The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 92 (91):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Upon an instrument of ten strings, upon the psaltery: with a canticle upon the harp.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

עֲ‍ֽלֵי־עָ֭שׂוֹר וַעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

We are not followers of Christ solely for the promise of eternal life; no individual should expect earthly rewards or believe that following Christ guarantees worldly happiness. Instead, let one enjoy the blessings they possess when they arise and express gratitude to God for His comforts. In times of absence, let them recognize the justice of God. Thankfulness should be constant, directed at the Father who both comforts and disciplines us, for His love is unwavering in moments of affection or correction. We should echo the sentiment of the Psalm: "It is good to give thanks unto the Lord, and to sing praises to Thy name, O Most High."

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This Psalm is designated ‘A psalm for the Sabbath.’ Consider that today is that holy day, yet many observe it merely through physical rest, indulging in trivial pursuits while neglecting the divine intent behind the Sabbath. They refrain from doing good but engage in trivial activities. Our rest arises from ceasing to do evil, while theirs is a cessation from good works; it is better to labor than to remain inactive. The Sabbath proclaimed by God is deeply inward, existing within our hearts. Many outwardly appear to be idle, yet internally bear a troubled conscience. The joy derived from our hope is indeed our Sabbath. This Psalm celebrates the humanity of the believer who finds true rest within a tranquil conscience, untroubled by worldly concerns, illustrating why many become disturbed and guiding us to cultivate this inner peace.

Self-examination is essential; in doing so, one may find grace. However, some do not hold Satan accountable, but attribute their missteps to fate. When questioned about their actions, individuals often invoke destiny rather than taking personal responsibility. They mistakenly present their transgressions as the result of divine will, thereby blaspheming in their thoughts. They may claim that their faults stem from malign influences, which are ultimately rooted in God’s design. Thus, when consequences arise, they falsely portray God as the instigator of their sins. Yet, God does not punish what He creates; He disciplines our misdeeds to free us from them. Occasionally, individuals confront God directly, asserting that their actions were preordained. This Psalm instructs us on the importance of confession. To confess to the Lord means acknowledging our sins, recognizing His hand in our good deeds, and singing praises for His glory rather than our own. In seeking the name of God, we ensure that He seeks ours in return; neglect His name, and yours may be lost.

To declare Thy mercy in the morning and Thy faithfulness each night signifies acknowledging God’s kindness in times of prosperity and recognizing His truth in periods of sorrow. Morning represents well-being, while night symbolizes despair. Rejoice in God’s mercy when you thrive; but in moments of grief, do not accuse Him of cruelty. Praise Him for His truth, for His discipline arises from love. Daniel, in the night of his trials, voiced the truth of God, confessing their sins: “We have sinned and committed iniquity.” Speaking of God's truth during our darkest times points us not to blame Him but to understand our sins and believe in His righteousness; thus, to honor God in both morning and evening is to constantly elevate Him through our lives.

With a ten-stringed instrument, with melodies and praise, highlights the importance of the Ten Commandments. We must not merely hold onto these commandments but actively sing their truths. The Law is worthless if we do not live by it; mere words without deeds are empty. It is good to both speak and act, for true worship involves both melody and application.

Indeed, Lord, in Your creation, You have brought joy to my existence, and I will rejoice in the artistry of Your hands. The Apostle reminds us that we are His workmanship, created for good works. If we stray from His creation, we can only know the darkness of sin. Just as a stone lacks light without the sun or fire, so too do we become cold when we drift from God. Hence, we need to remain close to Him to be warmed by His spirit. The Holy Scriptures teach us to “Look unto Him and be lightened,” for doing good is only possible through the illumination of God's presence. When our actions reflect His grace, we should humbly recognize that all good comes from Him.

An unfortunate soul who does good yet suffers injustice may become filled with resentment, questioning, "O God, why do the wicked prevail while the righteous suffer?" Many begin to emulate those they see thriving in wickedness, abandoning their goodness. However, God is patient, knowing the day of reckoning awaits when He will weigh all actions.

