The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 40 (39):5Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Blessed is the man whose trust is in the name of the Lord; and who hath not had regard to vanities, and lying follies.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי הַגֶּ֗בֶר אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם יְ֭הֹוָה מִבְטַח֑וֹ וְֽלֹא־פָנָ֥ה אֶל־רְ֝הָבִ֗ים וְשָׂטֵ֥י כָזָֽב׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

6 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Consider the journey you wish to pursue. Observe the throngs populating the Wide Path. There is a purpose for the road that leads to the amphitheater, and there is a reason it leads to death. The broad path leads to death, as stated in Matthew 7:13. The width of this path may offer fleeting joy, but its conclusion is eternal narrowness. Indeed, crowds murmur, rejoice, rush, and gather together! Do not emulate them; do not chase after them; it is all vanity and deceptive folly. Let the Lord your God be your hope. Seek nothing but the Lord your God as your hope, for many aspire to gain riches and fleeting honors from God’s hand, seeking everything except God Himself. But you pursue God Himself; set aside all else and draw near to Him! Forget all other distractions and remember Him.

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Abandon anything that stands in your way and orient yourself towards Him, as Philippians 3:14 invites. Truly, He corrects you when you stray from His path; and now that you are on the right path, He guides you toward your destination. Therefore, let Him be your hope, for He leads you toward fulfillment.

What does worldly greed offer you? To what end does it ultimately lead? Initially, the aspiration may be for a small plot of land; soon you desire an estate and isolate yourself from your neighbors. You entangle yourself in others' possessions, expanding your covetous desires until you reach the shore. Upon reaching the shore, you seek islands; and after claiming land, you might even desire the heavens. Forsake all attachments. The one who created heaven and earth is supremely good. Blessed is the person who places their hope in the name of the Lord and does not lean towards vanity and deception. Why is folly considered a lie? Folly distorts the truth, misleading those who believe they have discerned goodness. You may be misled; you lack clarity because a fever has seized your mind, leading you to embrace illusions of reality. You cheer for the charioteer and are consumed by admiration; this is mere vanity and misleading insanity.

What can I offer to a person caught in delusion? Pray for such individuals if compassion stirs within you. Even a physician, faced with despair, looks to those around him who weep and hang on his words for guidance regarding a perilous patient. The physician experiences doubt, sees no hopeful prognosis, and fears to speak ill for fear of inciting alarm. He humbly suggests that the good Lord can do all things. Who among these mad individuals will I approach? Which of them will heed me? They consider us wretched because we appear to lack the myriad of pleasures they are crazily attached to; they fail to recognize that these pleasures are deceptive and lacking in honor.

One may proclaim victory, claiming to have harnessed horses. Such a person seeks the accolades of divination, turning away from the very Source of divine truth. Often, they are mistaken in their judgments. But why do their predictions occasionally hold truth? They aim to ensnare the gullible, enticed by the illusion of truth, only to fall into the snare of falsehood: let them be left behind, betrayed, and eliminated. If they were part of us, it would be a cause for sorrow. Mortify, as it is written, your members which are upon the earth (Col. 3:5). Let our God be our hope. He who constitutes all that exists is the finest! He who creates beauty exceeds all beauty. He who is mighty is greater than all things. He will embody everything you cherish. Learn to love the Creator within His creation, and in the works of the One who made them. Let not His creations hold your affections captive, lest you lose the One by whom you were made. Blessed is the man who trusts in the name of the Lord and disregards vanity and falsehood.

We shall offer him sights that transcend these illusions. What shall we present to the Christian whom we desire to redirect from these distractions? I thank the Lord our God; in the subsequent verse of the psalm, He reveals what displays we will offer to those wishing to see. Suppose he has turned away from the circus, the theater, and the amphitheater; he should indeed seek out a spectacle, and we will not leave him wanting. What shall we give in exchange for what the world offers? Pay attention to what follows.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

He introduces a fresh perspective to reinforce his argument, stating: Truly blessed is the one whose trust is in the only God and who does not fixate on the concerns of this temporal life; for these are mere ‘vanities, deceptive illusions,’ and trivial worries. Righteous anointing represents a condition in this world that has appeared tumultuous to many, and this is celebrated by the righteous, who assert: ‘I have proclaimed in my anointing’ (Psalm 115:2). And I will not turn to vanities and deceptive anointings (Psalm 115:2). He designates as blessed only those who place their hope in God, not those who indulge in worldly distractions, which are truly both ‘vanities’ and ‘falsehoods.’

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

What else can be said? The blessed individual emerged from a transgressor who endured great suffering; he has turned away from the emptiness of this world, for as wise Solomon declared, all is vanity (Ecclesiastes 1:2). Is it not foolishness to chase after what is ultimately unattainable, when all things fade like a mere shadow (Psalm 143:4)? Distractions filled with meaninglessness, or conflicts where much blood has been spilt for transient gains, or rivalries in theatrical displays, or the fervor of outrageous spectacles, or the harmful doctrines of heretics, or the deceitful messages and fabricated actions of false prophets masquerading as divine revelations.

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Thus, the prophet proclaimed, "Blessed is the man who finds his confidence in the name of the Lord, who does not heed vanity and deceit" (Psalm 39:5).

This embodies true folly. It mirrors the fervor of the prophets who, in a state of divine inspiration, foretold what was revealed to them by the Holy Spirit. To many, they appeared deranged as they disregarded their own well-being, wandering among the populace, unclothed and unshod, like Saint Isaiah, proclaiming not their own desires, but the commands of God. Through their witness, we understand that the means of salvation has abundantly come to us, for the One we have awaited has finally appeared.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The Prophet also spoke of these emptinesses in the earlier Psalm, stating that all human endeavors are meaningless (Psalms 38:6), and further declaring that indeed, all pursuits are futile (Psalms 38:7). In this context, He honors those who have set aside earthly concerns in favor of a hopeful anticipation of the divine.

Cassiodorus the Senator

6th centuryChurch Father

The name of the Lord signifies eternal salvation. Those who place their trust in His name and believe they will attain salvation—not through their own efforts, but by God's grace—are truly blessed.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

These words serve as a powerful encouragement, urging individuals to place their faith in God. Blessed is the man who finds his security in the name of the Lord, meaning that true prosperity belongs to the one who fully trusts in the Lord, who is omnipotent and compassionate, and thus has the ability and desire to rescue those who depend on Him from all forms of evil. The name of the Lord here signifies either the invocation of God's name, His divine authority, or God Himself. To further clarify these statements, it is added that one should not turn to emptiness and deceitful pursuits: blessed is the person who does not seek human assistance, especially from empty and false avenues which cannot provide salvation, as the foolish do.

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Some interpreters refer to the empty as worldly pagan idols and the false as the misleading prophecies or divinations of false gods. However, many of the holy fathers agree that "vanities" represent all fruitless hopes placed in people and various creatures, while "false unction" denotes misguided sources of hope, termed "unction" because they originate from individuals who are misguided and irrational. Examples of such misleading influences include the false predictions of astrologers, the divinations of fortune-tellers, sorcery, the conjuring of spirits, and superstitious beliefs regarding the flight of birds, which many trust and depend upon, despite their folly.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.