The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 4:2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

When I called upon him, the God of my justice heard me: when I was in distress, thou hast enlarged me. Have mercy on me: and hear my prayer.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

בְּקָרְאִ֡י עֲנֵ֤נִי ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צִדְקִ֗י בַּ֭צָּר הִרְחַ֣בְתָּ לִּ֑י חָ֝נֵּ֗נִי וּשְׁמַ֥ע תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 10 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

The prophet speaks not merely for our benefit, but so that we might recognize how we too can be heard when we call upon God. We may receive our requests even before we finish our prayers. The prophet states, “When I called, He heard me,” emphasizing that it is the earnestness of our faith that truly matters. God reassures those who seek Him, as evidenced in His promise: “Then you shall call, and the Lord shall hear; you shall cry, and He shall say, ‘Here I am’” (Isaiah 58:9). It is not the number of words we use that impresses God, but a heart that is pure and actions that demonstrate goodwill. For those who live wickedly yet rely on their eloquence in prayer, God warns, “When you multiply your prayers... I will not hear” (Isaiah 1:15).

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Thus, those who wish to pray must first possess steadfast faith, ensuring they receive what they petition for. The prophet did not simply say “Hear me,” but added, “O God of my righteousness,” reflecting his unwavering faith in God. This is not a boast but a crucial lesson for all. No one should think they are disregarded because they feel insignificant; God takes notice of our deeds and responds accordingly. If you have works that advocate for you, you will be heard; conversely, if you lack them, even great figures like David could find their pleas unanswered. Just as one who is avaricious overlooks the dignity of others, so too will those who approach God without the truth be unheard, regardless of their pleas, as God seeks honesty above all. Therefore, seek to come before Him genuinely. By righteousness, I mean the totality of virtue, exemplified in Job, who embodied righteousness fully without succumbing to any vice. True scales maintain consistency and truthful measurements can be relied upon in all circumstances; Job was righteous in all matters, never deviating in his treatment of others. He guarded against pride and haughtiness, as shown when he said, “If I neglected the rights of my servant... did not He who made me in the womb also make him?” (Job 31:13, 15). Pride is the utter falsehood.

A covetous person seeks to claim what isn’t theirs, while a haughty individual expects more than is due, looking to elevate themselves at the expense of another. This stems solely from unrighteousness, which is clear because God created both you and your neighbor, providing equally for all. Thus, why deprive them of their share and reduce them to lack? This was not the case with the blessed prophet who boldly claimed, “Hear me, O God of my righteousness.” St. Paul also sets himself as an example not to boast but to guide, saying, “I wish that all men were as I am” in self-control (1 Corinthians 7:7). Likewise, David demonstrated his courage gained through God when he recounted how he killed bears and lions, not to exalt himself but to instill confidence. Yet some may question the need for prayer if truth alone suffices. Prayer is necessary for it is an act of love towards God, sharpening our ability to communicate with Him and leading us towards wisdom. If one benefits from engaging with a distinguished person, how much more should our relationship with God be enriched through communion with Him. Unfortunately, we often overlook the significance of prayer due to our negligence or lack of focus. We prepare ourselves meticulously to converse with notable individuals, yet when in God’s presence, we can be careless and distracted. Proper reverence in engaging with God could reveal the benefits of prayer, which if understood, would show that prayer elevates us spiritually. One who learns to converse with God rightly moves beyond earthly bounds to heavenly contemplation, transcending worldly desires to stand before the divine throne, regardless of earthly status. God does not seek a polished tongue or eloquent speech; rather, He desires a beautiful soul. If such a soul cries out in a way that pleases God, it shall receive all that is asked.

It is astonishing that unlike human interactions, where we must employ charm and soft words to approach authority, with God, mere sincerity of heart suffices to draw near. “Am I God only near,” says the Lord, “and not also afar off?” (Jeremiah 23:23). Thus, it is our distance from Him that hinders us, while He remains ever close. Often, words may not even be needed; a heartfelt plea can reach Him, as He heard Moses and Hannah (Exodus 14:15; 1 Samuel 1:18). There are no soldiers to deter your approach nor barriers to delay you; at any hour, whether in the public square or in solitude, He listens attentively to those who petition Him with sincerity. Fears of adversaries cannot keep us from prayer because God neither acknowledges our foes nor denies our appeals. We communicate directly with Him, unencumbered by gatekeepers or intermediaries; He is especially attentive when approached with a pure heart.

