The Church Fathers on this verse

Judges 14:18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And they, on the seventh day before the sun went down, said to him: What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said to them: If you had not ploughed with my heifer, you had not found out my riddle.

Douay-Rheims

וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ יָבֹ֣א הַחַ֔רְסָה מַה־מָּת֣וֹק מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה עַ֖ז מֵאֲרִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֔ם לוּלֵא֙ חֲרַשְׁתֶּ֣ם בְּעֶגְלָתִ֔י לֹ֥א מְצָאתֶ֖ם חִידָתִֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

When they discerned the solution before the sun set, they replied: What surpasses honey in sweetness? What possesses greater strength than a lion? Samson then remarked, ‘And what is more deceitful than a woman?’ For, if you had not disturbed my heifer, you would have never unraveled my riddle.

They responded, ‘What could be sweeter than honey, and what is mightier than a lion?’ To which he countered, If you had not vexed my heifer, you would not have uncovered my riddle. Behold, the divine enigma! Behold, the clear mystery! We have escaped from the slayer, we have triumphed over the mighty. The sustenance of life now replaces the prior hunger of wretched death. Peril has transformed into safety, sorrow into joy.

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From sin flows grace, from frailty arises strength, and from death springs forth life. Yet, there are those who assert that the bond of marriage cannot be fortified until the lion from the tribe of Judah is vanquished. Thus, bees were discovered within His body, symbolizing the church that gathered the honey of wisdom, for after the sufferings of the Lord, the apostles’ faith grew stronger. This lion was slain by Samson, who was a Jew; in him, he discovered honey symbolizing the inheritance awaiting redemption, so that others might also be saved through the grace of election (Rom. 11:5). It is noted, ‘The Spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he went to Ascalon and struck down thirty men.’ He was destined to triumph, for he understood the decrees. Thus, the garments they received were a reward for their wisdom, a sign of friendship to those who had deciphered and provided the solution to the mystery.

Caesarius of Arles

6th centuryChurch Father

Let us examine the riddle presented by Samson to the foreign guests: Out of the eater came something to eat, and out of the strong came something sweet. This enigma was comprehended, shared with his companions, and unraveled: Samson faced defeat. The question of his righteousness as a husband remains obscure; his virtue is not readily apparent. While it is noted that he fell prey to a woman's deceit and consorted with a harlot, his virtues may seem insufficient to those who do not grasp the profound mysteries of truth. Nevertheless, it is worth acknowledging that even a prophet, at the command of the Lord, was instructed to marry a harlot.

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In the context of the Old Testament, such actions were likely neither considered wrong nor worthy of censure, as both words and actions were often laden with prophetic significance.

As for the words, Out of him that drinketh came forth the poisonous, and out of the strong came forth the sweet, what else could they represent but Christ who triumphed over death? Indeed, from that which is venomous, namely death—devourer of all—came forth sustenance, encapsulated in His declaration, I am the bread that came down from heaven (John 6:41). The Gentiles were transformed and received the sweetness of life from Him who suffered from humanity's corruption, to whom they offered bitter vinegar and gall. And behold, from the mouth of the slain lion—symbolizing the death of Christ, who lay dormant like a lion—emerged a multitude of bees, representing Christians. When Samson stated, If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle, this heifer symbolizes the Church, which understands the mysteries of our faith revealed to her by her Bridegroom. Through the teachings and proclamations of the apostles and saints, she has disseminated the mysteries of the Trinity, the resurrection, judgment, and the kingdom of heaven to the farthest corners of the earth, promising eternal life to all who comprehend and embrace them.