In teaching us about His thoughtful providence, the Lord proclaims, “How great are Thy works; Thy thoughts are deep.” Indeed, God's ways are unfathomable, as we struggle to understand why the wicked thrive while the upright endure hardship. If you desire to comprehend this depth, do not abandon the Cross of Christ. Cling to Him, for He embraced suffering during His time on earth, refusing to turn away from torment. He endured for our comfort and to cement our hope in His resurrection. Thus, remain steadfast through earthly tribulations, reflecting on Christ’s example, and do not let the prosperity of the wicked shake your faith.

Remember that time is fleeting; what seems prolonged to us is but a moment to God. Our lives are but brief compared to the eternity He encompasses. Seek the will of God rather than your own limited timeframe, for all shall ultimately occur at His appointed moment. Embrace His eternal nature, seeking to align your heart with His timeless purpose.

The foolish person cannot perceive the truths of God revealed in His perceived injustices. They observe the flourishing of evil and become deceived by appearances, blindly imitating wickedness and ultimately facing destruction. In contrast, the Lord reigns eternally, overseeing both the wicked and the just. The righteous who await His promises shall prosper eternally.

In these affirmations, we recognize the unfailing nature of God, for He is eternally high above all. Suffering may be prevalent now, and the unrighteous may seem strong, but they will ultimately face demise. It is not merely those who overtly blaspheme who stand against Him; hidden adversaries arise from hearts entwined in worldly affection. The Scriptures caution that friendship with the world constitutes enmity against God. Like an unfaithful spouse, anyone whose heart strays from God becomes an enemy of the divine. Connections with worldly trivialities lead one away from the love for God, resulting in a spirit of fear but devoid of love. Mark well that those drawn to such trivialities are against God, even if they participate in the church but remain spiritually unfaithful.

The reminder is clear: “Your enemies shall perish.” All who violate His commands will face destruction. “I will be exalted like the horn of a unicorn.” This expression may signify pride or the elevation of unity; by this unity, all falsehoods fall away. Even as age symbolizes decline, one’s latter days must encompass grace and joy. The struggles of faithfulness—labors, trials, and adversities—will yield fruitfulness in due time.

The righteous will flourish like a palm tree, which signifies beauty and height, contrasting sharply with the fleeting nature of grass. While the wicked obtain temporary glory, the faithful remain steadfast and grow in strength. Manifesting in the house of the Lord, they will thrive in devoted service, showing visible signs of comfort and resilience in their faith.

Amid the trials and tribulations faced by believers, the silent yet strong presence of the Lord will be evident, allowing them to demonstrate the power of His unchanging nature. Those grounded in faith will show forth His righteousness, rejecting the allure of transient prosperity. Instead, seek the Lord’s strength and maintain unwavering trust that His justice prevails and is free from wrongdoing. The ultimate judgment awaits, and in His eternal mercy, He invites you to hold fast to Him, reaffirming that there is no wrongdoing in Him.

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

In the ten-stringed harp accompanied by the melodies of the psaltery, this ten-stringed instrument represents the body, reflecting the five senses and the five activities of the soul, with each sense unveiling a distinct function.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Let me express it in simpler terms: when we raise our hands without hesitation or warning (cf. 1 Tim. 2:8), we praise God with a song from the ten-stringed instrument. ‘With a song on the psaltery, we sing from the ten-string psalter.’ Our psaltery consists of body, soul, and spirit, each representing a string in this divine harmony.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Singing praises to God on such instruments was a traditional practice. Thus, the prophet proclaims that it is fitting to present to You a song of gratitude, resonating with the instruments designated by the law and employing the melody of our voices.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

When we align the five physical senses with the five faculties of the soul and offer our praise to the Lord with all these elements combined, we fulfill the words of David, as seen in the verse, "Confess to the Lord on the psaltery, sing to Him on the ten-string psaltery" (Psalm 32:2). This interpretation aligns perfectly with the passage and is fitting in this context. Eusebius remarks that the ten-stringed psalter symbolizes a soul devoted to God, which, by harmonizing its five faculties, integrates the physical senses into a unified expression. This unification allows for an unwavering portrayal of God and divine realities.

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Hilary notes that those who confess to the Lord should sing and declare His grace and truth with full attention, eschewing distractions and material representations. Instead, they should engage with a focus and sobriety that encompasses all the faculties of the soul, ensuring that every physical sense works in complete harmony with them.

