The Church Fathers on this verse

Judges 7:5Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And when the people were come down to the waters, the Lord said to Gedeon: They that shall lap the water with their tongues, as dogs are wont to lap, thou shalt set apart by themselves: but they that shall drink bowing down their knees, shall be on the other side.

Douay-Rheims

וַיּ֥וֹרֶד אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־גִּדְע֗וֹן כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יָלֹק֩ בִּלְשׁוֹנ֨וֹ מִן־הַמַּ֜יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר יָלֹ֣ק הַכֶּ֗לֶב תַּצִּ֤יג אוֹתוֹ֙ לְבָ֔ד וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִכְרַ֥ע עַל־בִּרְכָּ֖יו לִשְׁתּֽוֹת׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Dogs are beings worthy of admiration rather than disdain. They loyally serve their keeper, already protecting his home from foes with their barks. The sixty-seventh Psalm speaks of “thy dogs” who have licked the blood of their enemies (Psalms 67:24). It is noteworthy that the commendation is directed at their tongue rather than their teeth. There was significance when the Lord instructed Gideon to bring only those three hundred men who lapped water as a dog would. These three hundred emerged from among all the people, drinking from their hands with their mouths. In this act, we find a symbol of the cross, as the Greek letter ‘tau’ represents the number three hundred.

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The reference to dogs should not always carry a negative connotation. Indeed, the prophet would not criticize dogs if their watchmen were not all blind and ignorant, described as dumb dogs, incapable of barking, lying down while dreaming, and preferring slumber (Isaiah 56:10). Certainly, the dogs in question would be commendable if they could bark and remained vigilant. Moreover, the three hundred men barking from their hands embody a sacred number, aligning with the letter of the cross. It would not have been selected for the triumph of the barkers if it didn’t connect to the profound sacrament. Esteemed dogs watch and bark to protect their household and keeper, their flock and shepherd. Ultimately, the praises of the church, which echo the prophecy, highlight the tongue of the dogs, not their teeth.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Why did God intend for only those who, like a dog, lapped the water to be confronted? The Lord Himself provided the answer. He stated, “Many men who are with you, for this cause I will not deliver Midian into their hand, lest Israel should boast against Me, saying: My hand shall save me.” As a result, when a significant number of people were dismissed, God instructed that those who remained should be taken to the river. Among these, many bent down on their knees and drank, but three hundred men stood apart—not out of laziness—choosing instead to scoop water with their hands to bring to their lips. These were the individuals that God commanded to face their adversaries, so that His assistance might be evident to all.

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Similarly, through the twelve fishermen, tax collectors, and one tentmaker, the Lord triumphed over the legions of darkness and redeemed humanity. The Prophet Isaiah thus drew a parallel, declaring, “the rod of the unrepentant scattered Lord, as in the day, and on Midian” (Is. 9:4).

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

They were brought to the water to drink, and those who drank while kneeling were released from the conflict. The water represents the teaching of wisdom, while kneeling signifies the correctness of the act. It is noted that those who drank the water in a kneeling position were excluded from the struggle, as Christ stands with those who, consumed by the stream of doctrine, maintain the integrity of their actions. Although all participated in drinking the water, not everyone did so with bowed knees. Those who kneeled while drinking were rejected because, as the apostle points out, it is not the mere listeners of the law who are righteous in the sight of God, but the ones who actively follow it who will be justified (Rom. 2:13).

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As we have indicated, kneeling represents negligence of the action, which is echoed in Paul’s exhortation to strengthen the feeble hands and the weak knees, and to walk in a manner befitting one's purpose (Heb. 12:12). Therefore, one who is guided by Christ enters into battle, embodying in action what he declares with his words, drawing spiritual sustenance from the well of doctrine, and refusing to bow physically before the temptations of sin.