John 6:19Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

From this too we must learn to have a bold and manly disposition of soul in temptations. We must possess a constant and strong hope in Christ, remaining firm in good hope for complete salvation, even if many tempting fears assail us.

Notice that Christ appears to those in the boat not immediately after they sailed, and not at the beginning of the danger. He appears when they had already gone many stadia from the mainland.

The grace of the Savior does not come at once, at the very beginning of what terrifies us. It comes when fear reaches its height, when danger is already powerful, and when we find ourselves, so to speak, in the midst of the waves of afflictions.

Then Christ appears unexpectedly. He removes fear and frees us from every danger. By ineffable power He transforms terrors, as it were, into joyful calm.

Thus, when Christ appears to us and shines upon us, we easily accomplish works beyond our hope. Though we are in danger in His absence, in His presence we need no toil to accomplish what is profitable.

Truly, Christ is the cessation of every danger and the accomplishment of exploits beyond hope for those who receive Him.

Nor should the number of stadia itself be passed over. It cannot be that nothing is signified by the saying, “When they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty stadia, then Jesus came to them,” cf. Jn 6:19.

It would have been enough to say “twenty-five” or “thirty,” especially since this was an estimate, not an assertion.

Could the Truth have suffered from an estimate, if He had said, “about thirty stadia,” or “about twenty-five stadia”? But from twenty-five He passed to thirty.

Let us consider the number twenty-five. Of what does it consist? From what is it formed? From the number five. This number five pertains to the Law.

There are the five books of Moses. There are the five porches where the sick lay, see Jn 5:2. There are the five loaves that fed five thousand men, Jn 6:8-13.

Thus the number twenty-five signifies the Law. Five multiplied by five, that is, five times five, gives twenty-five, five squared.

Yet before the coming of the Gospel, this Law lacked perfection. Perfection is contained in the number six.

For this reason God created the world in six days. The number five itself is multiplied by the number six, so that the Law may be fulfilled through the Gospel. Thus six multiplied by five makes thirty.

So Jesus came to those who fulfill the Law. And how did He come? Walking upon the waves, treading underfoot all the tumults of the world, and stepping over all the heights of the age.

This will continue until time is fulfilled and until the life of the world is completed. Sufferings increase in this world. Evil increases, sorrows increase, and all these rise up. Jesus walks, treading upon the waves.

Yet the sufferings are so great that even those who have believed in Christ and strive to endure to the end, see Mt 24:13, fear lest they fall.

Although Christ walks upon the waves, treading down the vanity and arrogance of the world, the Christian is afraid. Was this not foretold by Him?

For when Jesus walked on the waves, the disciples were afraid, cf. Jn 6:19. So Christians, although they have hope in the age to come, are often troubled over the collapse of human affairs.

They are troubled when they see the greatness of this world being trampled down. They open the Gospel, they open the Scripture, and find that all this was foretold there. For all this has been done by the Lord.

When He knew this, He again went to the mountain with His disciples and withdrew there alone. That is, He alone rested there. In view of this, the disciples came down from there to the sea.

They entered the boat and set out for Capernaum. They thought that Jesus Christ would again walk over the sea on foot and come to them a little later.

For this reason this Evangelist said: “and it was already dark, and Jesus had not come to them.” Everything else happened as he wrote.

During that walking on the sea, the disciples cried out in fear. During this one, they were only afraid, since by habit their fear was less.

There, when Jesus Christ said, “It is I; do not be afraid,” the disciples still did not believe. Therefore Peter said, “Lord, if it is You, command me to come to You on the water,” Mt 14:27-28.

Here, however, they believed at once, because they had already become accustomed to it. Then the wind did not cease until Jesus Christ entered the boat.

Now, as soon as His voice was heard, calm came. He did not even enter the boat. While they wished to receive Him, suddenly the boat reached the shore, and He Himself was behind it.

So many great miracles were gathered into this brief span of time. They strengthened the disciples’ faith in the Lord amid that troubled hour. They also prepared them for new truths, which both the disciples and others were to hear from Him.

As may be seen from Jn 6:17, Jesus Christ, having commanded the disciples to set out alone for the western side of the sea, promised to come to them in the boat at some point on the shore.

From this one may conclude that the disciples first had to keep a coastal course toward the northern end of the sea.

