The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 144 (143):15Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

They have called the people happy, that hath these things: but happy is that people whose God is the Lord.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אַשְׁרֵ֣י הָ֭עָם שֶׁכָּ֣כָה לּ֑וֹ אַֽשְׁרֵ֥י הָ֝עָ֗ם שֶׁיֲהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

10 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Do you recognize the commendable nature of this husband? After highlighting various forms of wealth, illustrating them with his words, and including the perspectives of others, he himself remains unaffected by human desires and does not envy those who possess such assets. Instead, he scorns all these worldly riches and exalts the true treasure. While others might consider fortunate those who have material wealth, he finds true blessing in those “with whom the Lord is his God,” believing that their happiness, success, and abundance stem solely from this relationship. Temporal goods come and go, yet this divine blessing endures perpetually.

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Rather than seeking sheep, children, cattle, boundaries, and vineyards, pleasing God serves as both true prosperity and security, an unassailable fortress. Hence, upon hearing this, do not let such things disturb you; instead, disregard mere illusions and cling to the truth. As the prophet states, “Man is like vanity: his days are as a shadow passing away” (Psalms 143:4). Therefore, if you observe individuals living in excess but engaging in corrupt lives, although the world may deem them fortunate, view them as wretched and pitiable. In contrast, recognize those dedicated to God as exemplary and truly blessed. Let us earnestly pursue this true wealth and divine favor, that we may attain both present and eternal blessings, through the grace and compassion of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom belongs glory and sovereignty, forever and ever. Amen.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The title of this psalm is concise in wording yet profound in its mysteries. It references David confronting Goliath, a significant event from our ancestors' history that you, dear ones, can recall from Scripture. David gathered five stones in his pouch but only needed to throw one. Five books were chosen, yet unity triumphed. Consequently, after being struck down, David used the enemy's sword to behead him. Thus, our David, too, struck the devil using the very weapon meant for harm. When his mighty men, empowered by him and moved to faith, turned their tongues against the adversary, they too severed Goliath's head with his own sword.

Blessed be the Lord my God, who trains my hands for warfare and my fingers for combat, as Psalm 143:1 declares. These words resonate with us as the body of Christ. There appears to be redundancy in saying our hands are for battle and our fingers for war, yet is there a distinction? Indeed, both hands and fingers engage in work. We often confuse fingers for hands, recognizing that fingers represent various actions within a unified purpose. This is the grace! As the apostle expresses, some are designated for certain tasks and others for different ones; there is a diversity of functions, yet all operate through the same Spirit, the essence of unity. With these fingers, therefore, the Body of Christ wages war, embarking on the battlefield. Through acts of mercy, we overcome our foes, which are possible only through the mercy we receive from the Holy Spirit. He teaches our hands for battle and our fingers for warfare. To Him we proclaim: My mercy, from whom we have also become merciful; for judgment without mercy shall be for those who have not shown mercy, as stated in James 2:13.

My mercy and my refuge, my Preserver and my Deliverer echo Psalm 142:2. This warrior exerts great effort, and his flesh resists his spirit. Hold firmly to what you possess, and then you will attain fully what you seek when death is vanquished in victory, as noted in 1 Corinthians 15:54. Your mortal body will be transformed into a glorified state, elevated to a heavenly existence. There exists life and good days when the spirit faces no opposition, where it is said, not 'Fight,' but 'Rejoice.' But who among us desires such days? Naturally, everyone responds affirmatively. Yet observe what follows. I see you laboring; I recognize your struggles and dangers: listen closely. Depart from evil and do good; do not let the poor weep beneath you so that the poor may rejoice through you. What reward awaits you now in battle? Seek peace and pursue it. Know and declare: My Grace, my Refuge, my Guardian, my Deliverer, my Defender – my Guardian to prevent my fall; my Deliverer to prevent my despair; my Defender to shield me from harm. In all these struggles and challenges, I place my trust in Him who brings my people under my charge. Behold, our Head speaks to us.

