The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 139 (138):14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

I will praise thee, for thou art fearfully magnified: wonderful are thy works, and my soul knoweth right well.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אֽוֹדְךָ֗ עַ֤ל כִּ֥י נוֹרָא֗וֹת נִ֫פְלֵ֥יתִי נִפְלָאִ֥ים מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יֹדַ֥עַת מְאֹֽד׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 7 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

See Psalm 138:6 What does this signify? You have brought me into existence, O Lord, yet I cannot grasp the manner of Your creation; You are all-provident, yet my mind cannot fully grasp the scope of Your Providence; You are omnipresent, yet I cannot understand it; You know the future, the past, and the hidden thoughts of the human heart, yet I cannot fathom it, for You transform the nature of all things and cause them to exhibit actions that, while seemingly unnatural, appear as though they are inherently their own. Reflecting on this, the inspired psalmist declared with a loud voice: ‘I will give You thanks, for You have shown Yourself to be wondrously marvelous,’ signifying Your marvelous nature, and indeed, You are marvelous.

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‘Your works are astounding, and my soul perceives them deeply.’ What can I express about You, he continues, when even what You do encompasses so many wondrous things? He refrains from listing all things and focuses on his own perception, stating, ‘my soul perceives them deeply’; not merely recognizes, but knows with conviction and certainty. If my soul knows this, then as he previously stated, ‘Your knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is lofty! I cannot attain it.’ This is true of God Himself, as well as His works; yet, while both can be acknowledged, we can also understand that he recognizes God as marvelous, great, and exalted, but what He is in His essence - I emphasize this again - what His grandeur is, and how all these attributes belong to Him, remains unknown to him. However, this very ignorance serves as evidence of knowledge, though my statement may appear paradoxical. Much like our understanding of the ocean’s vastness, we may acknowledge the ocean while simultaneously recognizing that we cannot measure its expanse. If someone claims to fully understand the ocean’s size, they do not truly know it. Thus, there exists a expression of understanding that reveals ignorance, as well as a type of ignorance that affirms our awareness of knowledge.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Our Lord Jesus Christ communicates through the Prophets, at times in His own name and at others in ours, uniting Himself with humanity, as it is said, "the two shall become one flesh." This explains why, in the Gospel, Jesus refers to the union in marriage: they are no longer two, but one flesh. He assumed a mortal body to identify with our humanity, but He is not merely a human being; He is divine as the Creator, while we are His creations. Thus, whatever our Lord proclaims through the flesh He has taken on is true not only of that Head who has ascended to heaven but also of the body members still journeying on earth. Let us listen to our Lord Jesus Christ through the prophetic utterances. The psalms were chanted long before the Incarnation, although He was recognized as Lord eternally; for as Creator, He existed before time, yet in time He was born of His creation. Let us have faith in His divine nature and strive to comprehend Him as coequal with the Father. However, this divine nature, coequal with the Father, took on our mortal nature, partaking not from His essence but from ours; so that we too might share in His divine nature, not by our essence, but His.

"Lord, You have searched me and known me" (Psalm 138:1). Let the Lord Jesus Himself affirm this and echo it to the Father. For the Father does not truly call Him Lord unless He has willingly taken on human nature. He is the Father of God and the Lord of humanity. Do you know whom He is Father to? To the equal Son. The Apostle states, "Who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God" (Philippians 2:6-7). For this form, God is the Father; the Form that is equal to Him, the only begotten Son, coming forth from His own essence. But for our sake, so that we might be transformed to share in His divine nature, being renewed to eternal life, He took on our mortal form. What does the Apostle say of Him? "But He emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, and coming in the likeness of men, and being found in appearance as a man" (Philippians 2:7).

