The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 147 (146/147):14Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Who hath placed peace in thy borders: and filleth thee with the fat of corn.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

הַשָּׂם־גְּבוּלֵ֥ךְ שָׁל֑וֹם חֵ֥לֶב חִ֝טִּ֗ים יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽךְ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Then he reveals another aspect of divine provision by declaring that He creates tranquility among you and nourishes you with the finest grain. It is indeed possible to experience safety and abundance while still engaging in conflict. Yet, this phrasing indicates that they were safeguarded from such threats; the city itself was protected, along with its farthest borders. Notice the numerous blessings he lists: the foremost and most significant is captured in the phrase, "thy God." Through this, he conveys that God has drawn you near, has made you an heir, and by being the sovereign over all, has chosen to be your own God; this is the primary and most profound of all gifts. The second blessing is that He has granted security to the city. The third is that He has multiplied their numbers.

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The fourth is deliverance from battles and turmoil, affecting not only the city but the entire nation, consistently, as He did not merely state: "He who affirms," but rather, "affirming." If conflicts arose, it was not due to God's abandonment, but rather because they themselves turned away; His ongoing work was to guard, to provide safety, and to rescue from chaos and strife. In addition to this, the prophet enumerates other blessings, highlighting the fertility and abundance of the earth’s fruits, reminding us to attribute all things not to the soil or air, but to the hand of God. How so? By saying, "with the best wheat He feedeth thee." Notice that he does not simply say “with wheat,” but rather “with better wheat,” indicating exceptional abundance; the harvest signifies the fruitful yield. Such are God's gifts—ripe and splendid. Thus, he communicates that God generously nourishes you with the finest grain; in this intent, he did not say “the giver,” but rather “feeds you.” He “establishes peace within thee.” This can predominantly be understood in reference to the Church; notably, she found peace even while contending with her adversaries and experienced security amidst plots against her. For this reason, the Lord proclaimed, “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you” (John 14:27). Likewise, “and better wheat shall He feed thee” can be interpreted as referring to the Church and signifies spiritual sustenance, representing that bread of life He has bestowed upon us.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Praise together, O Jerusalem, your God. Psalm 146:12. Even while in captivity, they envision the collective unity of their people, gathering from every side to that sacred city. They witness the joy of the multitude, now safe after the trials of their labor, free from fear and hardship; and amidst their struggles, they send forth their joy and hope, uniting their hearts with the heavenly hosts and with those destined to share eternal joy with them. What will you do, O Jerusalem? Surely, toil and lamentation will fade. What actions will you take? Will you plow, sow, plant vineyards, travel, or trade? What will your duties entail? Will your responsibilities remain as they are, regardless of their goodness or mercy? Examine your community closely: identify the hungry to whom you might offer bread, the thirsty for whom you might provide a cup of cold water, the stranger to whom you may show hospitality, the sick whom you could visit, the one in conflict whom you might reconcile, or the dying whom you might bury. So, what will you do? Praise together, O Jerusalem, your God. This is your calling. As the inscriptions often declare, Engage and rejoice. Be, O Jerusalem; remember what is said, "Lord, in Thy city their image Thou shalt destroy." Those now delighting in such splendor, among them are those who missed this gathering due to this display. To whom is it a blessing? To whom is it a curse? Or why is it a blessing? Why is it a loss? For not only do those who present such spectacles suffer loss, but a far greater loss is inflicted on those who merely observe them. The former have their treasure extracted from their hearts, while the latter have the wealth of righteousness robbed from their souls. Many of the former lament the sale of their properties; how should sinners mourn the forfeiture of their souls? Was it not for this reason that the Lord cried out on the Lord's Day: "Watch, that men may also watch today." I implore you, fellow citizens of Jerusalem, by the peace of Jerusalem, by the Redeemer, by the Architect, by the Lord of Jerusalem, turn your prayers to God on their behalf. May they recognize their trivial pursuits; despite their fixation on fleeting spectacles, they may ultimately feel discontent when they turn their gaze inward. For many of us already celebrate what has been accomplished: once we too were caught in madness; and how many among us think they are secure now, who may one day be not just Christians, but leaders! From past experiences, we infer what is to come; from what has transpired, we herald in advance what God will accomplish. Let your prayers be vigilant; your cries are not in vain. Surely, those already redeemed intercede for those still facing peril, for they too have known danger. God will surely deliver His people from Babylonian captivity; assuredly, He will redeem and rescue them, and the assembly of saints reflecting His image will increase. Praise in harmony, for you are a multitude; praise for you have united as one. As the apostle states, "We, though many, are one in Christ." 1 Corinthians 10:17. Since we are many, we engage in unified praise; as we are one, we offer our praise. Many and one are unified because He in whom they are unified remains always One.

