Exodus 22:25Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Similarly, the divine edict instructs us not to unjustly seize what belongs to another for our benefit, holding that we ought to repay loans without demanding interest. Humanity compels us to assist the needy, while malevolence seeks to take more than it offers. If an individual is in need of your assistance because they lack the means to repay a loan, it is unjust to feign compassion while extracting more from someone who is already incapable of giving less. You release the borrower from the grasp of the lender only to bind them to yourself. Referencing Cicero: Off. 3:23; Off. 3:25-26 (the example of Hercules); Tusc. 1:28; Fin. 3:65-66, it is evident that what is miscalled compassion merely magnifies wrongdoing.

The commandment prohibits a sibling from charging interest to another sibling, identifying a brother not merely as someone sharing the same biological parents, but as one who belongs to the same community, upholds similar values, and embraces the same divine Word. The scripture condemns the practice of excessive interest, advocating instead for generosity and goodwill toward those in need, for these noble intentions originate from God. A generous person, in turn, receives a significant reward, esteemed by others: kindness, honor, respect, and a positive reputation.

*See Lev. 25:35-37

A stranger may receive bread and silver with an increased rate, as indicated in Deuteronomy 24:20. Refer to Leviticus 25:35-43 for further context.