The Church Fathers on this verse

Obadiah 1:20Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel, all the places of the Chanaanites even to Sarepta: and the captivity of Jerusalem that is in Bosphorus, shall possess the cities of the south.

Douay-Rheims

וְגָלֻ֣ת הַֽחֵל־הַ֠זֶּה לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר־כְּנַעֲנִים֙ עַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת וְגָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּסְפָרַ֑ד יִֽרְשׁ֕וּ אֵ֖ת עָרֵ֥י הַנֶּֽגֶב׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

In this passage, reference is made to those who have been exiled from Jerusalem or Judea to Babylon, describing it as a transportation of peoples. However, it is stated that their beginning shall be the portion of the land that falls under their command, akin to how a governed person is designated by the term ruler. Therefore, it is declared that the beginning and the inheritance of the land of the Canaanites shall belong to those who were once displaced. This refers to the region including Arabia, extending 'unto Sarepta,' or Sidon, which directs attention to Phoenicia. Furthermore, it is mentioned that their dominion will reach 'as far as Ephrath,' or as some interpreters suggest, 'even as far as the Bosphorus,' encompassing the southernmost areas in the east.

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They shall conquer these territories, 'as far as Ephrath,' or, according to alternative readings, 'even to the Bosphorus.' They will also overcome 'the cities of Nagevah,' signifying the southern regions. The prophecy seems to hint at India, as these lands are among the southernmost. This indicates that they will expand their reach throughout the south and north, east and west—they will possess every city and territory. The phrase 'and men shall ascend' succinctly captures the essence of the prophecy; for it reflects that the inhabitants of Zion, who have been redeemed by the Lord and liberated from their bondage, will one day 'come up' to exact retribution upon Esau. Historically, they engaged in conflict with the Idumeans after their captivity, and the Sovereign of all, despite having previously turned away from them due to their apostasy—when they worshiped golden calves—once again extended His mercy and reign over them.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Abijah, the briefest of the prophets, delivers his message against Idumea, referring to the descendants of Esau, the disfavored firstborn of Isaac's twin sons, and grandsons of Abraham. If we interpret Idumea as representative of the Gentiles through a partial expression, we can see the significance of the prophet’s words concerning Christ: "And on Mount Zion shall be salvation, and it shall be a sanctuary" (Abd. 1:17). Toward the conclusion of the prophecy, it is stated: "And those who are saved shall ascend from Mount Zion to judge the mountain of Esau, and the kingdom of the Lord shall be"¹. This prophecy was indeed realized when the saved from Mount Zion, notably the believers in Christ from Judea, primarily the apostles, ascended to challenge the mountain of Esau.

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Their defense was nothing less than the proclamation of the gospel, which offered salvation to believers, liberating them from the dominion of darkness and bringing them into God's kingdom. This is precisely what the prophet reiterated in his concluding remarks: "And the kingdom of the Lord shall be" (Abd. 1:21). Mount Zion represents Judea, where the prophecy foretold the arrival of salvation and the Holy One, namely Jesus Christ. The mountain of Esau symbolizes Idumea, depicting the Gentile Church, which, as previously explained, is fortified by those saved from Zion so that it may become a kingdom for the Lord. Though elusive at first, this truth has manifested, and who among the faithful is not aware of its fulfillment?

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

Those excluded from the children of Israel will receive an inheritance stretching from Canaan to Sarepta, while those separated from Jerusalem to Spain will inherit the southern cities. The prophet refers to the captives from the kingdom of Judah and Israel, who were taken to distant lands, symbolized here by Spain, and he indicates that the Lord will fulfill His promise by gathering this assembly from the four corners of the earth (Zechariah 2:6). Those liberated from Babylon will return to Mount Zion to bring judgment upon the mountain of Esau, which means to utterly destroy the house of Esau. The kingdom of the Lord will be established (Abd. 1:21), for all nations will humble themselves and serve the people of the Lord—a people who, as stated in the psalm, are the works of the Lord's hands (Ps. 21:32).

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Those who are part of His host, the descendants of Israel, will inherit the entirety of the Canaanites' territory all the way to Sarepta. Similarly, those from Jerusalem, situated by the Bosphorus, shall take control of the southern cities. The deliverers will ascend Mount Zion to judge the hill of Esau, establishing a kingdom for the Lord therein. Our translation diverges significantly from the traditional (vulgate) edition; thus, we ought to rely on the original Hebrew text for historical interpretation. Those who returned from Babylon to Judah, as documented in Ezra and Nehemiah, will rightfully be referred to as the displaced ones.