Lord, what is man that You have made Yourself known to him? Psalm 142:3 embodies an all-encompassing acknowledgment that You have revealed Yourself to him, as well as the son of man whom You cherish. You regard him with such significance, assigning him great worth. The measure of this value lies in the sacrifice of Your only Son. God values humanity in a way that surpasses any earthly valuation; unlike one who pays more for a horse than for a slave, God has demonstrated His high regard for you. Consider how precious you are: if God is for us, who can stand against us? And how great is His valuation reflected in the non-spared Son! How could He not graciously give us all things along with Him? Romans 8:31-32. Who sustains the warrior? What has He prepared for the overcomer?

Man is fleeting as vanity; his days vanish like a shadow, as Psalm 142:4 proclaims. What then is vanity? It is the passage of time. This is contrasted with Truth, which remains steadfast and eternal. For this Truth is also part of His creation. As it is written, God has filled the Earth with His goodness, according to Sirach 16:29. What significance do earthly matters hold in the light of this? All things here are temporal and fleeting, especially when evaluated against that Truth which declares, I am that I am, as stated in Exodus 3:14. All temporal matters fade as quickly as a breath upon the wind. Why elaborate beyond what the apostle James has said in a bid to humble the proud: "What is your life?" It is a vapor that appears for a moment and then vanishes, as noted in James 4:14. Therefore, let your work by night be one of good deeds, crying out to God before the day of joy arrives, lest the day of sorrow comes first. Observe how securely you labor, as you are not abandoned by Him whom you seek, so that your Father who sees in secret may reward you openly, as Matthew 6:4 affirms.

O Lord, bow down Your heavens and come down; touch the mountains so that they may smoke, as Psalm 143:5 says. Flash Your lightnings, and You will scatter them; release Your arrows, and You will bring them to disgrace. Extend Your hand from above and rescue me, draw me out of the depths of many waters, as stated in Psalm 143:7. The Body of Christ, humble David, graced by God, relying on Him, cries out for divine assistance. What does it mean for the heavens to bow down? The apostles exemplified humility. These heavens declare God's glory. Although it is stated that there is no speech or language, all hear their voices, etc. When these heavens proclaimed their message across the earth and performed wonders while the Lord moved among them with awe-inspiring commands, it was believed that gods descended from the heavens to men. Some Gentiles even desired to offer sacrifices, mistaking them for deities. Yet, they offered worship to the Lord Jesus Christ, humbling themselves to exalt God, as the heavens bowed so that God might descend.

Touch the mountains, and they shall rise in smoke. Until touched, the mountains are full of self-importance; they are about to proclaim, You are great, O Lord, and indeed, You are the Most High over all the earth.

However, there are conspirators gathering against the Lord and His Christ. They conspire and unite in their efforts. Lighten Your lightnings, and You will scatter them. Increase Your miracles, and their schemes will be thwarted. Release Your arrows, and You will strike them down. Let the ailing be afflicted so that, through their wounds, they might attain healing and declare, now in the Church, the Body of Christ, I am wounded by love. Extend Your Hand from on high. How does the Body of Christ achieve victory? Through heavenly assistance. For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God, as 1 Thessalonians 4:16 proclaims, being the Savior of the body, the Hand of God. What does it mean to come out of many waters? It refers to being drawn from various nations. What nations? Those unacquainted with the faith, attacking us from the outside or laying traps from within. Draw me out of the many waters in which You have chastened me, which have engulfed me, that I may be purified from my filth. These waters symbolize contradiction, as seen in Numbers 20:13.

Consider the hand of those strangers whose tongues have spoken vanity, as Psalm 142:8 indicates. If you, brethren, were not gathered here for this divine proclamation through the Word of God, would you not be inundated with vanity? Whose lips utter vanity: when will those who speak emptiness hear the truths you profess? Their right hands represent wrongdoing. Why engage with them, holding your shepherd’s pouch filled with five stones? Allow me to illustrate: the same law represented by the five stones also signifies something greater. I will sing a new song to You, O God, as Psalm 143:9 declares. This is a new song of grace, a new song reflecting a new creation, a new song arising from the New Testament. Yet do not think that grace negates the law; rather, on a ten-stringed instrument I will sing to You. Based on the law of the Ten Commandments, in this very principle I can rejoice in You, able to sing a new song, for love fulfills the law, as described in Romans 13:10. Yet those who lack love may possess a psalm, but they cannot sing. Contradiction cannot mute my psalmody.

