The Church Fathers on this verse

Job 31:33Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

If as a man I have hid my sin, and have concealed my iniquity in my bosom.

Douay-Rheims

אִם־כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֺֽנִי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

For I have not caused confusion among my people. This refers to those who were aware of and recognized sin. Herein lies true wisdom: speak of your transgressions first, so that you may be justified (Isaiah 43:26, LXX). I have not sought to present my good deeds to others, while yearning for all to be aware of my sins and failings. This exemplifies the highest form of nobility and serves as a model of virtue: to hide one’s acts of goodness while acknowledging one’s sins. Yet today, the practice is often the reverse.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

What qualities did St. Job find lacking, or what shortcomings did he fall prey to? Observe how he endured the trials of illness, exposure, and hunger! Note how he scorned the threats to his existence! Were his riches acquired through deceit, as he generously shared them with those in need? Did his wealth lead him to avarice, indulgence, or a pursuit of pleasure? Did the unjust actions of the three kings, or the scorn from the servants provoke him to wrath? Did he elevate himself through the fleeting allure of fame? On the contrary, he invoked severe consequences upon himself if he were to hide any unwitting transgressions or fearfully conceal them before a great assembly, as noted in Job 31:33-34, since true virtues reside with the self, in opposition to vices. Who could match the bravery of St. Job? Whom can we hold in comparison, labeling him as second, when there is hardly anyone who stands on equal footing with him?

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

If I have concealed my transgressions like a man and kept my sin hidden in my heart, Job 31:33. The hallmark of genuine humility for humanity lies in recognizing one’s wrongdoing and expressing it through the acknowledgment of guilt. Conversely, it is a common flawed practice among people to commit sins and hide them from others, then deny these wrongdoings, becoming accustomed to sin and thus multiplying and reinforcing it. Since the fall of our first ancestor, we inherit the corruptions of unrighteousness along with original sin. When Adam chose to touch the forbidden fruit, he tried to hide from the Lord among the trees of the Garden.

Read more (925 words)

His attempt to conceal himself, knowing he could not escape God’s sight, was not an effort at self-hiding but rather a preview of the harm he would endure. When God rebuked him for his action, Adam replied, “The woman whom You gave to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I ate” Gen. 3:12. In turn, the woman replied, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate” Gen. 3:13. They were questioned so that their confessions could obliterate the weight of their sin. The serpent, as the instigator, was not posed a question regarding sin, as he could not be restored to forgiveness. Adam was asked, “Where are you?” to prompt him to reflect on his transgression and recognize how far he had strayed from his Creator. Yet, instead of confessing, he chose to defend himself. While Adam sought to shift blame to the woman, and the woman to the serpent, their attempts at justification only multiplied their sin. Adam indirectly accused the Lord, as it was He who created the woman; Eve in turn pointed to the Lord for placing the serpent in the garden. The words of the serpent, “You shall be as gods” Gen. 3:5, illustrated an insatiable desire for divinity, leading them to attempt to make themselves equal to God even in wrongdoing. Consequently, those who seek to justify their wrongdoings only accumulate more sin, aggravating their guilt.

This tendency endures, as today’s humanity, when confronted with sin, often hides behind self-justifications, much like Adam’s leafy cover, casting obscurities towards their Creator rather than admitting their guilt. Thus, they don’t shield themselves from the Lord but rather obscure the Lord from their own view, failing to perceive Him who sees all. For every sinner, the initial step towards spiritual awakening is the humble act of confession. Those unafraid to recognize the wrong they have done often find that in admitting their faults, they open themselves to grace. In this light, when Jesus spoke to Lazarus, who was bound in heavy stones, He did not say, “be revived,” but rather “come forth” John 11:43. Through this act of resurrection, we see how we too can be revived in our hearts. The dead man, confined in his sins, must emerge outwardly to reveal what lies hidden in his heart. Thus, he is called to “come forth,” signifying a release from the concealment of sin, enabling him to step out and voice his confessions. When David, a prophet, returned from the depths of his sin, he was led to the voice of the Lord through Nathan’s rebuke of his actions.