"You have discerned my sitting down and my rising up" (Psalm 138:2). What does it mean to sit, and what does it mean to rise? He who sits is humbled. Thus, the Lord sat in His Passion and rose in His Resurrection. He indicates that you recognized it; that is to say, You willed it and approved it; it was accomplished by Your will. But should you choose to embrace the words of the Head through the Body: a person sits as they humble themselves in repentance, and they rise when their sins are forgiven, lifted to the hope of eternal life. Do not elevate yourselves unless you have first humbled yourselves. Many wish to be exalted before they kneel down, eager to appear righteous without confessing their sins.

"You understand my thoughts from afar; You discern my path and my lying down, and are acquainted with all my ways" (Psalm 138:3-4). What does it mean "from afar"? While I still journey here on earth, before I reach my true home, You understand my thoughts. The younger son went into a far country. After toil and sorrow, he remembered his father and desired to return, saying, "I will arise and go to my father." He resolved to rise before he sat down. Here, you observe him stating: "You have known how I sat down and rose up." I sat down in want; I rose up craving Your sustenance. You have perceived my thoughts from afar. I have wandered far indeed; yet where can he not find You, from whom I have strayed? Thus, the Lord said in the Gospel that his father encountered him as he went forth. Truly, for he understood his thoughts from afar. "My way," he said, "what but a bad way," the path he took to abandon his father? What is my way? The journey I have traversed. What is my limit? What I have accomplished. You have marked my path and my boundary. Though distanced, that boundary was not hidden from Your gaze. I traveled far, yet You were present. And all my paths You observed beforehand. He didn’t simply say "saw," but "saw in advance." Before I traversed them, before entering them, You saw them beforehand; and You allowed me to wander in toil, that if I chose not to toil, I might return to Your paths. For there is no falsehood on my lips. What did he mean by this? Behold, I confess to You, I have gone my own way, I have distanced myself from You, from whom it was good for me, and in my separation, I have found my own misery.

"Behold, You know all my works, the final and the ancient" (Psalm 138:5). You recognized my recent deeds while tending swine; You recalled my ancient deeds when I requested my share of the estate. Those ancient actions resulted in the beginning of all my present woes: the original sin wherein we fell; the last punishment when we entered this laborious and perilous mortality. If that was the end for us, it will be the case if we now wish to return. For there remains one last fate for some wicked individuals, to whom it shall be declared, "Depart into everlasting fire" (Matthew 25:41). You have fashioned me and placed Your hand upon me. Where have You fashioned me? In this mortality, now prepared for the labor for which we were all created. For no one is born without God's agency, who forms him in his mother's womb; there is no creation whose Maker is not God. Yet You have fashioned me in this labor, laying upon me Your avenging hand, Your chastening hand, humbling the proud. For in such a healing manner He has humbled the proud, that He might elevate the humble.

"Your skill has been wonderfully manifest in me; it has become powerful, and I cannot reach it" (Psalm 138:6). Consider this: it may seem obscure, yet it is delightful to comprehend. Moses, the holy servant of God, to whom God spoke through a cloud, needed to communicate with his servant through some of His created works. He longed to see God’s true presence and implored, "If I have found favor in Your sight, show me Your glory" (Exodus 33:13). When he fervently desired this, God responded, "You cannot see My face, for no man can see My face and live" (Exodus 33:20). "But I will place you in the cleft of the rock and cover you, and when I pass by, you will see My back." From these words arises another mystery, a veiled figure of truth. "When I pass by," says God, "you shall see My back," as if there were a front and a back to His majesty. We find no such notions of this greatness! For if anyone harbors such ideas about God, what benefit is it to him that the temples remain closed? He constructs an idol in his heart. These words convey profound mysteries. Those who were angered by the Lord whom they had seen now seek counsel for salvation, and it is directed to them, "Repent, and be baptized, every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ, and your sins will be forgiven" (Acts 2:38). Behold, they saw His back, even though His face was hidden. His hand was not eternally over their eyes, but while He was passing by. Once He had departed, He withdrew His hand, and then they asked the disciples, "What shall we do?" First they were cruel, then compassionate; first angry, then fearful; first hardened, then softened; first blind, then enlightened.