He who grants salvation to kings, who rescues David His servant, as stated in Psalm 143:10. You know who David is; be as David yourself. From where does He redeem David His servant? Where is Christ redeemed from? Where does He redeem the Body of Christ? From the blade of malice; deliver me from its grasp. Merely saying ‘from the blade’ is insufficient; he adds ‘of malice.’ Truly, a sword may come with good intentions. What does it mean to wield a sword of good intentions? This is the sword of which the Lord says, I have not come to bring peace but a sword, as found in Matthew 10:34. For He intended to separate believers from non-believers, sons from fathers, and break other unholy ties. However, this sword serves to divide the sick from the healthy among Christ's members. The sword of good intention is sharp on both edges, wyielding truths both old and new, recalling the past while promising the future. This contrasts with the sword of malice, which perpetuates vanity, while the sword of good intention speaks truth. Indeed, the sons of men wield their teeth like spears and arrows; their tongues wield sharp blades. Rescue me from this sword, as Psalm 142:11 implores. Take me out of the hand of those estranged from You, whose lips have spoken vanity, just as before. Additionally, their right hand continues to embody wickedness, as he previously remarked about the many waters.

Like a young vine firmly planted in its youth, whose sons bring praise, as Psalm 142:12 suggests. He desires to reveal their blessings. Notice, children of light, citizens of this world: take heed, members of the Body of Christ, regarding those he categorizes as strangers, the children of strangers, and the waters representing contradiction, all bearing malice. Notice carefully, for amidst them lies peril, where your fleshly desires wrestle against their tongues, the very tongues held by the enemy, with whom he contests, as stated in Ephesians 6:12. The vanity they speak and the wickedness of their right hand can be overwhelming. Their daughters are garbed and adorned like the temple. Their granaries are plentiful, overflowing treasures; their sheep thrive and multiply in the streets of Psalm 143:13; their cattle grow robust; their barriers remain intact, their pathways unobstructed, and there is no outcry in their streets, as Psalm 142:14 observes. Isn't this a glimpse of happiness? I inquire on behalf of the sons of the kingdom of heaven, the heirs of eternal resurrection, the unified Body of Christ, the members of Christ, the temple of God. Is it not blessed to have secure sons, beautiful daughters, ample provisions, thriving livestock, no collapse, I say, no walls, not even fences, no tumult in the streets, but rather tranquility, peace, abundance in their homes and cities? Is this not a state of bliss? Or must the righteous refrain from it? Surely, you can observe how the homes of the righteous brim with such blessings and happiness. Did not Abraham's household overflow with gold, silver, children, servants, livestock? What say we? Is that not happiness? Yet, it remains on the left hand. What of the left? It pertains to the temporal, mortal, and corporeal. I do not wish you to evade it, but rather to contemplate its fleeting nature compared to the eternal.

For what lies on the right? God, eternity, the everlasting years of God, which will not fade away, concerning which it is stated, Your years will not come to an end. There must be a right hand, a longing within us. Use the left for temporal matters; let us earnestly strive for the eternal. When wealth increases, do not let your heart be drawn to it.

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Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

One who misjudges and places undue significance on worldly matters believes that abundant enjoyment of such things is truly a blessing. However, true blessing lies not in excessive enjoyment, but in earnestly seeking the Lord, his God.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

"Blessed are those who have such a state, it has been declared." Many uninformed souls deem them fortunate. Yet we embody a Christ-like simplicity; we do not desire Plato's grandeur, but the straightforwardness of the fisherman apostles. They toil with their nets, their hands and feet muddied from labor, their hands marked by toil. "Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord." Truly blessed is the nation that possesses Christ instead of worldly wealth. They have sons and daughters, granaries filled, flocks that are fruitful, and oxen that are sturdy, shiny, and sleek. Although we may possess little, we remember the Gospel saying, "Where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I in the midst of them" (Matthew 18:20).

