The Church Fathers on this verse

Mark 3:23Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And after he had called them together, he said to them in parables: How can Satan cast out Satan?

Douay-Rheims

και προσκαλεσαμενος αυτους εν παραβολαις ελεγεν αυτοις πως δυναται σατανας σαταναν εκβαλλειν

Greek (Byzantine text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The Lord declares that Satan cannot expel Satan. If someone, invoking the power of the lowest authorities, manages to cast out a spirit yet believes that the Lord’s words are not true, they should reflect on the implications of this. Even when Satan leaves a person's body and faculties unaffected, his purpose is to achieve a greater goal: the deceitful domination of that individual's will. In this manner, Satan does not retreat but instead burrows deeper, exerting influence over mankind as noted by the apostle: "according to the will of the prince that ruleth the air, the spirit that worketh now in the sons of disobedience" (Eph. 2:2). Satan does not disrupt their physical senses or inflict torment upon them; rather, he governs their will, specifically their greed.

Bogolepow D.P.

19th centuryCommentator

The miraculous healing of the blind man possessed by demons left a profound impression on the crowd, leading many to question whether the one who restored his sight was indeed the Messiah. This mindset was troubling to the adversaries of Jesus, namely the scribes and Pharisees, but the divine nature of the healing was evident to all. In an attempt to discredit this miracle, they attributed it to the power of Beelzebub, the ruler of demons.

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To counter this false accusation, Christ presented two arguments: first, if He was casting out demons through Beelzebub's power, it would mean that Satan was working against himself, which is ludicrous, as such a scenario could not support the existence of Satan’s kingdom (25-26); second, if the Pharisees claimed that He drove out demons by Beelzebub, they must also account for the exorcisms performed by their own followers, which they have failed and would fail to do (27). The Lord then clarified the nature of His miracles, emphasizing that He performs these acts through the Holy Spirit—in scripture described figuratively as the finger of God (v. 20)—indicating to those witnessing these events that the reign of Satan, who had previously tormented humanity, was ending and the Kingdom of God had now arrived (28). Verse 29 underscores the necessity of this conclusion: if those enslaved by Satan are liberated, it implies that the mightier One, the Messiah, has come to confront and subdue the strong man, Satan, and is actively reclaiming his spoils. Following this, Christ declared: ‘Whoever is not with Me is against Me, and whoever does not gather with Me wastes away.’ The imagery here, particularly in the latter part, evokes a harvest. If we view this statement as part of the rebuttal against the Pharisees’ accusations that He casts out demons through Beelzebub, it suggests an absolute divide between Beelzebub and Christ—there can be no neutral stance concerning Christ; one is either with Him or against Him. On the other hand, if this verse is linked not to what precedes it, but instead to what follows, it serves as a caution and a warning to those wavering between adhering to the Pharisees or siding with Christ.

Gladkow B.I.

19th centuryCommentator

In response to the accusation directed at Him, Jesus noticed that the scribes were hesitant to directly claim that He cast out demons by the power of Beelzebub, opting instead to insinuate this notion among the people discreetly. However, Jesus confronts them candidly, countering their falsehoods and demonstrating His all-knowing nature, a true reflection of His divine essence. To make His point clear, He begins with illustrations that resonate universally, compelling His adversaries to acknowledge the fallacy of their claims.

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He states that any community—whether it be a kingdom, a city, or a household—draws its strength from the unity of its members. Should discord, disputes, and conflict arise among them, causing divisions and enmity, the very fabric of that community will weaken and ultimately dissolve. Jesus continues, “If I, by the power of a demon, am casting out other demons, it implies there exists contention and strife among them, leading to their mutual destruction. If Satan expels Satan, he is divided against himself; and if he is divided, he has lost his power and is doomed; thus, how can he then expel anyone else?” This serves as the first refutation of their claims.

Michail (Lusin)

19th centuryCommentator

Having summoned them, He called from the crowd surrounding Him to reveal their true nature. He communicated with them through parables, as indicated before Mark 3:30; refer to the remarks on Matthew 12:25-32 for further insight.

Paul Matwejewski

19th centuryCommentator

In response to the deceit that fundamentally challenged the most compelling evidence of Jesus Christ's divine commission—miracles (John 5:36)—He fiercely opposed it. Aware of the hidden intentions of His adversaries, He sought to dismantle their fabricated rationale for the miracles by first highlighting a well-known truth: "Every kingdom divided against itself shall be desolate, and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand; and if Satan casts out Satan, he is divided against himself; how then shall his kingdom stand?" This internal inconsistency in the Pharisees’ logic, which depicted evil spirits as opposing one another instead of cooperating, rendered their accusations absurd and reckless.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.

The original text

Greek text, 12 words with lemma, transliteration and Strong’s number. Tap to expand.

  1. Καὶ
    kai
    and
    G2532 · καί
  2. προσκαλεσάμενος
    proskalesamenos
    I summon
    G4341 · προσκαλέω
  3. αὐτοὺς
    autous
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  4. ἐν
    en
    in
    G1722 · ἐν
  5. παραβολαῖς
    parabolais
    a parable
    G3850 · παραβολή
  6. ἔλεγεν
    elegen
    I say
    G3004 · λέγω
  7. αὐτοῖς
    autois
    he
    G846 · αὐτός
  8. Πῶς
    pōs
    how
    G4459 · πως
  9. δύναται
    dynatai
    I am powerful
    G1410 · δύναμαι
  10. Σατανᾶς
    satanas
    an adversary
    G4567 · Σατανᾶς
  11. Σατανᾶν
    satanan
    an adversary
    G4567 · Σατανᾶς
  12. ἐκβάλλειν
    ekballein
    I throw
    G1544 · ἐκβάλλω