Jeremiah 4:30Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

What does it mean to be clothed in scarlet? This phrase is symbolic. The prophet consistently depicts the city as an unseemly, wayward woman. Previously, he stated, "Thou shalt see thy ways in a place of much destruction" (Jer. 2:28), referring to the consequence of wicked actions driven by the allure of temptation. He warns, "If thou wilt in the same way entice your enemies, thou shalt not be able (to do it)," indicating that attempts to allure in such a manner would be in vain. When he mentions punishment with various colors, it alludes to the dark cosmetics that women often use to enhance their appearance. He draws a parallel to a harlot who seeks to lure her lovers with her beauty, reminiscent of Jezebel and the daughters of Israel. However, regarding the city, think of the severe calamities when those who are meant to be lovers turn against an alluring mistress, not only casting her aside but desiring her demise.

What actions will you take, you forsaken city? You will wrap yourself in crimson and decorate yourself with golden ornaments, applying eye makeup as a seductress does in her reckless desire. The prophet warns the people of Judah that their impending captivity is approaching swiftly, illustrating that their offerings to idols are futile, and they will not discover solace for their souls. Their embellishments are empty, their efforts fruitless, and perhaps they will only realize their foolishness when the Babylonians arrive, conquer them, and take them into exile.

And you, forsaken one, what will you do? The term "forsaken," which translates from the Hebrew as "sadud," has been interpreted by Akilah and others as "poor" and "wretched" due to your own transgressions against the compassionate Lord. Following this, it states: Even if you adorn yourself in purple, if you wear a golden necklace, and if you enhance your eyes with antimony, your efforts will be in vain; your suitors will turn their backs on you, and they will seek your very soul. This depicts the reality of an unfaithful spouse: having disrespected God and abandoned the Maker who is your true husband, you seek adornments futilely. Your lovers, represented as demons, will not pursue mere acts of fornication but will look to the ruin of your spirit.

What actions will you take when you find yourself in despair? In what refuge will you seek solace, and what space will you claim as your own? "If you dress in crimson and decorate yourself with golden ornaments; if you apply makeup to your eyes, your beauty will be in vain: your lovers will forsake you, and your soul will be searched for." It was common among the Jewish people to embellish themselves during the celebrations of false idols. The prophet calls attention to this superficial adornment, warning them that such efforts are futile and detrimental; for they received no assistance from these false gods, and it is more accurate to assert that these idols became the root of their calamities.