Job, recognizing the grave extent of sin hidden within humanity, remarked, “If I have concealed my transgressions,” clearly noting that a man’s propensity to err mirrors that of our ancient progenitor. Job aptly adds, “and made my iniquity secret in my heart.” In Scripture, the term “heart” often denotes the mind, as in the Psalmist’s prayer regarding adversaries who are akin to us in nature yet differ in their actions: “And repay our neighbors sevenfold in their hearts” Psalms 78:12. The implication is that they may suffer inwardly as they inflict pain outwardly. The “bosom” hence symbolizes the hidden thoughts, illustrating the act of burying sin within the recesses of one’s conscience, away from acknowledgment through confession, as opposed to revealing it by seeking forgiveness. Conversely, James counsels, “Confess your transgressions to one another, and pray for one another that you may be healed” James 5:16. The wise Solomon states, “He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, but he who confesses and forsakes them will be pardoned” Proverbs 28:13.

It is essential to recognize that many may acknowledge their sins yet lack humility. We observe individuals who, without external accusation, admit their sinfulness, but when confronted with reproof, become defensive, striving to hide their faults. True humility allows one to see oneself as a sinner. Those who sincerely confess their sins will not negate this when reproached; instead, they affirm their admission. Thus, it is said, “The righteous man first condemns himself” Proverbs 18:17, desiring to appear righteous rather than sinful, admitting guilt when unchallenged but faltering when another points out their wrongs. Moreover, a proud defense exposes the insincerity of any confession previously made. Therefore, it is paramount to ensure that our sins are recognized and acknowledged willingly, rather than denied when others confront us. The sin of pride convinces a person that it suffices to admit wrongdoing on their own but avoids acceptance of the same when challenged by others.

In this light, blessed Job demonstrated profound humility, boldly confessing his wrongs despite living amidst adversaries. Observe that he articulated his virtues yet simultaneously admitted his sins, thereby affirming the integrity of his claims. His readiness to acknowledge both his righteous acts and his failings illustrates his candor. Hence, he is shown to be extraordinarily righteous in the sight of God, as he abstained from evil deeds and was open about those he could not escape. Although he held commendable virtues, he appeared even greater to me in the humility of his confessions. It is indeed more challenging to honestly disclose one’s failings, often due to feelings of shame, than to simply refrain from committing them. Every sin, while potentially evitable, requires even greater humility to acknowledge openly. Thus, Job’s willingness to confront his sin amid his multitude of virtues exemplifies the humility he embodied. True humility brings about a strength that allows the soul to embrace improvement without seeking appearances, particularly after the act of confession is made.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

In his discussions with friends, Job seeks to demonstrate that he is not deserving of the suffering he faces. He argues that his life has been marked not only by acts of kindness and external devotion, but also by genuine integrity at his core (31: 1-4). He asserts that deceit has no place in him (5-8); he has maintained pure thoughts, untouched by unholy desire towards another man's wife (9-12); and he viewed his servants as fellow beings (13-15). When aiding the less fortunate, Job never entertained thoughts of superiority or the power to harm others (16-23); he did not place his trust in his riches (24-25), engage in hidden sin (26-28), nor take pleasure in the misfortunes of enemies (29-30); his home was a welcoming haven for all travelers (30-32).

Read more (190 words)

Job considers his life so blameless that he confidently presents himself before the judgment of God (31-37) and feels no trepidation of falling under the curse that was placed upon Adam due to sin (38-40). Thus, Job's deeds and character exemplify not only the righteousness of the Old Testament faithful but also the noble traits that reflect the virtues of those in the New Testament. It is noteworthy that throughout these discourses, particularly the final portion, Job encapsulates his entire life narrative. We observe him in the roles of a family leader, a judge, and a man of authority; we gain insight into his interactions with peers and subordinates, as well as his compassion toward the unfortunate—revealing both his public actions and private motivations. This portrayal presents the entirety of his existence: the joy he once experienced, the sorrow he endures now, and the hopes he harbors for the future. Herein lies the essence of Job, which fittingly concludes his defense against his friends and affirmations of his innocence. Importantly, the concluding statements of Job (in the Slavonic and Default versions, 32: 1) signify a poignant part of the text.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.