The Church Fathers on this verse

Ecclesiastes 3:2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

A time to be born and a time to die. A time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted.

Douay-Rheims

עֵ֥ת לָלֶ֖דֶת וְעֵ֣ת לָמ֑וּת עֵ֣ת לָטַ֔עַת וְעֵ֖ת לַעֲק֥וֹר נָטֽוּעַ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

What many perceive as the pinnacle of virtue and the depth of malice, that is, life and death, are not inherently so. They exist within a spectrum, influenced by the attitudes of those who experience them. For instance, life is a blessing when lived rightly; however, when it is misused for wickedness, it loses its goodness, making death a preferable state for such a person. Conversely, what many might shy away from can yield immense blessings when understood appropriately. The martyrs exemplify this truth—they are deemed more blessed than all due to their sacrifices. This is why Paul expressed a profound longing to be with Christ, seeing it as ‘the fruit of my labor.

Read more (170 words)

I am torn between the two,’ as he stated, “I have a desire to depart and be with Christ, for that is far better; but to remain in the flesh is more necessary for your sake” (Phil. 1:22-24). Thus, the psalmist affirms, ‘Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints’ (Psalm 116:15), emphasizing not just any death but one that holds significance; whereas elsewhere it is stated, ‘The death of the wicked is evil’ (Psalm 34:21). Therefore, it is evident that both life and death are not strictly good or evil, but are judged by the perspective of those who encounter them. This is why King Solomon acknowledged a balanced approach, indicating that neither aspect is inherently good or evil, but their value depends on the timing. He wisely remarked, ‘To everything there is a season, A time for every purpose under heaven; A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to pluck what is planted.’

Gregory of Nyssa

4th centuryChurch Father

"A time to be born, and a time to die," Ecclesiastes observes. Here, he elegantly connects birth and death, emphasizing the inevitability of death following birth, thereby reminding those engrossed in earthly existence of their eventual fate. This serves as a wake-up call to reflect upon their future. Moses, the friend of God, cleverly arranged the scriptures so that readers could glean essential truths about themselves from the sequence of the texts. For those familiar with Genesis will immediately think of Exodus. Ecclesiastes expresses this same connection when he places death so closely alongside birth, stating, "the time to be born and the time to die," signifying that while I have begun my life, my time of passing will eventually arrive.

Read more (802 words)