Therefore, says this Jerusalem, "Why do I praise the Lord in unison, and as Zion do I exalt my God?" Jerusalem is indeed synonymous with Zion. It bears two names for distinct reasons. "Jerusalem" signifies visions of peace; "Zion" conveys observation. See how these terms parallel spectacles so that the Gentiles may not believe they possess spectacles while we lack them. After the crowd disperses from the theater or amphitheater, when the disillusioned begin to exit that den, often clinging to memories of their vain entertainment, delighting in what is neither useful nor beneficial, viewing it as sweet while it is truly harmful; they may catch a glimpse of God’s servants passing by, recognize them by their garments or appearance, and murmur to one another, "Poor souls, how much they miss out!" Brethren, let us respond to their goodwill—with prayers to the Lord. They genuinely wish us well, yet one who delights in iniquity despises their own soul; and if they detest their soul, how can they cherish mine? Yet, with misguided, hollow, and vain intentions—if they can even be deemed good will—they lament our loss of what captivates their hearts: let us pray that they themselves do not forfeit what we cherish. Observe carefully what Jerusalem must embody, which calls for praise, or rather anticipates that it shall praise. For the praises of this city, once we shall see, love, and extol it, will require no encouragement from prophetic voices; the prophets speak now to instill, as much as possible while still bound to this flesh, the forthcoming joys of the blessed, and thus to bring these to our ears, stirring in us a love for that city. Let us burn with desire; let us not grow weary in spirit. Praise your God, Zion.

He declares, "He has fortified the bolts of your gates." Psalm 146:13. The bolts are not locked to admit, but to secure; this aligns with how most manuscripts read, "He has strengthened the bolts of your gates." Pay attention, beloved. He commands Jerusalem, even when it is shut, to exalt the Lord. Praising should occur in unison, now; yet this happens amid offense. Many enter where we wish they wouldn’t; many exit against our will: thus, offenses proliferate. And due to the escalation of lawlessness, as the Truth states, love grows cold among many. Matthew 24:12, because some come in whom we cannot discern, and others leave whom we cannot retain. Why is this? Because perfection is not yet realized, bliss is yet to come. Why this? Because we are still in the threshing phase, but not in the granary. What then might transpire? It leads to the fear that similar conditions will persist. He said, "He has set up, and He has strengthened the shutters of your gates." Let no person exit; let no individual enter. Let no one exit—we rejoice; let no one enter—we fear. Do not fear this: when you enter, it shall be said, "Only you shall be among the virgins who brought their oil."

He has blessed your children within you. WHO? He who has established peace within your borders. How you all rejoice! Love peace, brethren. Rejoice with great joy when love of peace bursts forth from your hearts. How it causes you to rejoice! I said nothing; explained nothing: I simply read the verse, and you cried out. What stirred within you? A love for peace... children of the kingdom, citizens of Jerusalem, there resides a vision of peace in Jerusalem: and all who love peace are blessed in it, and shall enter when the doors are locked and the bars secured. This is what you covet so deeply: this love in your households, in your work, in your spouses, your children, your servants, your friends, your adversaries. What you recently cried out at the mere name of peace, you cried out with yearning: your lament was one of thirst, not of excess; for there will be complete truth wherever there is perfect peace. Now we hunger and thirst for righteousness. They will be filled. Matthew 5:6 How will they be filled? When we embrace peace. Therefore, when it states, "He who established peace within your bounds"—for there is fulfillment there, and no lacking—He immediately adds, "And with the fat of wheat He shall satisfy you." Psalm 146:14.

He sends forth His Word upon the earth. Psalm 146:15. Behold, upon the earth we toil, weary, weak, sluggish, and cold; when we ought to have ascended to the abundance of wheat that satiates us, did He not send His Word to the earth that burdens us, which hinders our return? He sent His Word; He did not forsake us even in the wilderness; He showered manna from heaven. Who sends His Word upon the earth? His Word did come to the earth. What is His Word like? It moves with swiftness. It does not simply state, "His Word is swift," but "His Word runs even unto swiftness." Let us comprehend, brethren: He could not have chosen a better term. The one who is warm grows warm from heat; the cold become cold from their environment; the swift are swift from swiftness... To what extent, then, does it run? Even to swiftness. Amplify the swiftness of the Word to any measure and assert it is as swift as this or that—like birds, winds, angels; does any of these compare to swiftness itself, even to swiftness? Swiftness itself, brethren, is omnipresent; it is not fragmentary. It belongs to the Word of God, not to possess a part, but to encompass the entirety of the Word itself, by which He exhibits the Power of God and the Wisdom of God. 1 Corinthians 1:24, before He took on flesh. When we think of God in His Divine Form, the Word equal to the Father, this is the Wisdom of God of which it is stated, "It stretches mightily from one end to the other." Wisdom 8:1 What tremendous speed! It reaches mightily from end to end...