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All the host of the children of Israel from the south, west, and north shall inherit the lands of the Idumeans, the Philistines, the city of Ephraim, and Samaria. Additionally, Benjamin will particularly claim Gilead, due to its proximity to the wilderness. On the eastern front, they will hold the entire land of the Canaanites up to Sidon’s Sarepta, where a widow once cared for Elijah. Those who were taken away from Jerusalem, the primary city, to Safarad, understood here as Bosphorus, will occupy the southern cities within the territory of Judah; upon their return, they will reclaim the surrounding areas near their city. When this comes to pass, the Lord will send, as depicted in the book of Judges, deliverers to liberate the people from captivity. They shall come and ascend to Mount Zion to dispense judgment upon Esau's mountain, which symbolizes the Idumeans' subjugation, and upon the mastery of all, a kingdom for the Lord shall emerge.

In the text where ‘Bosphorus’ is indicated, the Hebrew reads ‘Sapharad,’ which has been rendered as ‘Ephratha’ in the Greek translation for unspecified reasons. However, translations by Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion correctly align with the Hebrew text. We have learned from a Jewish teacher of Scripture that Sapharad refers to the Bosphorus and that this was the region into which Hadrian relocated the captives. When our Christ returns, these captives will find their way back to Judea. Alternatively, it might indicate a space within the Babylonian dominion, although another interpretation may apply. The prophets, when reference is made to Babylon, Ammonites, Moabites, Philistines, and other nations, frequently employ terms from their languages while retaining certain regional dialect qualities.

Since the term 'limit,' termed ‘gebul’ in Hebrew, corresponds with ‘sarcharad’ in Assyrian, it is plausible to infer that Jerusalem's inhabitants, previously dispersed across various territories, would regain control over southern cities, aligned with their tribes. The Hebrew text denotes ‘mosim’ rather than what we translated as ‘the saviors shall ascend’—the LXX reading ‘the saved’—highlighting an active sense rather than the passive understood by the LXX.

As we conclude our historical interpretations and navigate through challenging obstacles, let us embrace the spiritual insights that lead us, with the wind of the Lord guiding our understanding, to the safe harbour of truth. When the time comes for Benjamin to possess Gilead, the exiled armies of the children of Israel, once carnal and now revitalized, will arrive in Canaan. The prophetic message, once starved in Judah due to drought in Israel, will flourish in the dew of the Gentiles, bringing nourishment to the faithful.

‘Sarepta’ likely denotes “need for bread” or signifies “burning,” while ‘Canaan’ implies “movement” or “merchant” and also reflects humility. When the displaced children of Israel embrace the life-giving spirit over the lifeless letter of the law, they will transform all aspects related to it. They will treasure a singular precious pearl among many, setting aside Jewish pride for Christian humility, arriving at a place that was previously desolate, where once a widow struggled to provide for her son, now destined for purification.

Conversely, the captives from Jerusalem, once a vision of peace and now scattered, will possess the southern cities, embodying the true and perfect light of the churches. In their repentance, they will echo the sentiment of the bride, saying, “Where you graze, where you rest at noon.” They will return with Joseph, their unity restored, revived by the Good Shepherd's influence.

If we interpret the LXX’s ‘Ephratha,’ it undoubtedly represents the faith of Christ, as Ephrathah connotes ‘fruitfulness’ and bears two names, also being known as Bethlehem, the birthplace of heavenly sustenance. Upon the fulfillment of these events, the saviors, or those saved from the remnant of Israel, will ascend Mount Zion, enacting judgment upon Esau's mountain. Just as the Lord, as light, referred to His apostles as light and called Peter a stone, so too will the Savior designate His apostles as the world’s saviors. Having ascended to the church’s summit and overcome the pride of the Jews and other rebellious forces against the knowledge of God, they will establish the Lord's kingdom.

I have quickly documented these reflections following the longstanding teachings of the ancients, particularly including Jewish interpretations, expressing my thoughts openly, though it remains uncertain whether Christ inspired them. Therefore, wise readers should seek coherence in thought rather than mere elegance in presentation. Dictation differs from polished writing; it allows for spontaneous expression in the presence of a scribe when the urgency to speak supersedes silence. With the prophet, we engaged in youth, launching into this endeavor now in our later years. If anyone presents something superior and more truthful, let his view be embraced.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Nevertheless, they will remain unsatisfied and will claim the mountain of Esau as their own, guided by the King of Heaven and yielding themselves to Him. It is important to recognize that the conclusion of Ezekiel's blessed prophecy aligns with the conclusion of this message. For in that place, Ezekiel also announces the division of the land and the restoration of God’s people, along with the authority and strength bestowed upon them by the Divine. Oh, how we too might be granted this strength and refuge from our generous God! Let us strive for this, avoiding the ways of Esau and his lineage, and instead, following the teachings of the apostles by rejoicing with those who are joyful and mourning with those who grieve, encouraging one another towards wisdom (Rom. 12:15-16).

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By living such a life of devotion to the Sovereign of all, we shall partake in His blessings, through the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, to whom be glory alongside the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and always and forever. Amen.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.