But suddenly a northeast wind arose and began driving the boat southwestward into the depths of the sea. In this condition they probably wished to reach as soon as possible the place to which they had been commanded to sail by the Lord.

Nevertheless, they struggled until the fourth watch, but did not reach the shore. At that time, when they were in the midst of the sea (Matthew and Mark), having sailed about twenty-five or thirty stadia (John), they saw Jesus walking on the waters.

Mark adds that He was making His way past them (Mk 6:48). Exhausted by the struggle with the waves and by fear for their lives, they did not believe their eyes.

They took Him for a phantom, and fear seized them still more. But Jesus Christ encouraged them with His voice.

Here follows the account belonging to the Evangelist Matthew alone, concerning the Apostle Peter walking on the waters (Mt 14:28-31).

The Evangelists end the story differently. First of all, John seems to contradict Matthew and Mark.

According to the latter, the disciples received Jesus, and in Matthew also Peter, into the boat, and the wind ceased. John says, “They wanted to receive Him into the boat, and immediately the boat reached the shore where they were going” (Jn 6:21).

It might seem that the meaning is this: the disciples only wanted to receive Jesus into the boat, but this proved unnecessary, because the boat reached the shore.

Yet it is not necessary to represent the matter in this way. “They wanted” is contrasted with their previous state, their fear that they were seeing not Jesus, but a phantom.

That fear had now passed, and they wanted to receive Him into the boat, whereas before they wanted to flee from Him.

“Immediately” is contrasted with their previous very prolonged and unsuccessful struggle with the waves. It is not necessary to understand the word as meaning that Christ did not have to sail several stadia with the disciples.

Five or ten stadia still remained to the shore. “Immediately” means only that the sailors, now with Jesus, reached the shore as quickly as before they had long and unsuccessfully striven to reach it.

What the first Evangelists indicated by the words “and the wind ceased,” John expresses with the words, continuing the same thought: “immediately the boat reached the shore.”

Then Matthew and Mark seem to contradict one another. The first says that the disciples worshiped the Lord and confessed Him to be the Son of God after they were convinced of the miracle of Jesus Christ walking on the waters.

The latter says (Mk 6:51-52) that the disciples’ heart was hardened, and that they had not understood the miracle of the loaves, but only wondered and were amazed at the new miracle.

From this, however, it follows only that the disciples, struck by the greatness of the miracle, bowed before the Lord and confessed Him as the Messiah.

At the same time, they wondered that Christ performed such extraordinary and unheard-of deeds. The Apostle Peter, from whose words Mark speaks here, observes such a disposition and reflection in the depth of the disciples’ souls.

He considers it a defect, a hardening of heart. According to him, the miracle of the feeding was so great that after it there should have been no room for any questions.

They should not have questioned the power or possibility for Jesus Christ to perform even such a miracle as walking on the waters.

Since the first three Evangelists say that evening had already come before the feeding (Mt 14:15), a second evening must be understood here. Among the Jews, the first was from three to six o’clock, and the second from sunset until nightfall.

In the time of Christ the Jews divided the night into four watches of three hours each. The fourth watch was from three to six o’clock in the morning.

The whole sea from east to west measured forty stadia. According to John, therefore, the disciples were in the middle of the sea.

But by the expression “in the midst of the sea,” the Evangelists Matthew and Mark only mean that the disciples were far from shore. Consequently, amid the disturbance of the sea, they were in danger.

“They wished to receive Him into the boat, and immediately,” and so forth. John omits Matthew’s account of Peter walking on the water, which Mark also omits. He also omits further features of the event after the Lord entered the boat.

Yet John supplements their accounts by saying that the boat immediately reached the shore toward which they were going. This is a new miracle, which the first Evangelists do not mention in the general account of the miracle.

In this there seems to be a disagreement between John and the first Evangelists. To resolve it, Chrysostom supposed that these were different events.

Yet the time, the place, and the particular features of the Evangelists’ accounts show that they narrate one and the same event. John’s narrative is simply shorter and adds a new feature that supplements those accounts. For this reason it seems to disagree.

It seems that one need not bind oneself strictly to the literal meaning of the word “immediately,” εὐθέως; cf. the note on Mt 24:29.

John does not say that the Lord did not enter the boat. If he had wished to say this, the construction would have had to be different: they wished to receive Him into the boat, but the boat immediately reached the shore.

Only with such a “but” would the thought be that the Lord did not enter, or did not manage, so to speak, to enter the boat before it reached the shore. In John the construction is different.