Behold, you discover that a fugitive in a distant land cannot escape the gaze of the One from whom he flees. And where shall he now go, whose limit is reached? Is this what he questions? "Where shall I go from Your Spirit?" (Psalm 138:7). Who can escape from that Spirit who infuses the entire world? "And where can I flee from Your presence?" He seeks a refuge from the wrath of God. What place can offer shelter for God's fugitive? Those who shelter such individuals inquire of whom they fled; upon learning he is a servant of someone less powerful than themselves, they shelter him unafraid, saying in their hearts, "He lacks a master to pursue him." But, when they hear of a mighty Lord, they either do not offer refuge or provide it out of great fear, for even a mighty man can be deceived. Where is there no God? Who can hide from God? Who is not seen by Him? To whom does He not demand accountability for their escape? Where can the fugitive go from the presence of God? He twists and turns as if seeking a place to flee.

"If I ascend to heaven, You are there; if I make my bed in Sheol, behold, You are there" (Psalm 138:8). Finally, wretched fugitive, you have come to learn that you cannot escape from Him from whom you sought to flee. Behold, He is everywhere; thus, where will you go? He has provided counsel, inspired by Him who enabled you to remember it. If, after sinning, I descend to the depths of wickedness and refuse to confess, thinking, "Who sees me?" (for in Sheol, who confesses to You?), You are present to deal out punishment. Where can I go to evade Your presence, that is, to not find You wrathful? Such plans he concocts: I will flee from Your presence; I will flee from Your Spirit, from Your avenging Spirit, from Your wrathful countenance. How? "If I take the wings of dawn and settle in the furthest parts of the sea" (Psalm 138:9). Thus do I attempt to flee from Your visage. If he can run to the extremes of the sea fleeing the face of God, will not the One from whom he flees be there? For what is the end of the sea if not the end of the world? Let us now fly with hope and yearning on the wings of double love; let us find no rest except in the distant reaches of the sea. For if we desire solace elsewhere, we shall be cast headlong into the sea. Let us escape to the deepest part of the sea and ascend on the wings of dual love; meanwhile, let us turn to God in hope and in unwavering assurance mediate at the other end of the sea.

Now listen to the One who can guide us there, the very One from whose anger we wish to flee. What follows? "There Your hand shall guide me, and Your right hand shall hold me" (Psalm 138:10). On this let us reflect, beloved brethren; let it be our hope, our comfort. Let us reclaim, through love, the wings we lost to lust. For lust was the weight anchoring our wings, drawing us down from the freedom of our heavenly expanse, that is, the unimpeded breeze of the Spirit of God. As we fell, we lost our wings and were thus ensnared by the fowler; however, He redeemed us through His blood, from whom we sought escape. He reshapes our wings through His commandments; we now lift them up, unburdened... Thus, we must have wings, and He must guide us, for He is our Helper. We possess free will, yet, even with this free will, what can we accomplish without Him who commands us offering assistance?

Considering the length of the journey, what did he say to himself? "Perhaps darkness will cover me" (Psalm 138:11). Behold, I have put my faith in Christ; now I soar on the wings of double love. Regarding the distance of the trek, I told myself: the night felt bright in my ecstasy. The night was illuminated in my joy because at that time I feared crossing such a vast sea, overcoming such a great distance, reaching the furthest places, and persevering to the end. I am grateful to Him who sought me as a fugitive, who struck my back with the scourge's blows, who through a call restored me from ruin, and who made my darkness into light. For as long as we exist in this life, darkness will encroach. How did the night turn bright? Because Christ descended into the night... "For the darkness cannot overwhelm You" (Psalm 138:12). Do not let your darkness become dim; God does not dim it but illuminates it greater still; for it is spoken in another psalm, "You, O Lord, will light my candle; my God will enlighten my darkness." Who are those that darken their darkness? The wicked; the perverse. When they sin, they become darkness; when they refuse to confess their transgressions but insist on justifying them, they exacerbate their darkness. Therefore, if you have sinned, you dwell in darkness, but by confessing your plight, you will receive light for your darkness; by defending your sin, you will deepen your darkness. And where can you run from double darkness, having struggled in single darkness? Let us not darken our own darkness by defending our sins, and the night will transform into joy.

