The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 61:2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of vengeance of our God: to comfort all that mourn:

Douay-Rheims

לִקְרֹ֤א שְׁנַת־רָצוֹן֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְי֥וֹם נָקָ֖ם לֵאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ לְנַחֵ֖ם כָּל־אֲבֵלִֽים׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Proclaiming the favorable season of the Lord is important. Aquila and Symmachus refer to it as a delightful year. It is also the time of recompense from our God, a day for divine justice. It is rightly called the day of recompense so that one does not solely anticipate the blessings promised, nor become complacent. The judgment is at hand, and each person will be rewarded according to their actions. His purpose was not merely to forgive sins and bestow gifts. However, if you receive such gifts without change, they will only serve to increase your transgressions. He brings solace to all who grieve—those mourning over physical ailments, as well as those sorrowing due to spiritual weaknesses. Symmachus refers to this as consolation.

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

But Christ arrived, proclaiming to the Israelites the wonders of His coming before others shared this message. He declared that the joyful season of the Lord would be recognized as His summer, a time of reward. This joyous summer is the moment when Christ was crucified for our sake; through His sacrifice, we found favor with God the Father, and in Him, we began to bear the fruits of righteousness. He Himself affirmed this by saying, "Amen, amen, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit" (John 12:24). Further, He stated, "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself" (John 12:32). Thus, after three days, He rose again, triumphing over death.

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Addressing His holy disciples, He proclaimed, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 28:18-19). Surely, this was a truly delightful summer as we were welcomed into fellowship with Him, cleansed from sin through holy baptism, and became partakers of His divine nature through the communion of the Holy Spirit. This pleasant season was marked by His revelation of glory through incomprehensible signs, as we eagerly embraced the time of salvation through Him, to which the wise Paul referred by saying, "Now is the favorable time; behold, now is the day of salvation" (2 Corinthians 6:2). The day of recompense is identified with this same period of His arrival, where He rewarded those who placed their faith in Him with promises of hope.

I reflect on how the honorable life prescribed by the Law of Moses, while it offered temporary (earthly) prosperity to those who adhered to it faithfully, lacked promises of rewards in the eternal realm and merely encouraged a focus on present-day benefits. The law advised one to refrain from sin, admonishing, "Do not let your heart be led astray by evil" (Ecclesiastes 7:17), and it instructed children, "Honor your father and your mother that it may go well with you and that you may live long in the land" (Exodus 20:12). It also promised an abundance of earthly produce, peace, and consequently joy. Therefore, through the prophet Zechariah, it was said: "Jerusalem shall be inhabited like towns without walls, because of the multitude of people and livestock in it; and I will be to her a wall of fire all around, and I will be the glory in her midst" (Zechariah 2:4). Again, "Old men and old women shall sit in the streets of Jerusalem, each with staff in hand, because of great age; and the streets of the city shall be full of boys and girls playing in its streets" (Zechariah 8:4-5). Thus, while the Law of Moses promised only temporary rewards to the ancients, the gospel of salvation offers hope for future blessings: "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 5:3). A closer examination of the subsequent beatitudes reveals God’s promises of both glorious and bounteous rewards.

However, those who choose to interpret the recompense Christ offered upon His coming might see it another way. The vile adversary once exalted himself over the earth’s inhabitants, ruling the cosmos and distracting them from the true knowledge of God, leading them into sin and compelling them to worship his malevolent powers. As he declared, "I will be like a lion, and I will gather all things as if from a nest, and no one shall escape from me" (Isaiah 10:14). But his ambitions proved to be in vain, for Christ arose and subdued him, avenging the wrongs he inflicted on us by dismantling his power and breaking his dominion over us. He confined the enemy in chains of darkness, subjecting him to the judgment of the great day of suffering, along with others who fell from grace alongside him (2 Peter 2:4; Jude 1:6). Thus, the righteous David, speaking on behalf of the redeemed, sings: "I will give thanks to You, O Lord, with my whole heart; I will tell of all Your wonderful deeds. I will be glad and exult in You; I will sing praise to Your name, O Most High. When my enemies turn back, they stumble and perish before Your presence" (Psalm 9:1-3). In another instance, David declares that his sin will be remembered no more (Psalm 9:6). The Savior Himself proclaimed, "Now is the judgment of this world; now will the ruler of this world be cast out" (John 12:31). Thus, through this understanding, the time of recompense resonates with the moment when Christ illuminated the world.

