The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 4:19Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Lest perhaps lifting up thy eyes to heaven, thou see the sun and the moon, and all the stars of heaven, and being deceived by error thou adore and serve them, which the Lord thy God created for the service of all the nations, that are under heaven.

Douay-Rheims

וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord your God has granted them to all nations. See comment on Jn. 12:41

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The phrase ‘set them apart’ does not imply that God instructed them to offer worship; rather, it aligns with what the blessed Paul states, ‘God gave them up to a reprobate mind’ (Rom. 1:28). This does not indicate that He simply 'delivered them up'; instead, it signifies that He allowed them to follow their own will while remaining obstinate. Similarly, here, He ‘gave them up,’ meaning He permitted them to wander astray when they chose that path and refused to repent.

John Damascene

8th centuryChurch Father

Do you recognize that one key intention is that we should worship the Creator alone and not serve any of His creations? Thus, worship is intricately connected to service in every instance. He reiterates, “Thou shalt have no other gods before my face. Thou shalt not make for thyself an idol, nor any likeness of what is in heaven above, or on the earth below;” and, “Thou shalt not worship them, nor serve them: for I am the Lord thy God” (Exodus 20:3-5). Furthermore, it is written, “And destroy their altars, and break their pillars, and burn their groves with fire, and cut down the graven images of their gods... Not that you shall do” (Deuteronomy 12:3-4) in service to another deity. Shortly thereafter, it states, “And thou shalt not make unto thee any molten gods” (Exodus 34:17).

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Notice that in order to prevent idolatry, He prohibits the creation of images, as it is impossible to depict the immeasurable, indescribable, and invisible God. For it is affirmed that His image has not been seen; as Paul declares while addressing the Areopagus, “Therefore we, being the offspring of God, ought not to think that the Godhead is like gold, or silver, or stone, which has been formed by the art and imagination of men” (Acts 17:29). This command was especially relevant to the Jews, given their tendency toward idolatry. However, we, to speak as the Theologian, having been granted the wisdom to escape superstitious distractions and having embraced the truth, strive to maintain a pure and sacred relationship with God, serving Him alone, excelling in the knowledge of the divine, and, having matured past spiritual infancy, attaining the stature of “a perfect man... no longer children” (Eph. 4:13-14). We have been endowed by God with the capacity to discern what can be accurately represented and what transcends portrayal through images. For “the law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith... and we, when we were children, were in bondage under the elements of the world” (Galatians 3:24; Galatians 4:3).

Isidore of Pelusium

5th centuryChurch Father

Regarding the passage in Deuteronomy about the celestial bodies, “The Lord your God has divided the Lord your God with every tongue” (Deuteronomy 4:19), you may wonder about the significance of this statement on the heavenly lights. Take note: the Lord has provided wisdom, understanding, and knowledge, enabling us to discern the glory and magnificence of creation, so that through these visible wonders, the Creator, who remains unseen, may be recognized (Prem. 13:5). My point is this: the Hebrews, alongside the creation itself, were imparted with the teachings of the law that reveals both the Creator and the Artisan. However, if anyone believes that the stars should be worshipped, they reveal their own lack of understanding, as all of Scripture denounces such actions.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

The Jewish effort to demonstrate that the nations are under the sway of celestial bodies is fruitless in this regard. Some modern interpreters suggest it indicates God's allowance, as if He does not restrain all nations from venerating certain heavenly bodies. However, how does this relate to the previous admonition against honoring these luminaries? The truth is that God detests the worship of the sun and stars, viewing them as creations serving the divine plan for all mankind.

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The rationale behind His prohibition for His people to worship them is abundantly clear: first, these celestial beings are not the masters of humanity but were created to serve humanity; second, they are not designated solely for one specific nation but are a gift to all people for their appropriate use rather than for veneration.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.