Hesychius of Jerusalem

5th centuryChurch Father

The prophet urges that those who sing should keep in mind the grace and truth found in both the old and new covenants—the lawful covenant and the gospel. This is why he references both the psalter and the psaltery. By referring to the ten-stringed psalter, he highlights the lawful covenant, as the law encompasses the ten commandments. When he offers a song using the psaltery, he undoubtedly alludes to the new covenant, which the psalmist prophesied when he stated, "I will sing a new song unto Thee, upon the ten-stringed psalter I will sing unto Thee" (Psalms 143:9), thereby indicating the gospel covenant. But why does he employ two distinct types of instruments for praise? "For Thou, O Lord, hast cheered me with Thy creation, and by the works of Thy hands I will delight."

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

The prophet reminds the children of Israel that the sabbath should not be a time of inactivity, nor should it be marked by indulgence or merrymaking; rather, it is a day to honor the name of God. He emphasizes the blessings that flow from glorifying the Lord. There is nothing more uplifting than knowing that our efforts are not in vain when we seek to please God. It is indeed commendable, he asserts, to give thanks to the Lord; such an act is just, beneficial, delightful, and dignified. It is deemed just because it is worthy, beneficial as it merits consideration, delightful to those who find joy in praising the Beloved, and dignified as praise is an offering unique to the celestial beings.

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In the following verse, he clarifies the nature of our praise, suggesting that God desires not our exaltation of Him for mere display of majesty and might, but rather for His mercy and truth—qualities that should stir our hearts to fervent devotion. His words reveal that not only is God deserving of our adoration, but it would be sinful and ungrateful to ignore this sacred duty. When we possess goodness and truth, failing to acknowledge them becomes inexcusable if our hearts and minds remain unoccupied with praises at all times.

A question emerges: is it fitting for the Prophet to proclaim, "To declare Thy favour in the morning, and Thy truth at all hours of the night"? If God continually bestows goodness upon us without regard for time, why designate only a portion of the day for singing of His mercy? The same inquiry applies to His truth, as it is not limited to the night. The answer is straightforward: by urging us to commence our praise in the morning, He encourages us to carry on until night falls. Beginning with goodness naturally leads us to truth. Hence, the acknowledgment of both attributes should flow without interruption, as their harmony is constant.

The prophet recognizes that these two elements are inseparably united and assures us that, should our sluggishness not impede us, we will always find opportunities and time to glorify God. In his fourth verse, he addresses the Levites specifically, whose duty was to sing and play musical instruments—not because this was necessary in itself, but because it served as valuable guidance for the early community. God did not command the use of instruments simply for His enjoyment, akin to human appreciation; instead, He adapted to the maturity level of the people, who were still in need of such outward aids during their spiritual growth.

The ultimate aim of this musical expression was to motivate the people to abandon complacency and come more eagerly to praise God. It is crucial to recognize, however, that genuine worship transcends these external practices; yet the simple and weak in faith required these aids to direct them toward a true reverence for God. Furthermore, it is essential to note the distinction between the old covenant community and the new. With the arrival of Christ, the church reached a stage of spiritual maturity, and as the message of the Gospel spread widely, those who bring back the outdated practices undermine the illumination of divine grace.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

The prophet inspired by the Holy Spirit has penned this psalm for us to sing in honor and glory of God, focusing on the Sabbath of rest and celebration, which symbolizes tranquility and joy as a lesson for everyone. It is crucial that those who have turned away from all vanity use this day to praise God, who has granted eternal rest through our Lord Jesus Christ on the gracious Sabbath of His resurrection, three days after His death. There remains a Sabbath for the people of God, for anyone who enters into His rest ceases from their labors, just as God rested from His. Therefore, let us strive to enter into this rest (Hebrews 4:10).

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The Sabbath under the Mosaic Law mandated physical inactivity, yet it was not absolute, as it included commands to engage in prayer and hymns and to make additional offerings to God. Furthermore, the Sabbath can be viewed as the rest that will be experienced in the age to come. In the New Testament, the observance of the Sabbath was transitioned to the Resurrection of our Savior—marked as the first day of Light—where we endeavor to faithfully fulfill the teachings expressed in the psalm.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.