The Church Fathers on this verse

Job 13:14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Why do I tear my flesh with my teeth, and carry my soul in my hands?

Douay-Rheims

עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣י בְשִׁנָּ֑י וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י אָשִׂ֥ים בְּכַפִּֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Just as individuals may find solace by inflicting pain upon themselves in times of distress, I express a similar sentiment in making this statement. It is clear that these are not the words of someone who views themselves as upright, but rather the expressions of a person seeking to alleviate sorrow by uplifting the body and soothing the spirit through the spoken word.

“My soul,” he declares, “I will place in my own hand.” In other words, “I shall bring about my own end! Just as those who cause their own demise find comfort, this shall be my source of solace. If God does not bring my end, these words will be my consolation.”

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Why do I consume my own body with my teeth and risk my life? In the Holy Scriptures, the term 'teeth' symbolizes, as we should understand, holy ministers at times and inner emotions at others. This can be seen when it is stated about holy ministers addressing the Bride, "Thy teeth are as a flock of shorn sheep coming out of the bathing place" (Song of Songs 4:2). Consequently, one of them is told in a vision that when the Gentiles appeared before him, he was to 'slaughter and eat' (Acts 10:13), meaning to 'destroy their frailty and transform them into the body of the Church, its members.' Additionally, 'teeth' can be interpreted as our inner feelings, as noted by the prophet Jeremiah, "He hath broken my teeth by number" (Lamentations 3:16).

Read more (603 words)

Indeed, it is through our 'teeth' that food is crushed for ingestion. Therefore, we may rightly regard the term 'teeth' as representing our inner senses, which dissect or process the knowledge gained by the mind and relay it to the memory. The prophet mentions this when he states that 'they were broken in number.' For each particular sin contributes to a diminishment in our understanding, blinding us to the internal truths we might comprehend. Consequently, it is accurately written that "All he that eateth sour grapes shall have a splinter in his teeth" (Jeremiah 31:30). What are 'sour grapes' if not a representation of persistent sin? A 'sour grape' is a fruit that is picked prematurely. Similarly, this pertains to those who seek gratification in life's transient pleasures, akin to hastily consuming unripe fruit. Thus, 'those who consume sour grapes shall find splinters in their teeth,' for indulging in worldly pleasures burdens the inner senses, making it difficult to digest spiritual truths. When the soul feasts on sin, it cannot partake in the truth, and the 'teeth' bound by sinful habits are rendered incapable of processing anything good, even if the inclination for it exists within. Here as well, since we associate 'teeth' with the faculties of perception, we must scrutinize the actions of the righteous. Those who, upon discovering any trace of carnality within their inner senses, ardently pursue cleansing by self-discipline, chastising themselves in personal reflection, even for minor faults, and repenting for them. They do this for two reasons: they understand that they could stand far from the Eternal Judge if they do not acknowledge their wrongs, and they hope their self-examination will inspire others to abandon their faults as well. Blessed Job exemplified this for his friends, who were blinded by the allure of immediate glory and material wealth. Despite his efforts, he could not make them grasp the valuable lessons hidden within his sufferings, demonstrating that the Almighty not only grants prosperity but also sends trials through His grace. Hence, he articulates, "Why do I take my body with my teeth?" In other words, "Why do I engage my inner senses to battle fleshly desires if it fails to aid those observing me?" He further states, "and lay my life in my hand," signifying that to carry one's life in one’s hands signifies the manifestation of one’s heart through actions. The righteous must, in all they say and do, seek not only their own spiritual growth but also the edification of others. At times they reflect on their own deeds, encouraging the complacent to self-assess. Sometimes, they perform good works in a manner that instills a sense of shame in their audience, prompting them to emulate what is visible. As it is written, "They saw your good works and glorified your Father which is in Heaven" (Matthew 5:16). Thus, the person who reveals the intent of their heart through actions is said to 'carry their life in their hand,' but if a person acts in a way that fails to encourage others towards goodness through their own self-assessment or deeds, they are met with sorrow. Thus, it is fitting that he questions, "Why do I take my body with my teeth, and lay my life in my hand?" meaning, "Why do I condemn myself openly or demonstrate a transformed heart through my actions, if this does not lead others to transform either through rightly confronting my faults or through virtuous acts?" Yet, even amidst such reflections, the righteous remain dedicated to setting a positive example for others. Therefore, blessed Job, while demonstrating further patience before his companions, states:

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

Job is aware of the truths that he and his friends hold, and he is prepared, if needed, to present this before God. However, he is perplexed by their unwavering confidence in defending their erroneous beliefs (13: 1-12). He implores them to pay close attention, asserting that there is a worthy reason for him to submit himself to the most rigorous of judgments, as he invokes the Lord to evaluate his case based on their assertions (13-19). Turning then to the Lord, Job earnestly requests an explanation for his immense suffering (20-28) and poses the question of whether mankind, in his frailty and brief existence, truly merits such severe afflictions (14: 1-6).

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.