He came to comfort all those who mourn in Zion, exchanging ashes for beauty, despair for a garment of praise. The Jews had once possessed holy individuals, skilled in the Law, who reflected on and studied prophetic texts. As they observed the descendants of Israel forsaking the Law of Moses, indulging their own desires while teaching the commandments of men, these holy men, filled with sorrow for their people, anticipated redemption through Christ, for they were inspired by the Spirit to recognize Him who justifies the ungodly by faith and purifies the impure through grace. Hence, the righteous Simeon, holding the infant Jesus, prayed, "Lord, now You are letting Your servant depart in peace, according to Your word; for my eyes have seen Your salvation that You have prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to Your people Israel" (Luke 2:29-32). Similarly, the divine Zacharias, father of John, proclaimed, "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for He has visited and redeemed His people, and has raised up a horn of salvation for us" (Luke 1:68-69). Philip also shared the good news with Nathanael, declaring, "We have found Him of whom Moses in the Law and the prophets wrote, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph" (John 1:45). The wise Paul expressed, "I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart for my brothers, my kinsmen according to the flesh" (Romans 9:2-3).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

The Spirit of the Lord God is upon Me, for the Lord has anointed Me to proclaim good news to the humble; He has sent Me to mend the hearts of the broken, to declare liberty to the captives, and to bring light to those in darkness, to announce a year of favor from the Lord and a day of recompense for our God, to comfort all who grieve, to bestow upon them the mantle of praise instead of ashes, the oil of gladness instead of mourning, and the garment of praise instead of despair. For thus it is written: The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me; hence He has anointed Me, sending Me to declare good news to the destitute, to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to those held captive and sight to the blind, to liberate the crushed and to herald the gracious year of the Lord's favor.

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After His baptism in the Jordan, where He was anointed by the Holy Spirit that descended upon Him as a dove, the Savior entered Nazareth on the Sabbath, as was His custom. He was handed the scroll of the prophet Isaiah, and upon opening it, He found the passage that spoke of the Spirit of the Lord being upon Him, anointed to deliver good news to the impoverished, to proclaim freedom to those imprisoned, recovery of sight to the blind, liberation for the oppressed, and to proclaim the Lord's favorable year. When He had finished reading, He returned the scroll, took His seat, and all eyes were fixed on Him. He then declared that this prophecy had been fulfilled in their presence, and all marveled at the gracious words that flowed from His lips.

This prophecy had a partial fulfillment at that moment, but it remains to be fully realized when God's people are wholly righteous. As Scripture teaches, now we understand and prophesy in part, but when perfection comes, the partial will be done away with. Christ was anointed by the Holy Spirit to proclaim the good news to the humble, affirming the blessedness of the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. He was sent to heal the brokenhearted, for God does not despise a humble and contrite heart, and to bring healing to those troubled by sin.

In declaring freedom to the captives, sight to the blind, and release to the prisoners, it is written, "Behold, I have called You to be a light for the nations, to open the eyes of the blind, to liberate captives from prison, and those who sit in darkness from the house of bondage." The "year of favor" and the "day of recompense" reference His entire ministry while He walked among us. The Apostle Paul speaks of this time as favorable, marking the day of salvation.

Should recompense be viewed through the lens of divine justice rather than merit, it alludes to the fate faced by the Jewish people following Christ's suffering, who were subject to God's wrath. He consoled those who mourn, stating, "Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted," delivering glory and a crown instead of ashes to those who grieved. Among them was Paul, who expressed his deep sorrow for his kin, the Israelites, wishing that he could be cut off from Christ for their sake.

