The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Kingdoms (2 Samuel) 7:12Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And when thy days shall be fulfilled, and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of the bowels, and I will establish his kingdom.

Douay-Rheims

כִּ֣י ׀ יִמְלְא֣וּ יָמֶ֗יךָ וְשָֽׁכַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַהֲקִימֹתִ֤י אֶֽת־זַרְעֲךָ֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵצֵ֖א מִמֵּעֶ֑יךָ וַהֲכִינֹתִ֖י אֶת־מַמְלַכְתּֽוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The commitment that God extended to David when he contemplated constructing the temple for the tabernacle was this: God declared to him, "I will raise up your offspring, who will come from your own body, and I will fortify his reign. He will build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever," thereby referring to David's descendant as Christ in terms of his humanity. Consequently, Matthew introduces the Gospel with the phrase, "the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abraham" (Matt. 1:1). Likewise, Paul notes about Christ, "of his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh" (Rom. 1:3).

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

To believe that such a significant promise was realized in Solomon is to misunderstand the message profoundly. People often refer to the phrase, “He shall build a house for my name,” which pertains to Solomon's construction of the illustrious temple, yet they overlook the declaration, “And thy house and thy kingdom shall be steadfast forever before me.” If one reflects on Solomon’s palace, filled with foreign wives worshipping idols, and on the king himself, who, despite his initial wisdom, fell into idolatry, they will recognize that it would be incorrect to think of God as having made an erroneous promise or as failing to foresee Solomon’s eventual downfall.

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In stark contrast, there is no uncertainty in our belief since we firmly see the fulfillment of all these aspects in our Lord Christ, “who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh.” Unlike the Jewish perspective, we should not narrow the scope of this promise merely to earthly figures. The Jews themselves, despite their blindness, acknowledge that the promised son to David, as referenced in the above Scripture, was not Solomon, yet they continue to await another figure even after the Promised One has been so clearly revealed.

Nevertheless, there are elements of prophecy reflected in Solomon, notably in his construction of the temple and his peaceful reign—his name itself means “peacemaker”—along with the initial commendable start of his rule. However, Solomon does not represent the ultimate fulfillment but rather serves as a shadow of what is to come, which is embodied in our Lord Christ. Hence, the Scriptures say certain things about him, as though the prophetic texts apply directly to him, while in reality, they depict a foreshadowing of Christ's future. In addition to the historical accounts chronicling his reign, the seventy-first psalm is attributed to him, containing passages that clearly point towards the Lord Christ, revealing that Solomon serves as a figurative precursor to the truth found in Christ. It is evident that Solomon's kingdom was limited in scope; yet within the referenced psalm, it declares, “He shall possess from sea to sea, and from the river to the ends of the earth.” We witness this being realized in Christ, whose ministry commenced at the river where He was baptized by John, and who was acknowledged by His disciples as not only Master but also Lord.

Moreover, Solomon began to ascend to the throne during David's lifetime, a circumstance not seen with any other king of Judah, serving to illustrate that he was not the one the prophecy to his father had foretold: “But when thy days are fulfilled, and thou shalt be honoured with thy fathers, I will raise up after thee thy seed which shall come forth out of thy loins, and I will consolidate his kingdom.” It raises a question as to how, based on the subsequent phrase, “He shall build a house for my name,” one might presume it pertains to Solomon, rather than recognizing the preceding words, “When thy days are fulfilled, and thou shalt be honoured with thy fathers,” as indicative of another peace-bringing figure, whose coming was promised not before, as was Solomon, but after David's death. Regardless of the time gap before Christ's arrival, it is unequivocally affirmed that a successor, meant to construct a house for God—not of timber and stones, but of faithful individuals—is to come. The apostle reminds us, “The temple of God is holy; and this temple are ye.” Furthermore, in the eighty-eighth psalm, which is referred to as “The Doctrine of Epham Ezrahit,” divine promises made to King David are highlighted, including phrases resonant with those found in Kings. For instance, “I swore unto David my servant, I will establish thy seed forever.” Again it states, “Thou didst once speak in a vision to Thy holy one, and said: ‘I have given help to the courageous, I have raised up a chosen one from among the people. I have found David My servant, I have anointed him with My holy oil. My hand shall abide with him, and My muscle shall strengthen him. No enemy shall overcome him, and the son of iniquity shall not oppress him. I will crush his enemies before him, and I will smite those who hate him. And my truth and my mercy shall be with him, and by my name shall his horn be exalted. And I will put his hand upon the sea, and his right hand upon the rivers. He shall call to Me, ‘You are my father. My God and the stronghold of my salvation.’ And I will make him the firstborn above the kings of the earth. Forever I will keep my favour upon him, and my covenant with him shall be sure. And I will continue forever his seed, and his throne as the days of heaven.” When understood properly, all these statements apply to the Lord Jesus, who is often understood under the name of David due to the servitude this Mediator received from the Virgin of the seed of David.

Hesychius of Jerusalem

5th centuryChurch Father

Jesus Christ is referred to as the seed of David in relation to His human nature. This is why the Gospel of Matthew opens with the phrase, "the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abraham" (Matt. 1:1). Additionally, the Apostle Paul writes about Christ, stating, "of his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh" (Rom. 1:3).

The text on Psalm 88 is cataloged in PG 55, 747-755 among the works attributed to St. John Chrysostom, although some consider it spurious. In Russian translations, it appears within the Collected Works of St. John. In 1924, Devreesse suggested that this work may have been authored by St. Isychius of Jerusalem.

Tertullian

3rd centuryTeacher of the Church

The new reality established in Christ aligns with the unchangeable blessings that the Creator had previously vowed to David, as indicated in Isaiah 55:3 and reaffirmed in Acts 13:34, which relate to Christ due to His lineage from David. In essence, Christ's flesh embodies a lasting grace, consecrated through holiness and affirmed by faith at the time of the Resurrection. The prophet Nathan conveys a promise to David's lineage in the Second Book of Kings: I will raise up after thee thy seed, which shall spring from thy loins, and I will strengthen his kingdom. To reduce this merely to a reference to Solomon would be laughable. Naturally, David will father Solomon.

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However, should we not recognize Christ as the true descendant referred to here – the one to come from David, specifically through Mary’s womb? Furthermore, since Christ is uniquely destined to establish the temple of God, representing the sanctity of humanity in which the Spirit of God dwells as in the ultimate sanctuary, it is Christ, rather than Solomon, David's son, who rightfully embodies the title of the Son of God. Moreover, an everlasting kingdom is far more fitting for Christ than for Solomon, who was merely a temporal king.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.