The Church Fathers on this verse

Obadiah 1:18Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau stubble: and they shall be kindled in them, and shall devour them: and there shall be no remains of the house of Esau, for the Lord hath spoken it.

Douay-Rheims

וְהָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּבֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה וּבֵ֤ית עֵשָׂו֙ לְקַ֔שׁ וְדָלְק֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכָל֑וּם וְלֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה שָׂרִיד֙ לְבֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

The unwary Idumeans mistakenly believed they would claim the inheritance of Jacob's house, signifying the line of Jacob, and had already divided the land, laying it to waste. However, the prophet declares that their fate will dramatically shift, as they themselves will become the possession of Jacob's descendants and will be consumed like straw in flames. The house of Jacob shall burn fiercely, while the house of Joseph will not be overwhelmed by any fire. Consequently, they will be completely annihilated, leaving no remnants, no firebrand from the entire nation. The prophetic message articulates this transformation using the term ‘fire-bearer,’ referring to Jacob's house as a fire and Joseph's house as a flame.

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The terms may reasonably be interpreted as referring to the descendants of Judah and Benjamin for Jacob, while Joseph represents the inhabitants of Samaria, or the ten tribes, whose leadership was sometimes from Ephraim, descendants of Joseph. The people shall also reclaim the city of Ephraim, Samaria, Benjamin, and Gilead—territories once allotted to the tribes of Israel during the leadership of Jesus, the successor to Moses. Yet, since these lands were desolated prior to Nebuchadnezzar's reign, through the campaigns of the Assyrians under kings like Tulo and Salmanassar, the prophet proclaims that these regions will once again be inhabited, and will no longer remain the wasteland they had become.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The house of Jacob will be devoured by flames, while the house of Esau will be consumed like stubble. There will be no survivors left from the house of Esau; the Jewish people will eradicate them just as fire consumes chaff, leading to their total annihilation. This campaign was initiated by David and Amaziah and was ultimately fulfilled by the Jews upon their return from exile, alongside their brethren from the tribes of Israel who had come back from Persia. They stripped the Idumeans of all authority, compelling them to convert to their faith and embrace the Jewish law.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

On Mount Zion, there will be deliverance, and it will be consecrated. The descendants of Jacob shall reclaim what once belonged to them. Jacob's descendants will be like a blazing fire, while Joseph’s descendants will ignite as a flame, and the house of Esau will become as dry straw; they will be consumed and annihilated, leaving no survivors from Esau’s lineage, for this is what the Lord has declared. When Edom faces destruction from the nations that once allied with it against Jacob, a remnant will remain on Mount Zion, where salvation will be realized, and it shall be sacred. This indicates either the Lord’s return to the temple He had abandoned due to transgressions, or that it shall be entirely holy, including the innermost sanctuary.

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Under the leadership of Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah, Jacob’s lineage will reclaim the heritage from those who had it before. Judah, representing the house of Jacob, will become a conflagration, while the house of Joseph, encompassing the ten tribes, will radiate as a flame, since Ephraim was born from Joseph, from whose tribe the kingdom of Samaria emerged. In contrast, Esau’s house, the Idumeans, who acted with cruelty toward their brother, will be reduced to nothingness. Just as fire quickly consumes straw, these two kingdoms, united as one vine according to Ezekiel, will devastate Edom and bring about its utter ruin, leaving no one to proclaim the downfall of their enemies.

The term ‘messenger’ indicates those once deemed ‘frumantarii,’ or providers of sustenance, who were historically not slain in battle and thus could relay news of defeat. However, it is more prudent to adhere to the Hebrew text, where ‘sirid’ can signify ‘the remnant,’ as Aquila interprets, ‘the one who fled’ according to Symmachus, or ‘the one who remained’ per Theodotion. All these events will transpire because the Lord has decreed it; His command equates to fulfillment.

Another interpretation suggests that following the destruction of earthly desires and the earthly kingdom, salvation will blossom within the church for those who have remained loyal to their spiritual Mother. The Holy One, as Isaiah attests, ‘Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God of hosts,’ will dwell there, resonating with the truth that they are set apart as sacred. The house of Jacob will reclaim its rightful inheritance, converting its persecutors to believers, welcoming even the Idumeans into the faith, while Esau’s descendants will be reduced to nothing.

As straw cannot withstand the fire, so Esau’s house will falter against Jacob’s fervent assertions, ignited by the word of the Lord, because ‘the words of the Lord are kindled.’ They will also fail before the house of Joseph, which signifies increase, providing sustenance to the people in Egypt despite being sold by his brothers; yet in the initial strife, their arguments will dissipate entirely. They shall perish for their deliverance, in accordance with Isaac’s blessing on Esau: ‘I have made him lord over thee, and made all thy brethren his servants.’ There will be no remnant of Esau’s house when, before Christ, ‘every knee shall bow’ and when everything shall acknowledge that ‘God is all in all.’

Because Esau, through his own actions, built his foundation upon Christ using ephemeral materials, Jacob’s and Joseph’s houses will burn bright like fire and flame, as the Lord proclaimed: ‘I am a consuming fire,’ so that, after the sin-laden straw is consumed, the pure wheat can be gathered into the granaries. What we have articulated and will further articulate is anticipated by the Jews for the future when they might accept the Antichrist instead of Christ, in light of the Savior’s prophecy: ‘I am come in my Father's name, and ye shall not receive me: but if any man come in his own name, him ye shall receive.’ They misinterpret our insights regarding Edom as referring to the Roman Empire, yet we argue that it has either been already fulfilled in history with Zerubbabel, or, in the nature of prophecy, is being continually realized within the church and within every individual in the spiritual kingdom in contrast to the flesh.

In terms of the ‘provider of bread,’ allegorically, the heretics will find themselves devoid of anyone to claim the true wheat that fell to the earth and the bread from heaven. Some might propose that the LXX intended not ‘provider of bread,’ but ‘he who can sow the spark.’ Thus, considering varying interpretations, we can state that heretics will lack not only providers of bread but also any who might feign possessing the light of Christ. For it is true that ‘Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light.’

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

You will be reduced to such a state of vulnerability that you will be consumed like flames. The prophet referred to Jacob and Joseph in a similar manner, as God also termed the ten tribes Ephraim—who is the son of Joseph—on multiple occasions. The Lord has declared that the house of Esau will have no one to bear the flames. The term “fire-bearer” was replaced by Simmachus with “saved,” while Aquila and Theodotion chose the word “remnant.” Thus, the Prophet employed this term to indicate their total annihilation. The seventy translators did not choose the term “fire-bearer” without intention. Since, as all translations affirm, Jacob is likened to fire and Joseph to a flame—symbols of vigor and might—it is implied that the Edomites would be left without any strength.

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