We are consequently burdened by the frailty of this cold body and the bonds of this transient and corrupt existence; do we harbor no hope of receiving the swiftly approaching Word? Or has He abandoned us, though shackled in this earthbound existence? Did He not predestine us even before we were conceived in this mortal, frail body? Then He who Predestined us bestowed snow upon the earth, and us as well. Now let us delve into these somewhat enigmatic lines from the Psalm and allow these confusions to unravel. Here, we are slow on this earth and somewhat frozen in our existence. Just as snowflakes freeze atop the earth before descending; as love cools, human nature descends to this realm, entangled in a sluggish, cold existence, resembling a cold, hard substance. Yet within this snow lie the predestined sons of God. For He gives snow as wool. Psalm 146:16. What is wool? It signifies that from the snow He has provided, from those who are still cold in spirit and slow, whom He has predestined, He is going to shape something. Wool serves as material for clothing: when we see wool, we regard it as a precursor to garments. Therefore, as He has predestined those who currently lack warmth and are meandering through life, not yet ignited with the spirit of love (for He still speaks of predestination), God presents them as wool, soon to be fashioned into garments. Truly, Christ's garments radiated on the mountain like snow. Matthew 17:2. The attire of Christ gleamed like snow, as if a garment had already been woven from that snow, or wool, which is revealed in snow, that He has bequeathed as wool—being still under the banner of predestination—was transformed: but wait to see what follows. Because He has given them as wool, clothing shall emerge from them. Just as the Church is named the body of Christ, so the Church is described as the garment of Christ; hence the apostle's saying, "that He might present it to Himself a glorious Church, without spot or wrinkle." Ephesians 5:27. Let Him henceforth present to Himself a glorious Church, unblemished and pure; let Him fashion for Himself a garment from that wool which He has predestined in the snow. While individuals remain unbelieving, cold, and sluggish, let Him craft a garment from that wool. To cleanse him from stains, let him be purified by faith; so that no faults may cling to him, let him be humbled on the cross...

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Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

Is there tranquility in a place ravaged by conflict? "And with a grain of wheat to nourish you." Does the grain have substance? O Jew, respond: does it possess any? Thus, if there is no substance in the wheat, and you are compelled to understand it in a spiritual sense, by this passage, the rest should be interpreted likewise. Praise, O Jerusalem, the Lord. "Jerusalem" signifies "the manifestation of peace." Praise your God, Zion. "Zion" translates to "fortress." Therefore, reflect on what has been conveyed. Praise, Jerusalem, the Lord. Where the world's image resides, where God dwells, let Him be glorified. Therefore, O Church, praise the Lord when you have faith in Him, receive peace, and perceive peace: this is Jerusalem, the embodiment of peace.