And because of their mourning, they were filled with joy, as many Jews believed, and they replaced their mourning attire with garments of praise.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The significance of prophecy is articulated through these words, connecting it to our Lord Jesus Christ, who in this earthly existence imparted these truths to the Church and promised a future dwelling place. We do not require numerous witnesses to affirm this interpretation of prophecy, for it has been made evident by the Lord Himself. Whoever participates in the prayer gathering and takes hold of this book, when they open it, reveals an anointing with the Holy Spirit, not as divine but in His humanity. This revelation has been expressed through numerous scriptures.

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The impoverished are those who have turned away from heavenly treasures, while the brokenhearted are those whose reasoning has been shattered. The blind symbolize those unaware of God, who serve created things, and the prisoners are those who have defected to the enemy's side, losing their previous freedom.

The oil of joy is interpreted by Theodotion and Symmachus as the grace of joy, referencing the mystery of anointing, through which, if deemed worthy, we receive both joy and a splendid robe, the latter representing a spiritual covering. Likewise, the blessed David declares, "Such is the generation of those who seek the Lord" (Ps 23:6). The term “generation of righteousness” is understood to mean those who possess the essence of righteousness, planted by God for His praise. Such individuals exemplify the finest leaders of piety, overcoming the wickedness of the world, and are the first fruits of the Lord, nourished in the wilderness.

Eusebius of Caesarea

4th centuryTeacher of the Church

The approaching redemption through Christ embodies both divinity and humanity. He is divine as the only begotten Son who resides in the Father’s presence (Jn 1:18) and human as He is descended from the lineage of David in the flesh (Rom 1:3). In this context, the Word of God, referred to in prophecy as the Lord, places this prophecy alongside others and declares, I the Lord God will hasten to fulfill it in due time (Is 60:22). By receiving the anointing of the Holy Spirit, Christ, the Son of God, demonstrates that He is indeed the chosen one and the only begotten. The mission He was sent to accomplish—to proclaim the gospel to the poor—was realized at the appointed time.

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During His ministry, He declared the coming of the kingdom of heaven, offering blessings to His followers, as He stated, Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (Matt. 5:3). He also preached liberation to the nations that were ensnared spiritually by invisible foes (Is 61:1) through the disciples He had summoned. Likewise, He brought deliverance to those imprisoned and healing to the blind, enabling those trapped in the misconceptions of polytheism to regain their sight, proclaiming the year of the Lord's favor (Is 61:2). This moment of grace He accompanied with His teachings brought light to those close to Him. When He spoke of proclaiming the favorable year of the Lord and the day of vengeance of our God (Is 61:2), He was not referring to the ages that follow the culmination of this world but rather to that significant moment, during which He will also recompense those who have suffered in this life.

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The Lord has sent me, Christ asserts, to proclaim that the year of the Lord is favorable. This favorable year refers to the year of jubilee, which occurs every fiftieth year, during which, according to the Mosaic commandments, individuals were released from servitude, debts were absolved, and those who had sold or mortgaged their property received it back (Lev. 25:8, etc.). Consequently, the jubilee period was a time of joy for the Israelites. Christ, in His incarnation, arrived to herald the establishment of the kingdom of grace, which brings with it blessings and joy likened to the jubilee, the Lord’s delightful summer. The arrival of Christ’s kingdom signifies liberation from bondage to sin and the devil, the forgiveness of offenses, and reconciliation with God.

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This can be regarded as a day of vindication. For those who embrace the Gospel, a season of joy awaits; however, for adversaries of the Gospel, a day of retribution is imminent. The Lord will enact justice upon them in this life, similar to how He dealt with the Chaldeans through Cyrus, who rescued the captive Jews from their dominion. Yet, even more dreadful for the foes of the Gospel will be the eternal judgment they face.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.