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Fear not, little flock, for it is the Father's good pleasure to reside among you. Let not the monks lament, "Look how populous the city and the whole world are. Is there no salvation outside the monastery? There are countless individuals, yet only we will attain salvation." When such thoughts arise, heed this: "Do not be afraid, little flock, for it pleases the Father to dwell among you." Today, we learn from the Gospel that one soul was redeemed while two thousand swine perished (Mk. 5:2-13). Why do I bring this up? Because a single holy soul holds more value than infinite multitudes of sinners. From all the world, He selected twelve apostles. One perished, and eleven remained. When the time of trial arrived, ten fled. Only Peter stood, yet he ultimately ran away. If only his retreat ended there! He even denied Him. So let us observe, "The entire human race was lost." In light of this, the crucified Lord states, "I alone trod the winepress, and among the nations, there was no one with Me" (Isaiah 63:3). Simultaneously, the psalmist laments, "Save me, O Lord, for the righteous has fallen short" (Ps. 11:2). "There is none who does good, not even one" (Ps. 13:1). The one who vowed, "Though I die or face imprisonment, I will not deny You" (see Mark 14:31), did quite the opposite. Why do I mention this? Because it is appropriate for a monk to focus not on the multitude of sinners, but rather on the transformation and the few saints. All of Judea was taken captive. Nebuchadnezzar seized numerous thousands and brought them to Babylon. Jeremiah alone remained steadfast in his faith and was thrown into a murky pit. Yet his singular soul was more valued than all the inhabitants. Do you wish to understand the significance of one individual? Joshua stood alone when he claimed the Promised Land. There were multitudes present, yet he stood solitary. He alone commanded the sun and the moon, and they obeyed; a man prays, and heaven heeds his plea. Heaven listened to him because he listened to the Lord. Jeremiah, amidst the throngs in captivity, expressed, "I sat alone, for I was filled with bitterness" (Jer. 15:17). Why were you solitary in the city? It was because I found no fellowship suitable for me.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Those who have not embraced the truth are unable to recognize the essence of all things; they invest their well-being in worldly pleasures, wealth, and power, and they regard those who indulge in such pursuits as deserving of envy and favor. Yet, the sacred elements of virtue, having partaken in divine wisdom, honor the souls under Your guidance, prioritizing Your care for them above all else. The Lord imparted such blessings to us, stating: Blessed are the poor in spirit: blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness: blessed are those who mourn: blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (Matthew 5:3-10). Conversely, those who chase after earthly delights, enjoying them briefly, ultimately yield to enduring torment from fleeting pleasures.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Blessed are the people for whom these truths hold meaning. Blessed are the individuals for whom the Lord their God is present. Many, as he concludes, refer to those who possess the aforementioned temporal blessings as truly fortunate and joyful. After this, in order to correct the misguided judgments of the unwise, David emphasizes what true blessedness is and which nation is genuinely considered blessed: that nation is blessed and joyful which the Lord God governs, not solely because they are His creation, but because they willingly serve Him and adhere to His commandments. This is what signifies authentic blessedness—fulfilling and upholding God's commandments, which grants a lasting and eternal good.

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Eusebius notes that here, in the most profound sense, he refers to two groups: the people of the circumcision and the followers of Christ, of whom the Lord God, the Word, is indeed God, as evidenced by the statement: "The people whom I did not know have become servants to me, the sons of strangers have become dilapidated." Theodoret remarks that those who have not grasped the truth lack the ability to discern things according to their true nature; they equate prosperity with luxury, wealth, and power, deeming those who obtain such things to be enviable and fortunate. In contrast, those who have embraced virtue and partake in divine wisdom regard as blessed those who benefit from Your providence and prioritize Your care above all earthly matters. The Lord says, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, and blessed are those who mourn; for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." However, those who indulge in the fleeting pleasures of life often find that, when reaping the consequences of their choices, the temporary joy they experienced leads to enduring affliction.

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

What is there for humanity to be proud of or to boast in? Only poverty, decay, and sin? Is that true praise? It amounts to blasphemy, not glory but shame, not honor but dishonor. What will you take pride in, O man? Is it the wealth, fame, esteem, and wisdom of this present age? What value is found in that? It is not external success that merits commendation, but inner wealth that truly blesses a person. For all external success is ultimately meaningless. We recognize a tree as good not by its outward beauty or the abundance of its branches and leaves, but by its interior quality that yields good fruit.