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Once you served idols, but now you serve God; thus, exalt your God. When you gain understanding and become a fortress, that is, Zion, worship the Lord. You shall praise, O Jerusalem; you shall praise, O Zion; you, O soul of the Church; you, O Church. Let not the heretics proclaim praise; let not the synagogue offer praise, but you offer praise. Why? Because He has fortified the bolts of your gates. "The Lord loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob" (Psalm 86:2). The gates of Zion represent the prophets. Since we acknowledge that the gates of Zion are prophets, let us discern who the guardians of the gate are. It is indeed true that the gates of the Church are the prophets; only through them can we gain entry. Manichaeus sought to enter not by the gate, and he failed. Marcion rejected the Old Testament but could not access the Gospel without the thresholds of the Old Testament. Thus, we recognize the gates of the prophets and enter through them. But let us identify who the gatekeepers are. Many robbers, many thieves attempt to breach the gate. "All who came before Me were thieves and robbers" (see Jn. 10:8). Oh, if the Lord would grant me to be the guardian of the gates of Zion! If anyone wished to bring heretics through them into the realm of the Gospel, I would rise and prohibit their passage. For He has fortified the bolts of your gates. He has. Give me a clergyman schooled in heavenly scriptures. It occurs that Eunomius and Arius wish to extract something from the prophets against us. Does this not act as a deadbolt? Does it not obstruct like a lock? For He has strengthened the bolts of your gates. It is beautifully stated, "He has strengthened": so that when you witness a clergyman engaging in discourse, you should not view him merely as a debater but as someone bolstering the clergyman. And He who nourishes you with a grain of wheat. "If a grain of wheat does not fall to the ground and die, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much fruit" (cf. Jn. 12:24). Our Lord cast a grain of wheat into the ground and multiplied us. This grain of wheat is immense; it has substance, it has fullness. And with the fullness of wheat, He satisfies you. Blessed is he who perceives the fullness in this grain. Let us delve into the scriptures. I perceive the body of Jesus as the Gospel; the Scriptures represent His teachings. And when He proclaims, "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood" (see John 6:53-54), although it may carry a mysterious interpretation, indeed, the flesh and blood of Christ are the word of Scripture and divine teaching. When we approach the mystery—the believer will comprehend—a grain falls, and we partake in it. When we hear the word of God, and it is bestowed upon us along with the flesh and blood of Christ, if we consider it otherwise, into what peril do we encounter? And He who nourishes you with the richness of wheat. The word of God is exceedingly rich; it encompasses all delights. Everything you desire emerges from it. Jewish tradition states that when they consumed manna, each individual was nourished according to their desire. For instance, if the manna-eater longed for apples, pears, grapes, or meat, the taste of the manna corresponded to the nature of the food and his longing. Likewise, in the flesh of Christ, who is the word of doctrine, that is, the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures: whatever nourishment we seek, we receive. Whether you are holy, you find rest; whether you are a sinner, you are tormented. And He who nourishes you with the richness of wheat. He leaves nothing behind. Blessed are your children within you. "To those who received Him, He gave the right to become children of God" (John 1:12). Who has established your boundaries in peace? We read in another Psalm: "And His dwelling was in the world" (Ps. 75:3). "My peace I give to you; My peace I leave with you" (John 14:27). My peace: distinct from the world's, for the world's tranquility is our strife. My peace I give to you. Engage in battle with the world, and you shall possess My peace. He who has established peace within your borders. Thus, whoever is not at peace with his brother is not within Jerusalem. Someone might ask, "What shall I do? My brother refuses to reconcile, so am I outside the confines of this city?" "As much as it depends on you, live peaceably with all" (Rom. 12:18). "With those who hate peace, I am a man of peace" (Ps. 119:7). Let you find peace: if anyone is angry, he fosters warfare, and his conflict is the source of your peace. Would you like to understand how peace and conflict can coexist? Wretched Judas reached the point of betrayal, yet the Lord offered him peace with a kiss. From that, He produced conflict.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

You will establish your boundaries in tranquility. You have been granted peace in all places; for when you are alarmed by the assaults of your foes, others are reluctant to confront you. You will be nourished with the finest grain. The Lord has blessed you with material abundance. The Prophet referred to the harvest of grain as the bounty of fruit, partially representing the whole; since grain is essential for bread, and the harvest yields the finest bread. However, the Prophet also represented other fruits through this imagery. These were the provisions for which the Jews had previously prepared; yet, when they violently opposed the Savior, they lost all these blessings. Thus, the prophetic declaration, having spoken of the Jews, heralds the salvation of the Gentiles.

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You will set your boundaries in tranquility. Peace is bestowed upon you in all places; because, having been frightened by the attacks of your enemies, others do not dare to confront you. A cloud of grain shall sustain you. The Lord has blessed you with material abundance. The Prophet referred to the harvest of grain as the bounty of fruit, partly signifying the whole; since grain is essential for bread, and the harvest yields the finest bread. However, the Prophet also represented by this other fruits. These were the provisions for which the Jews had previously prepared; yet, when they violently opposed the Savior, they lost all these blessings. Thus, the prophetic declaration, having spoken of the Jews, heralds the salvation of the Gentiles.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

God, as it is stated, has dispelled all conflict from your borders and established tranquility within them, or has rendered your territories peaceful. He nourishes you not just with basic wheat, but with the finest quality of wheat, which refers to the purest flour; for semidal represents the richest and most refined flour derived from wheat. Moreover, He not only bestowed it upon you, but also sustains you with it, illustrating the abundance and wealth of the harvest. According to Chrysostom, He did not merely liberate the city from wrongdoers, but also restored its very boundaries, indicating the limits of its protection. Additionally, He did not say "He who delivered," but rather "He who delivers," implying His ongoing reliability.