If we truly consider this, we will not mindlessly drift towards the follies of the wicked, entangled in the cyclical nature of life, distracted by power, status, and wealth. These distractions can ensnare us in the complexities of this world, blinding us to the clear path to salvation. Blessed are those, Ecclesiastes proclaims, who turn away from the alluring temptations of life and choose the hidden path of righteousness. This path is undertaken by those who do not anchor their souls in transient things but diligently aspire to the promises held in faith. Reflecting again on his words, Ecclesiastes states: "the time to procreate and the time to die.” Oh, that my own birth could be timely, and my death favorable! We cannot claim that our unchosen births and arbitrary deaths are markers of virtue, as the pains of birth and the inevitability of death lie beyond our control, which cannot be deemed either virtue or vice. Thus, we must discern the significance of timely birth and death. A birth is truly timely, as Isaiah suggests, when it is born out of a reverence for God, leading to personal salvation with the accompanying pains of birth (Isaiah 26:18). We become spiritual progenitors of ourselves when we cultivate, nurture, and bring forth goodness into the world through divine will. In this way, we receive God within ourselves, becoming children of the Most High. Conversely, we experience a premature birth—light and malnourished—if we do not reflect Christ’s image within us, as the Apostle notes (Galatians 4:19). For a true man of God is made complete (2 Timothy 3:17). Surely, one who fulfills the natural law is perfect. Hence, if someone has attained the nobility of becoming a child of God through virtue, they have learned the right moment for a glorious birth, rejoicing as one does when a child enters the world (John 16:21). However, one who becomes "a child of wrath" (Eph. 2:3) or "the son of perdition" (2 Thess. 2:3) has not understood the true pathway to life. For there exists but one singular moment that brings forth true life. Those who stray due to a premature birth, with spiritual consequence, lead themselves toward destruction. Yet, it is equally evident how we can die at the right time; for, like St. Paul, any moment can serve for a noble death. In his writings, he passionately declares a kind of oath: "I die daily, so your glory may be manifest" (1 Cor. 15:31), and again, "For your sake we face death all day long" (Rom. 8:36), and "We carry within us the sentence of death" (2 Cor. 1:9). This frequent dying refers to one who does not indulge in sin, continually subduing their earthly desires, embodying the death of Christ within themselves, perpetually glorifying Christ and living not for self, but allowing Christ to live through them. Indeed, that death which we contemplate is a favorable death, for it leads to true life. "I kill and I make alive" (Deuteronomy 32:39) demonstrates that dying to sin and being made alive by the Spirit is a divine gift, for through death comes the promise of life by the Word of God. Additionally, Ecclesiastes notes, "the time to plant and the time to uproot what has been planted." We recognize who the true "laborer" is, and what "burden" we are. Christ teaches us one and His servant Paul the other. The Lord states, "My Father is the vine-dresser" (John 15:1), and the Apostle affirms, "You are God's field" (1 Cor. 3:9). Thus, the great Creator knows how to plant only good things, as it is recorded, "God planted a garden in Eden" (Gen. 2:8). He will uproot anything contrary to goodness. "Every plant which my Father has not planted shall be rooted up" (Matthew 15:13). Hence, the deeds of malice, disbelief, and ungratefulness towards Christ's miracles are the plants to be removed. The saving message must prevail and the gospel proclaimed throughout the earth, with every tongue affirming, "that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father" (Philippians 2:11). This mission cannot fail; thus, the present unbelief is not the work of the Father but of the evil one who sows tares in the vineyard of the Lord. What has been revealed to us through the Gospel aligns with Ecclesiastes' message: it is a time to embrace the life-giving faith while simultaneously casting out the weeds of disbelief. Indeed, when it is said that it is "time to plant" righteousness, it indicates a season to uproot injustice; as righteousness grows, wickedness must be eradicated; humility prevails over pride; the flourishing of love extinguishes the poisonous roots of hatred, which suffocates love, drawing us away from the good. Thus, let us strive to articulate every aspect diligently and avoid misrepresentation in our understanding.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

The Scriptures declare this truth, evident to all. Even if it remains obscured from certain individuals—according to the measure assigned to each—everyone acknowledges that, just as the seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter come in their due times, so is it true that, as written, there exists a time to be born and a time to die.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

There is an appointed time for birth and a designated moment for death, a season for sowing and a season for reaping what has been sown. It is clear that both the coming into existence and the passing away of individuals are known and predetermined by God, signifying that birth resembles the act of planting, while death corresponds to harvesting what has been planted. However, as Isaiah states, "for fear of Thee, O Lord, we conceived and were sick and were born," we must acknowledge that in the perfected believer, this fruit that arises from fear ceases to exist upon the emergence of love for God. "For she who is perfect casts out fear" (1 Jn. 4:18).

Read more (286 words)

All that is articulated concerning the various seasons, up to the point where it notes a "time of strife, and a time of peace," is comprehended in the context of Israel. Rather than detailing how each verse is interpreted, I will summarize their understanding for the reader's consideration. There was a time for the birth and planting of Israel, followed by a time for their demise and exile; a time for the slaying of the Hebrews in Egypt and a time for their liberation; a time for the temple's destruction under Nebuchadnezzar and a time for its reconstruction under Darius; a time for mourning over the city's devastation and a time for rejoicing under Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah; a time for the scattering of Israel and a time for their unification; a time for God to adorn the people of Judah with a sash and a bandage, leading to their captivity in Babylon and suffering beyond the Euphrates. There came a time to seek out the Hebrews and bring them to safety, as well as a time to abandon them. A time to rend Israel and a time to restore them; a time to be silent towards the prophets – now under Roman authority – and a time to communicate with them, for even amid their adversaries, they were not deprived of God's comfort and voice. There was a time of love, reflecting the initial affection God had for them through their forefathers, and a time of animosity, owing to their rebellion against Christ. A time of conflict, when they did not repent, will yield to a time of peace in the days ahead, when, following the fulfillment of the Gentiles, all Israel shall be saved.

