The Church Fathers on this verse

Exodus 7:10Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

So Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharao, and did as the Lord had commanded. And Aaron took the rod before Pharao and his servants, and it was turned into a serpent.

Douay-Rheims

וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

I would like to pose a question to the esteemed Pharisees: If the Lord accomplishes His will through sinners without distinction, why were the Egyptian sorcerers unable to replicate the feats of the great Moses? Why did they not execute the same wonders alongside him to achieve comparable honor? You might point out that Moses’ staff, when cast to the ground, transformed into a serpent, just as the rods of the magicians did. To this, we respond: the rods of the magicians did not genuinely become serpents; rather, it was an illusion, a mere specter that concealed the truth from human perception—an act of sorcery that merely made the rod appear as a serpent. In contrast, the transformation of Moses' rod into a serpent was authentic and fundamentally changed it into a living creature.

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The veracity of this claim is evident in the distinction made by Scripture: the rod of Moses consumed the rods of the magicians. The latter possessed only the semblance of serpents, while the former was genuinely and inherently what it claimed to be. In his righteous anger, he transformed it into a creature, losing its identity as a rod, and through a divine power that surpassed that of a serpent, it devoured the illusions, which was a miracle wrought by God.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Moses did not throw down the rod to transform it into a serpent solely to assist Aaron, who was appointed to speak for him due to Moses’ lack of eloquence. This act was essential, as it embodies a significant mediation between Moses and Pharaoh through Aaron.

The serpent symbolizes death, which entered paradise through a conversation (See Gen. 3:1-7), depicted by the crafted creation (i.e., death) manifesting through the creator (i.e., the serpent). The changing of the rod into a serpent signifies Christ's journey into death, while the reversal of the serpent back into a rod represents Christ's resurrection in His Body, which is the Church (cf. Col. 1:24).

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This culmination of events will unfold at the end of time, represented by Moses seizing the serpent's tail to transform it back into a rod (cf. Ex. 4:4). The serpents created by the magicians mirror those lost to death in this life; without faith in Christ, they will be metaphorically engulfed by His Body and unable to rise with Him.

Gregory of Nyssa

4th centuryChurch Father

Pharaoh, the Egyptian oppressor, sought to negate the wonders performed by Moses through God’s authority by employing the enchantments of his magicians. When Moses transformed his staff into a serpent once more before the Egyptians, the magicians attempted to replicate this miracle with their own staffs. However, the serpent produced from Moses’ staff consumed the serpents conjured by the magicians, demonstrating that their staffs possessed no true power or vitality, only the illusion crafted by their clever deception, which fooled those who were easily misled.

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Let not the alteration of the rod into a serpent confuse devout Christians because the sacramental symbolism involves a creature of an opposing nature. The Truth Himself embraces this imagery, as stated in the Gospel: “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up” (John 3:14). This statement is unambiguous: the father of sin is metaphorically referred to as the serpent in Scripture, thus anything that originates from the serpent is certainly a serpent as well. This indicates that sin is eternal alongside its originator. Yet the apostolic writings affirm that the Lord became sin on our behalf (2 Cor. 5:21), embracing our sinful nature. Therefore, this metaphor correctly applies to the Lord. As sin represents a serpent, and since the Lord took on sin, He also embodied a serpent for us, aiming to consume and annihilate the serpents of the Egyptians that had come to life through the magicians. Once this was achieved, He reverted to a rod, which serves to execute judgment on those who sin and to provide rest to those who tread the arduous path of righteousness, leaning in trust upon the rod of faith: for “faith is the substance of things hoped for” (Hebrews 11:1).

Consequently, one who comprehends this becomes a challenger to those who deny the truth, left astonished by the futile and deceptive charms of this world, which they regard as significant while failing to heed the Almighty: as Pharaoh declared, “Who is the Lord that I should obey His voice and let the children of Israel go? I do not know the Lord, nor will I let Israel go” (Ex. 5:2). The only thing esteemed by those fixated on material pleasures is that which is tangible and fleshly. However, if anyone is empowered by the illuminating light and gains strength to confront adversaries, he prepares himself like a diligent wrestler, boldly ready to battle his foes, wielding the rod, which symbolizes the word of faith that conquers the Egyptian serpents.

Thus, when one dedicated to virtue seeks to guide those trapped in falsehood towards a life of righteousness and freedom, the adversary of our souls, as the Apostle noted, employs various schemes (Eph. 6:11) to counteract Divine truth with alluring deceptions. I refer specifically to these Egyptian serpents—representing the diverse cunning of wickedness—created void by the rod of Moses, which has already been sufficiently addressed. He who possesses this indomitable rod of virtue, which dismantles the snares of evil, ultimately rises to extraordinary deeds. Such miracles are not intended merely to astonish spectators but to benefit those who are being saved; through the miracles of virtue, adversarial forces are vanquished, and their communities flourish.

Let us first seek to comprehend the overarching goals of these private miracles, which will enable us to appreciate each miracle in its own right. The truth teaches differently depending on the receptivity of those receiving it. While the message is revealed to all, those who embrace this truth find enlightenment, while those who refuse to direct their souls towards the truth's illumination remain enshrouded in ignorance. If our understanding of such matters is not wholly misguided, it certainly retains its integrity in finer details, as has been demonstrated in individual contemplation of the message.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord spoke to Moses and instructed him, saying that if Pharaoh requests a sign, he should throw down his staff before Pharaoh, and it will turn into a serpent. Pharaoh then summoned his magicians and wise men, who performed a similar act using their sorcery. However, it should be noted that their actions did not demonstrate anything remarkable, as they relied on their practiced craft. Yet, if they believed they could outmatch Moses through this mimicry, they have committed a profound transgression.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.