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Theodoret remarked that He has granted you peace on every side; for in witnessing the devastation of the slain, others were reluctant to launch any assaults. Origen explained that the borders of Jerusalem, representing the Church, are enveloped in perfect peace, while beyond these borders, peace is absent. Therefore, anyone who lives in unrest exists outside the confines of Jerusalem, that is, the Church. Chrysostom further emphasized that this is most appropriately related to the Church. Remarkably, the Church, although surrounded by conflict, experiences peace and remains secure despite all external hostility. Thus, the Lord proclaims, "Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you." As Nicetas in the Vault suggested, the term wheat, representing essential nourishment, encompasses other fruits as well. Theodoret articulated, "I have showered earthly blessings upon you," as the abundance of fruits was represented through the term for wheat, with 'pyros' symbolizing wheat and its essence denoting the finest bread. This notion extends to convey the richness of other fruits too. However, the ancient Israelites, in their reckless rebellion against the Savior, forfeited these blessings. Hence, this prophecy, with such declarations regarding them, anticipates the salvation of the Gentiles. Origen connected this to another Psalm: "And He fed them with the fat of wheat." The grain of wheat symbolizes the Savior, who identified Himself as such. Therefore, He is the richness with which God feeds Jerusalem, that is, the Church is nourished by His very body.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Alleluia, Haggai, and Zechariah This title appears in the heading of Psalm 145. The essence of this psalm reflects the prophet’s call for the people of Israel to offer praise to God for His blessings. Simultaneously, he expounds on the divine wisdom and power of God, evident in the natural order, including the creation of snow, frost, ice, cloudiness, and cold.

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In this proclamation, Jerusalem is implored to laud the Lord, and Zion is encouraged to glorify her God: You shall fortify the faith within your gates, and you shall extend blessings to your children. You who set the borders of the earth and provide sustenance through grain: After addressing the general kindness of God, he again directs his message specifically to the faithful, urging them to embrace with genuine gratitude those gifts and mercies that the world often overlooks. By invoking the name Jerusalem, he speaks to the entire Body of Christ, for at that time, the faithful were gathering in Jerusalem, drawn together as under a divine banner to participate in the national worship.

Though he later discusses the overarching governance of the world, at this moment, he particularly extols the mercy of God shown uniquely to the Church and its devoted followers, illustrating that the Lord protects, nourishes, and shields His Church from all harm. When he declares, ‘Strengthen the faith of your gates,’ he implies that the holy city of Jerusalem is securely defended by God, rendering it fearless against its adversaries. The subsequent phrase, ‘You shall maintain your borders in peace,’ indicates that enemies are kept at bay by God's power, ensuring no threat or turmoil can encroach upon it.

This is further complemented by God's outward blessings, through which the citizens of the city live in tranquil and prosperous conditions, receiving sustenance abundantly. This abundance is not a divine allowance for indulgence in luxury, which might weaken them, as the flesh is naturally inclined toward sensual pleasures. Rather, it is the faithful who recognize God's generosity more distinctly in life’s necessities than the unfaithful, who may be either blinded by their contentment, unsettled by deprivation, or perpetually troubled by insatiable greed.

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm is believed to be from the period following the spring season and may have been composed during Nehemiah’s leadership, a figure renowned for the reconstruction of the walls and gates of Jerusalem. The psalmist calls upon the city of Jerusalem, now fortified and filled with its inhabitants—the children to be blessed—experiencing tranquility and outward affluence, to exalt the Lord. The powerful declaration of the Lord, who can effortlessly transform a harsh winter into a gentle spring, has brought about this salvation and improved the dire circumstances of Israel, equated to a winter of captivity. It is essential that this be so, as Israel has received the Revelation, thereby establishing its inherent superiority over all other nations as God's chosen people.

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In the Hebrew text, this psalm is considered a single composition with the preceding one. The Septuagint’s division into two reflects that Psalm 147 contains more specific imagery compared to the more generalized Psalm 146, which addresses all of Israel while the former focuses particularly on the holy city. Despite this division, both may have originated from the same author and been joined for liturgical purposes within the Jewish tradition. The phrase “of Haggai and Zechariah” in the Septuagint suggests a context for its creation. The reference to blessing the sons indicates the abundance of people blessed, while the phrase “Thou shalt set thy bounds in peace” denotes that the Lord established peaceful boundaries for the city, driving away adversarial groups such as the Samaritans. The mention of “tuk wheat” connects to imagery found in Psalm 80:17. The "word" signifies the command of God, executed promptly and likened to a messenger descending from heaven to fulfill the desires of the Lord; with merely a command, winter can dissipate.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.