Gregory the Wonderworker

3rd centuryChurch Father

The current age is characterized by various contrasts—birth followed by death, sowing and then uprooting, healing alongside destruction, creation and annihilation, mourning juxtaposed with joy, sorrow intertwined with celebration. At one moment, you reap the benefits of the earth, and the next, you discard them; one moment, you are passionately drawn to a woman, and the next, you reject her. You may find something precious only to lose it shortly after; you can cherish an item only to let it go; there are times of taking life and times of facing death; moments of speaking followed by silence; chapters of love that turn to hate. For human affairs are in constant turmoil, perpetually shifting and reconciling, so unstable that what was once deemed good quickly transforms into what is universally acknowledged as evil.

Cyrill of Jerusalem

4th centuryChurch Father

As the Redeemer spent three days and three nights in the depths of the earth (Matt. 12:40), so your initial appearance from the waters signifies the first day, and your baptism symbolizes the first night of Christ's entombment. Just as a person is blind in the darkness of night and perceives the light of day, in your baptism, akin to the night, you saw nothing; yet when you emerged from the water, it was as if you had entered the brightness of day. In that moment, you experienced both death and new birth, with the water serving as both your tomb and your mother. What Solomon remarked concerning the cycle of life holds true for you as well. He declared, ...a time to be born, and a time to die; yet for you, the sequence is reversed: a time to die, and a time to be born. Nevertheless, in one singular moment, both events occurred together—your death and your rebirth were intertwined.

Gregory of Elvira

4th centuryChurch Father

There is a season for life and a season for death. Observe, beloved brethren, the prophecy regarding the time of the Lord's incarnation and crucifixion. You must embrace Him who emerged from the Virgin, so that we may place our faith not only in the Word who was present from the beginning and of whom it is stated that He ‘is’, but also in the Man who was seen and born. They have acknowledged that He is both Lord and incarnate man, as it is expressed: That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit (John 3:6). Furthermore, they have affirmed that He experienced both death and entombment and ultimately rose again—not as God, but as man; for it is not God within man who is resurrected, but man within God who is restored to life.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

In essence, things are not inherently good or bad, pleasant or unpleasant; their nature can shift based on the context and timing. The preacher illustrates this idea, indicating that even the clearest opposites have their appropriate moments—they can be seen as good or bad, fitting or unfitting in light of specific situations (Ecclesiastes 3:1-9). Thus, when a person is engaged in a task (Ecclesiastes 3:10), the crucial question becomes whether they have discerned the right time for their efforts, as it is possible that their endeavors might lead only to anguish (Ecclesiastes 3:10).

Read more (181 words)

God has ordained all things according to the known moments of existence, while simultaneously instilling in the hearts of humankind a longing to gaze beyond the present and labor for the future, which often results in a lack of understanding of divine workings (Ecclesiastes 3:11).

Consequently, it is wise for one to embrace joy and seek the pleasant, uplifting aspects in all things, and to engage in goodness, for it is this pursuit that allows God to grant them true enjoyment (Ecclesiastes 3:12-13). God has fashioned everything in perfect harmony and within an infinite eternal cycle (Ecclesiastes 3:14-15). However, if one challenges this notion, pointing out that injustice frequently masquerades as truth in our world (Ecclesiastes 3:16), it is essential to remember that the time will come when God's judgment will be executed upon both the righteous and the unrighteous (Ecclesiastes 3:17).

Even if there is uncertainty regarding whether humanity possesses an advantage over animals and the immortality of the human spirit, it remains undeniably true that the principle of enjoying the blessings of life with reverence is valid (Ecclesiastes 3:18-22).

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.