Therefore, according to John’s thought, the Lord entered the boat, as also in Matthew’s narrative. Suddenly the wind ceased, and the boat reached the shore toward which they were going.

Meanwhile those in the boat were in extreme amazement, according to Mark, and confessed their faith in the Lord as the Messiah, according to Matthew.

Having crossed in this way, according to Matthew and Mark, the disciples came with the Lord into the land of Gennesaret. The discussion concerns the whole crossing, not only the end of the crossing. Afterward they came to Capernaum, according to John, which lay in that region.

The latter is closer to the letter of the original, διηγηρετο. The former is closer to the thought of the scene. The boat was beaten and tossed by the waves.

Jesus saw the distress of the disciples from the mountain of prayer. Around the “fourth watch,” that is, the morning watch, by our reckoning about four o’clock after midnight, Mk 6:48, 47; Mt 14:23-25, the disciples “see Jesus walking on the sea and drawing near to the boat, and they were afraid.” They “thought it was a phantom,” Mt 14:26.

“It is I; do not be afraid,” Jesus says to them. According to St. Matthew, Peter volunteered to go on the water to Jesus. But he became afraid and was saved from death by Jesus, 14:28-31.

Then Jesus entered the boat with the disciples, and the wind ceased, Mt 14:32. Or, as St. John says, “and immediately,” ευθειος, “the boat was at the land”; the boat reached the shore.

John writes: ηθελον ουν λαβειν αυτον εις το πλοιον. Chrysostom thinks that, although the disciples wished to receive Him, they did not receive Him into the boat.

This opinion does not agree with the narratives of St. Mark, Mk 6:51, and Matthew, Mt 14:31. Chrysostom was so carried away by it that he even supposed there were two different events in the Evangelists.

There is no need for this, if John’s words are understood in this way: they wished to receive Him. This would mean only that a circumstance known from the other accounts was not fully stated.

Meanwhile, in usage, as in Plato and Xenophon, ἦθελον λαβειν means that they were glad to receive Him.

Therefore, in a moment of popular excitement, the disciples could have been carried away by their very love for the Lord. They might have been drawn into actions not in accord with His teaching and His will. For this reason He temporarily removes them from the crowd.

That same night He reveals Himself to them, and to them alone, as Master of the world and of the powers of the earth. For a time they are subjected to temptation. Around them is darkness, “it was dark,” and the sea is troubled.

Yet the Lord, even from afar, speaking according to His humanity, “saw them distressed in rowing,” Mk 6:48, and preserved them. Compare Chrysostom on Jn 6 and homily 43 on Mt 14:23-24.

In Mk 6 it is said, “the boat was in the middle of the sea.” This agrees entirely with John the Evangelist, for the Sea of Tiberias is forty to fifty stadia wide, or about seven versts. A stadium equals 606 English feet.

Matthew the Evangelist recounts the miracle of walking on the waters in the greatest detail, Mt 14:25-34; cf. Mk 6:47-53. In him we find the account of the trial of the Apostle Peter’s faith.

Peter did not endure the test completely. Yet by the strength of his faith he had already become first among the Apostles. Peter’s denial was the same momentary wavering as that which he experienced while walking on the waters.

According to the Synoptic Gospels, the Lord entered the boat with the disciples. John the Evangelist supplements this narrative with verse 21, saying that when they wished to receive the Lord into the boat, the boat immediately reached the shore toward which they were going.

Thus the eyewitness of the events, himself a participant in them, lets us understand something. For human perception, only a moment passed between the Lord’s appearance near the boat and its arrival at its destination. The Lord was already among His disciples and went ashore with them.

The greatness of Him who had called them to Himself was gradually disclosed to the disciples. Their hearts had burned at His words, yet He had not yet revealed to them all His glory.

Here, on the Lake of Tiberias, the Lord prepares their understanding for the reception of higher mysteries. He reveals Himself as Lord and Master of the powers of the world, and discloses to them who He is.

Very soon after this, the three chief Apostles, Peter, James, and John, were counted worthy to behold with mortal eyes the Transfiguration of the Lord on Mount Tabor, Mt 17:1-9; Mk 9:1-9; Lk 9:28-36.

Tabor is a solitary mountain in the Valley of Jezreel, within Galilee. It lies not far from the southern end of the Lake of Tiberias, to the west of it.