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Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

We come before You, acknowledging the awe with which we are struck. Reflecting on the previous declarations about God, it is fitting that we express our truths. Your creations are wondrous, and my spirit recognizes this deeply. This divine strength is beyond my comprehension, yet it is made known to You, O God.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Let us acknowledge, O Lord, that we are deeply moved by Your awe-inspiring nature. We find wonder in numerous aspects of creation, admiring the beauty and enormity of physical forms, structures, skillful craftsmanship, and art, yet such admiration does not instill fear in us. However, when one encounters the profound depths of the ocean, that wonder transforms into reverence and trepidation. Likewise, the prophet David, who delved into the limitless wisdom and power of God, beheld the profound complexity of His creation and was filled with both awe and fear at such unfathomable depth. Recognizing his own smallness, he could only exclaim, “I thank You, O Lord!

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Wonderful are Thy works, and my soul knows these things.” He marvels, truly, at all of Your creations, declaring with confidence that they are indeed wondrous and deserving of deep admiration.

In response to this, the prophet queries what can be said of You when Your works reveal many astonishing aspects. If the understanding of You is so remarkable that it overwhelms the heart, the inquiry arises: how can he also proclaim, “My soul knows these things very well”? This distinction reflects a truth about You versus Your creations. While we may perceive Your greatness and recognize that You are wonderful, the essence of Your being and the fullness of Your majesty remain beyond our grasp. This lack of complete understanding testifies to our knowledge. For instance, we may not fully comprehend the vastness of the sea; it is so immense that our knowledge of it remains incomplete. Those who claim to understand its vastness may not truly realize its extent. Hence, the awareness of our limitations in knowledge affirms understanding, while the evidence of what we comprehend suggests a degree of ignorance.

John Cassian

5th centuryChurch Father

The gifts that the Lord generously offers to His faithful servants, who remain in this mortal body, are truly magnificent and extraordinary. These gifts are understood only by those who have personally encountered them. The Prophet, recognizing this spiritual purity, both for himself and those who have reached a similar state of being, proclaimed: "marvellous are Thy works, and my soul is fully conscious of it" (Psalm 138:14). Had he expressed this with a different mindset or reflected upon other divine works, it would not have held the same significance. True, everyone is aware, through the majesty of creation, that God's deeds are wondrous.

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However, what He cultivates within His saints through His continuous action, generously revealing His grace, is something known only to the recipient's soul, which, in its inner awareness, appreciates His blessings so profoundly that it cannot accurately articulate them, nor fully grasp them in feeling or thought, particularly when transitioning from ecstatic fervor to mundane realities.

Who would not be astonished by God’s works when witnessing the insatiable cravings of gluttony and the excesses of indulgence being restrained, allowing even the simplest food to be consumed sparingly? Who does not marvel when recognizing that the intensity of carnal desires, once perceived as natural and insatiable, has cooled to the point where one does not even feel the basic stirrings of the flesh? How can anyone not rejoice at God's power upon observing that individuals who were once filled with cruelty and wrath have transformed into gentle spirits, embracing offenses with magnanimous joy? Indeed, who would not be in awe of God's works, proclaiming with a full heart, "I have learnt that the Lord is great" (Psalm 134:5), when witnessing a transformation from greed to generosity, from licentiousness to self-control, from arrogance to humility, and from a life of extravagance to one that willingly endures the simplicity and limitations of current circumstances?

