Genesis 43:33Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

43:27), when he looked upon them with disdain (Gen. 42:9), when he welcomed them into his home (Gen. 43:16-17), and when he blessed Benjamin (Gen. 43:29). Ultimately, they were astonished to learn he knew each of their names. Though Joseph masked his identity and his exalted status misled them, they might have recalled his dreams (Genesis 37:7-10). Thus, if they could not see him due to his prominence, his dignity, his eloquence, and his stern approach, it was all by divine will that God concealed Joseph from them until his dreams were realized through those who had conspired to thwart them.

Consider, dear brethren, how Joseph instilled fear among them. He instructed each brother to recline, addressing them by name and in the order of their birth, while pretending to discern their identity through a silver vessel in his hand. Upon setting this bowl down, he tapped it with his right finger, producing a resounding echo that filled the house. After the first strike, he called out, “Let Reuben recline in the place of honor first.” Striking again, he announced, “Simeon, let him take his place next.” With a third strike, he declared, “Let Levi take his seat of honor.” He arranged them all at the table, calling their names in sequence, which caused them to be filled with dread and alarm, leading them to conclude, “He knows each of us.” Their fear intensified regarding the cup, as they pondered among themselves, “Could he know through it that we previously deceived him, claiming that an evil beast had slain Joseph?” Consequently, they were greatly troubled. What was Joseph's intention in this act toward his brothers, revealing the names of each one through the cup? It was to deepen their sense of guilt.