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A man may seem rich on the outside, yet be poor and wretched within; he may appear glorious and upright outwardly, yet be dishonorable within; he may present himself as wise, yet be foolish inside; he may be prosperous in appearance, yet be more miserable than all. This is often the case. People tend to admire those who shine outwardly, but the Word of God honors those whom the Lord has chosen. Blessed are the people whose God is the Lord.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

Blessed are those who, without idolizing their own strength, splendor, and greatness, focus their hearts on the might of God (Psalm 47:14). Blessed are those for whom the Lord is their God (Psalm 143:15). As they witness Him brought forth and positioned at His right hand (Psalm 15:8), they remain unshaken by confusion or peril. A kingdom founded on faith and reliance on God, when faced with the injustices and accusations of outsiders, finds refuge in "God the judge just and strong" (Psalm 7:12); if confronted with aggression, it turns to "God who girds...

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with strength" (Psalm 17:33); even amidst concealed threats and unintentional assaults, there is a "guardian" whose vigilance never falters (Psalm 120:4); should they grow weary, they "seek God who saves" the feeble "from weakness and from the storm" (Psalm 54:9) of hopelessness. Engaging in a righteous struggle, it bravely stands against the entire world, acknowledging as its ultimate commander the one rightfully known as "the God of armies" (1 Samuel 17:15), who "goes out in strength" on behalf of His beloved people and "gives... strength to His people" (Psalm 28:11): having attained peace, it cherishes this gift, both as a blessing on earth and as a divine grace, understanding that "the Lord blesses His people with peace" (Psalm 28:11). When it cultivates such a sense of divine power, even its adversaries begin to perceive the handiwork of God, and thus its joy and gladness become inseparable from the invincible strength of God, the unchangeable mercy, and the unassailable glory.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In concluding the Psalm, the Prophet emphasizes that those who are considered blessed by the children of this world are often deemed so because of their material possessions. However, the true blessing lies not in these temporal goods but in having the Lord their God. It is important to note that the distinction between the children of God and those of this age arises not from abundance but rather from a deficiency in worldly wealth. There are indeed many who belong to the family of God and possess sufficient material goods yet will ultimately receive eternal life. Conversely, there are also numerous individuals from this age who meet a tragic fate through poverty, exile, and imprisonment or even through execution.

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The true differentiating factor between the children of the kingdom and the children of Gehenna, or between those in darkness and those of light, lies within the disposition of the heart. Those who prioritize earthly treasures to the extent that they disdain eternal riches, and who perceive earthly troubles as such harm that they will provoke God to avoid them, risking their eternal salvation, are indeed the children of the darkness of this age and Gehenna. In this context, the Prophet remarks that people find favor with those who possess such things.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

The title indicates that David is the author of this psalm, which aligns it closely with other psalms attributed to him, particularly Psalm 17. The phrase "to Goliath," found solely in the Greek translations and the Vulgate, appears to have been added later. Although this psalm draws inspiration from Psalm 17, its overall message does not directly reflect David's triumph over Goliath. At the time of its composition, David had already achieved victory and had garnered the loyalty of his people (v.2), with the Lord having performed mighty deeds on his behalf. Nevertheless, he faced significant threats from surrounding nations, prompting him to seek God's assistance. The context of this psalm can likely be linked to events depicted in 2 Samuel 5 and onwards, or 8:1 and beyond.

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Initially, David expresses gratitude to the Lord for his past victories, divine protection in times of peril, and for being made a servant of God (vv. 1-2). The use of present tense in the terms of teaching and obeying suggests an ongoing dynamic from prior experiences. His people represent the Jewish tribes. He asks for guidance through the same grace that enabled him to become a champion and deliverer (2 Samuel 1 and elsewhere). The psalmist acknowledges his own frailty, feeling unworthy of God’s attention (3-4), yet understands that God’s revelation comes through His gracious deeds. The term for vanity derives from a Hebrew word meaning 'breath' or 'blowing.' Despite the psalmist’s feelings of insignificance, he pleads for divine assistance against current threats from deceitful neighbors (5-8). The "hand of unrighteousness" refers to false sworn oaths and treachery in a broader sense. Having received help, the psalmist vows to sing a new song to praise the Lord as the Savior of kings and the Protector of David (vv. 9-10). He again petitions the Lord for salvation (v.11), emphasizing the urgency of God’s intervention against foes who presently seem to prosper (vv. 12-14). The verses according to the LXX and Vulgate illustrate this temporary happiness of the enemies, which may create a misunderstanding among the Israelites—that the wicked enjoy true happiness—while in reality, only the faithful are genuinely blessed (v. 15).

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.