a legal requirement for the faithful to gather there for worship; they approached this duty with sacred reverence. They traveled from far-off lands in great numbers to Jerusalem, remaining undaunted until they encountered the presence of God, which is encapsulated in these words: they shall progress from strength to strength; the Lord of hosts shall reveal Himself in Zion. The manner in which God manifested Himself to His servants in the ancient temple is elaborated here, but to summarize, while there was no visible form of God within the temple, the ark of the covenant served as a symbol of His presence, allowing the faithful to draw near to God through it.

Palladios (Pjankov)

19th centuryCommentator

In the depths of sorrow, in that designated place, the Lawgiver will bestow a blessing. Specifically, blessed is the one who holds heartfelt prayers even amidst this tribulation of grief, within the bounds set by God; blessed because the Lord, the Lawgiver, will confer His blessing upon him. St. Athanasius refers to mortal existence as a ‘weeping inferno.’ He therefore proclaims that during earthly life, He will nurture them each day, filling them with uplifting thoughts; and His intercession will be evident to them. The Lawgiver promises that those who cultivate good thoughts will be rewarded with His blessings through the new covenant.

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According to Blessed Theodoret, during this wretched trial, those who endure, shed tears, and embrace a life of diligent labor look forward to receiving grace from the Lawgiver. This commentator begins verse 7 by noting that earthly life transforms into a pit of lamentation. As it states in the Book of Hebrews: ‘Passing through the valley of lamentation, they find springs in it, and the rain covers it with blessings.’

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm, authored by David, was entrusted to the son of Kore, the leader of the singers, to be performed. In this text, the prophet, having faced exile and trials, conveys his deep longing to return to Jerusalem to visit the Sacred Tabernacle. He refers to the churches as places where the spiritual harvest flourishes. Within this psalm lie the griefs, challenges, and tribulations of the faithful, who endure for the sake of Christ, who are pouring out their hearts, yearning to transition from this sorrowful state to the heavenly tabernacle constructed by the Lord, not by human hands (Heb. 8:2). Every phrase in this Psalm ignites a passion for Divine love; it addresses the communities of God (the Holy Churches) as 'beloved', which every God-loving soul longs for.

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These communities are precious to the Lord because He resides within them; they are also cherished by us as they sanctify us and enable us to become the Temple of God: the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us (John 1:14). Truly blessed is the soul that is pierced by love for Him and yearns for such a beautiful and divine union with Him, reflecting the eternal bond of communion in holiness.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.