The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 101 (100):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The perverse heart did not cleave to me: and the malignant, that turned aside from me, I would not know.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

לֵבָ֣ב עִ֭קֵּשׁ יָס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑נִּי רָ֝֗ע לֹ֣א אֵדָֽע׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Beloved, let us once more reflect on the significance of these expressions. “There was not within me a rebellious heart.” I harbor no malice or deceit; nevertheless, amid countless tribulations, amid distressing trials, and under the onslaught of adversaries, “there was not within me a rebellious heart,” nor wicked thoughts, nor improper desires. Even in moments of oppression, during intense anguish, or when I witness the wicked thriving, the ungodly indulging in wealth, and the unrighteous basking in their happiness, my heart remains untroubled by evil thoughts. I do not ponder, “Why do the wicked live? Their children stand before them, their grandchildren close at hand. Their homes are free from fear, and God’s correction does not touch them” (Job 21:7, 8, 9).

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“Their cattle are robust” (Ps. 143:13). Such musings have never found a place within me; for despite their prosperity and my poverty, I understand that “tribulation brings about perseverance, and perseverance, proven character; and proven character, hope, and hope does not disappoint” (Rom. 5:3, 4, 5). “I was not near a rebellious heart.” By nurturing righteous thoughts on the straight path, I found that when temptation approached my heart, not only was I unable to permit it entry—having no space for it—but I didn’t even recognize when it drew near or realize that I had rejected it. Its deceit slid past me like a fleeting shadow, leaving no harm in its wake. Let us be trained like the prophet, so that if any of us encounters a difficult trial and a thought from the evil one arises, it cannot take hold of our heart but will retreat, leaving it untouched, allowing us to declare: “I was unaware of the evil one who was trying to elude me.”

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

In this psalm, we must explore its entirety to unveil the essence found in the opening verse: "Grace and judgment I will sing unto Thee, O Lord." (Psalm 100:1) One should not deceive oneself into believing that God's mercy means they will not face punishment; divine judgment also exists. Those who are transformed for the better need not fear the Lord's judgment, for His mercy anticipates it. Human judgment can be clouded by mercy, leading to a distortion of justice; people may exhibit mercy but neglect justice, or vice versa. However, God's judgment remains faithful to justice without compromising His abundant mercy. Perhaps we can consider mercy and judgment in a temporal context, noting that mercy appears first in this order for a reason.

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Hence, we might understand the current era as a time for mercy, with the future designated for judgment. Why does mercy come before judgment? Reflect on the nature of God; He enables the sun to shine on both the righteous and the unrighteous, and He sends rain upon both just and unjust alike. This demonstrates mercy. When we observe that both the just and unjust benefit equally from the sun’s light, the rain’s nourishment, and the earth’s fruits, we must not conclude that God is unjust for treating both equally. This is a time of mercy rather than judgment. If God had not first shown mercy and forgiveness, He would not have anyone worthy to crown with His judgment. Thus, it is indeed a time of mercy, one where God’s patience beckons sinners to repentance.

The Apostle Paul illustrates the distinct seasons of life, warning those who judge others while committing the same sins: "Thinkest thou, O man, that condemnest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?" As if anticipating an objection regarding unpunished sin, he reveals the current age of mercy: "despisest thou the riches of His goodness, and forbearance, and longsuffering?" (Romans 2:4) This being a moment of grace, Paul cautions against assuming it will last indefinitely. He then transitions to a reminder about the impending judgment: "But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God" (Romans 2:5-6). There exists both mercy and judgment. The judgment of God is to be feared by the wicked due to impending punishment, while it should be cherished by the righteous as a promise of reward. In this testament, Paul stirs concern among the wicked while simultaneously offering hope to the good. He testifies to grace experienced in his own life, acknowledging that before his transformation, he was a blasphemer, persecutor, and violent aggressor, yet he has been forgiven. If Paul received forgiveness, surely no one should despair. He emphasizes his role as an example of Christ’s enduring patience for those who believe in Him unto eternal life.

Does Paul stand alone in deserving grace? Just as he incites fear through his warnings, he uplifts with his assurance, proclaiming: "The Lord, the righteous Judge, shall give me at that day a crown of righteousness" (2 Timothy 4:8), extending this promise to all who long for His appearing and reign. Therefore, beloved brethren, we are in a time of grace; let us refrain from the complacency of presuming, "God's mercy is perpetual."

"I will sing of mercy and judgment" (Psalm 100:2). To sing worthily, one must have a blameless heart, engaging joyfully before God. What does it mean to walk blamelessly? Consider the line "I walked in innocence in the midst of my house." This innocent path commences and concludes with purity. Rather than seek lengthy discourse, strive for innocence to attain righteousness. Yet, who is innocent? The innocent individual does no harm to others or to oneself. Some claim innocence by asserting they neither exploit nor harm their neighbors; they intend to enjoy their earned resources without concern for others. Yet, if one harms their own spiritual wellbeing, how can they expect to be merciful and considerate to others? Can one exhibit kindness to others while showing cruelty to their own soul? Thus, righteousness condenses into the concept of innocence; "He who loves iniquity hates his own soul." By loving wickedness, one often believes they harm others, but they ultimately destroy themselves first.

Innocence encompasses walking in the heart's humility amidst one's dwelling. The heart must be free of pride, for the proud cannot reside within the heart of the righteous. The truly upright heart mirrors God's desires; contrary desires reveal a heart in opposition to Him. If misfortune strikes them, they query, "God, what have I done?" In essence, they perceive themselves as just while considering God unjust. The path to rectitude begins with self-reflection. To know true justice, one must acknowledge their own shortcomings and seek alignment with God's righteousness.