These extraordinary works of God are recognized by the prophet and those with similar insight, who stand in wonder at their beauty. The prophet beckons all nations to behold these wonderful deeds, inviting them to "come and see the works of the Lord, what desolations He has wrought upon the earth" (Ps. 46:8), declaring that "He has broken the bow, shattered the spear, and burned the chariots with fire" (Ps. 46:9). What greater miracle exists than the swift transformation of robbers into apostles or fierce persecutors into patient heralds of the gospel, such that the very faith they once sought to destroy is spread through their martyrdom? These are the divine works that the Son of God affirms He performs in unison with the Father, stating: "My Father hath done to this day, and I do" (John 5:17). Blessed David, moved by the Spirit, sings, "Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel, the only One who works miracles" (Psalm 71:18). Likewise, the prophet Amos proclaims, "He turns the shadow of death into morning, and makes the day as dark as night" (Am. 5:8). This exemplifies the transformative act of the Almighty Hand (Ps. 76:11). About this redemptive work, the prophet implores the Lord, "Establish, O God, what Thou hast done for us" (Ps. 67:29).

I speak not of the secret, hidden actions of God, which the spirit of all saints perceives taking place within them in remarkable ways. These are moments of divine outpouring of spiritual joy that elevate the weary spirit through vibrant, unintentional joy into profound raptures of the heart, leading to inexpressible and unheard-of comforts that awaken us from spiritual lethargy, as if from a deep slumber, to fervent prayer. This joy is what is articulated as that which "the eye has not seen, nor the ear heard, nor has it come to the heart of man" (1 Cor. 2:9). The blessed Apostle speaks of this joy to one ensnared by earthly passions, unaware of God's gifts. He adds that "to us God has revealed these things by His Spirit" (1 Cor. 2:10).

In all these matters, the spirit's elevation in purity allows it to gaze upon God with increasing awe, and it will find itself filled with wonder beyond what it can articulate. Just as one who has never tasted sweetness cannot grasp the essence of honey, so too will those who have experienced true joy struggle to find words for it. They can only recognize its pleasantness and marvel in silence at the sweetness they have encountered. Likewise, anyone privileged to reach this state of virtues will quietly contemplate all that God, in His extraordinary grace, accomplishes through His servants. In pondering these divine acts, they will exclaim from a genuine heart, "Marvellous are Your works, and my soul is fully aware of it" (Psalm 138:14).

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It is indeed a remarkable testament of God’s power that a person, while in the flesh, can turn away from the fleshly desires and maintain a steadfast heart amidst various challenges and assaults from adversaries. A certain elder, residing near Alexandria, surrounded by a throng of unbelievers, faced not merely slander but severe provocations. When mocked with inquiries about the miraculous deeds of the Christ he reveres, he replied, "What is remarkable is that I am neither angered nor offended by these insults, nor by even greater wrongs."

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Although it may seem that he remains faithful to the same teaching, he is truly grasping a deeper truth: it is not surprising that he penetrates the profoundest thoughts of humanity, for He is the Creator of hearts and wombs. He suggests that within the very hearts of men lies a judgment seat with God, from which He issues His definitive judgments. It is truly remarkable that He is not misled by the hidden inclinations of our hearts, having seen us with such clarity while we were still confined in our mother’s womb, as if we lay before Him in full daylight. This context reveals why David references the creation of man at this moment. The subsequent verse, despite some apparent ambiguity, carries a clear and relevant message.

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David expresses that he was marvelously conceived in his mother’s womb, leaving him rightly astonished and filled with reverence, compelling him to offer praise and glory to God. He transitions from the individual to the universal, illustrating that the manifestations of God’s wonders are as numerous as the works that captivate our thoughts. When he states, "And my soul knoweth greatly," he does not imply an exhaustive understanding of God’s works, but rather acknowledges their greatness and marvel. Just as we cannot fully comprehend the vastness of the sea, yet recognize its immense nature because we view it from a limited perspective, so too is our comprehension of the sun's brightness indirect. The knowledge referenced here does not rely solely on sensory experience, which David describes as miracles, but rather reflects a deep reverence for the works of God that should lead us to glorify Him.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.