The Scriptures indicate, "When the wicked departed from me, I did not recognize him" (Psalm 100:4). This signifies a lack of identification with those who stray from divine ways. The Lord knows all but speaks of some, saying, "I never knew you; depart from Me, ye workers of iniquity" (Matthew 7:23). Here, it isn't a lack of knowledge but rather a disapproval of those who align not with His righteousness. The statement reflects not unawareness but a refusal to endorse those whose actions misalign with divine principles.

"Whoever secretly slandered his neighbor, him I persecuted" (Psalm 100:5). This underscores the righteousness of disapproving sin rather than judgment of the individual. Referring to the proud, "With a proud eye and an insatiable heart, I did not feed," indicates a refusal to partake in the company of the arrogant. Yet the Lord Jesus dined with the proud, showing compassion rather than judgment for their state. The critical distinction lies in the humility of those who sought His healing.

He continued instructing us that while one might not share a meal with the wicked for their reformation, we are encouraged to reach out to them as brothers, as two hearts can dwell united as servants of Christ. One can recognize feasts of the prideful, yet the righteously meek partake in the feast for their souls, promised fulfillment for their hunger and thirsting for righteousness (Matthew 5:6).

The context of community and mutual uplifting must prevail among the faithful, mirroring accurately the support Christ intends in the ecclesiastical family. "I have not dwelt proudly in the midst of my house" (Psalm 100:7), reveals that the haughty cannot find residence in our hearts. It is written that only the humble can remain; those who speak unjustly will not find place among the righteous.

As the psalmist declares, "In the morning I destroyed all the wicked that were in the land" (Psalm 100:8). There remains an apparent moment of mercy within God’s realm, awaiting a judgment day where truth reigns. The judgment is not exiled to uncertainty; it awaits the dawn, corresponding with God's nature of longsuffering; ensuring the light of day summons accountability. The night signifies this period of grace; patience lingers as salvation is offered. However, it’s crucial to remember that those refusing to amend their ways during this time of mercy face dire outcomes when the time of judgment arrives. Brethren, do not allow complacency to mask this truth; those who engage in iniquity will face divine consequence, separated from the community of saints.

As this time of mercy continues, we are called to heed God's voice as He cries out through His Word—a proclamation of His enduring mercy, while simultaneously forewarning of the judgment to come.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

May my heart remain unyielding. The devil's temptations are twisted and tainted, lacking any righteousness, and I have never permitted them to dwell within me. The evil one eludes recognition; in fact, there was a time when I did not heed the wicked, remaining unaware of their existence or absence. Consequently, I was oblivious to their departure; and even when they were present, I did not discern their proximity. The evidence that our thoughts align with the Divine is our disinterest in worldly matters and our focus on the heavenly realms.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

I have encountered nothing harmful or immoral, but have consistently pursued fairness and righteousness. “He who has evaded me wickedly I have not known.” Whether a friend or a beloved one, whether a bishop or a presbyter, regardless of their position, if they strayed from the path, I chose to distance myself to the point of forgetting them entirely.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

My heart is not stubborn. Those who embraced honesty were near to me, while I kept at a distance those who chose deceit and those unwilling to embrace sound judgment. I will not acknowledge the wicked one who avoids me. However, if any of my acquaintances, motivated by deception, sought to separate themselves from me, I did not view this separation as true excommunication. The one who engaged in wrongdoing appeared to me so profoundly contemptible that he warranted such disdain.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

I have not held fast to You; my heart is obstinate and has failed to discern the malevolent presence that slips away from me. The heart that is sinful and distorted, as he mentions, did not unite with me, indicating that one who is not righteous is misaligned with the truth, for the crooked cannot conform to what is straight. And when the wicked one withdrew, I did not seek to recognize him either; we ought to refrain from association with the ungodly. Yet, if the unrighteous approach us, we must strive to lead him toward the right path; and if he chooses to leave us, we should hold him in disdain, adhering to the teachings of Eusebius and Theodoret on excommunication.

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This principle can similarly be applied to the adversary: by not allowing him a foothold or entry, he cannot plant his malicious thoughts within me; thus, I was unaware of his departure, or to articulate it differently, I did not perceive his arrival or his leaving. Basil explains that one who maintains righteousness can assert: My heart was not clung to by the evil one, illustrating that wayward thoughts do not arise from within us but instead come from outside influences which we mistakenly adopt while rejecting righteousness. Athanasius refers to diabolical schemes as entirely without merit. Didyma notes in Ecclesiastes that God created man upright (Ecclesiastes 7:3). Therefore, if he was originally righteous through the embrace of virtue, all forms of evil and moral distortion are alien to him. Isychius states that just as a crooked staff cannot align with a straight one, those who engage in uncharitable deeds cannot be joined with those who possess an upright heart. Cyril clarifies that the phrase I did not know implies that I chose not to recognize them, as I deemed them unworthy of friendship; it is not an act of pride, but rather a recognition of how the behavior of the wicked corrupts moral integrity. The essence of a mind adorned with holiness lies in the rejection of the wicked, and the condemnation of a brother reveals profound wickedness.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

After revealing his own self-assessment, he now demonstrates how others perceived him. Initially, he notes that wicked individuals did not even dare to come near him. This is a significant testament to his righteousness, indicating that even those who act without moral law were fearful to approach him. He continues by stating that he has not acknowledged the adversary who tries to avoid him. With these words, he illustrates that when those immersed in wrongdoing distanced themselves from him, he paid little attention to it and had no desire to pursue their companionship any further.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.