We beseech God not through others but rather through our own humility. He desires our earnestness, acting favorably toward those who genuinely seek Him; this is exemplified in the Canaanite woman's persistent requests, which were answered when her own cries reached Jesus (Matthew 15:22). Should there be any perceived delays, they are meant for our growth, urging us toward deeper devotion and recognition of our needs. The art of prayer does not require special training or financial sacrifice, but merely the desire to engage with God. This practice enhances not only personal petitions but can intercede for others as well. The essence of prayer requires an attentive spirit, a contrite heart, and a focus on spiritual matters, steering clear of worldly desires and malice. Approach with a humble spirit, eschewing enmity and all that opposes God’s will, for no one who harbors resentment may speak rightly to God.

Therefore, if you desire to communicate with God on behalf of yourself and others, strive to be free from evil. To be righteous will ensure that your prayers are heard, as God will heed the truth you present. “In tightness Thou hast given me spaciousness,” the prophet exclaims. He doesn’t merely speak of relief from tribulation but expresses that God grants peace amidst struggles, revealing the divine wisdom and might at work. Such power is demonstrated not only through the cessation of suffering but by bestowing inner peace that uplifts the soul, prompting spiritual vigilance. The same God who preserved Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego in the fiery furnace and Daniel in the lion’s den remains constant in providing safety amid turmoil. Though the flames were not quenched, nor the beasts silenced, the faithful found tranquility and freedom.

Furthermore, distress can lead to greater peace, particularly when external challenges liberate the soul from various passions. When suffering through trials, many are drawn away from destructive indulgences into peace. Just like those with fevers find calm not through excess but through moderation, so too does sorrow strip away life’s distractions, leading us closer to God. Reflect on the behavior of the Israelites during affliction and prosperity; it was during their trials that they beseeched the Lord, achieving His favor through sincere prayer.

The apostolic witness affirms that suffering cultivates patience, leading to experience and hope, as highlighted by Paul: “From tribulation comes patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope” (Romans 5:3-5). The ‘space’ granted to David was not for material gain or victory over foes but for nourishment in times of hardship. He articulated, “In affliction Thou hast given me spaciousness,” recognizing that God not only heard him quickly but also transformed distress into abundance. David’s experiences, such as during Absalom’s rebellion, reflect that even in need, God’s provision is sure.

In times of affliction, remember that God sustains the righteous, ensuring that they will not suffer hunger (Proverbs 10:3). Venturing into the depths of pain can yield vast rewards, just as the persecuted often emerge victorious spiritually. Suffering is not without purpose; it purifies, strengthens, and ultimately aligns us with divine grace.

David’s psalm reveals that it was in his despair that he received God’s favor, highlighting that blessings often come through adversity. As demonstrated through the story of the penitent thief on the cross, the path to salvation was secured through suffering. That same cross which bore sin also bore hope, transforming lives from condemnation to redemption. The narrative illustrates that God’s mercy is accessible to those who, like the robber, wish to partake of His grace by repenting, pleading for His forgiveness, and acknowledging His sovereignty.

In this way, our prayers mirror the humility of the thief, reminding us to approach God earnestly, surrendering our sins and seeking His mercy, just as he cried out, “Remember me, O Lord, when thou comest into thy kingdom” (Luke 23:42).

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Expansion of the heart His heart is no longer restricted to a small, confined space, despite the fact that his adversaries are assaulting him from the outside, making every effort to trap him. In terms of grammar, there is a notable shift in the person being addressed by the psalmist: he transitions from speaking in the third person when stating He has heard, to the second person when declaring, ‘You are leading me to all-embracing freedom.’ If this transition was not made for stylistic variation, one might question why he first indicates that he has been heard, then shifts to reference the One who listened.

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Perhaps by highlighting how his heart has been expanded and that he has been heard, he aims to engage in dialogue with God; it is a moment to illustrate the significance of having our hearts enlarged and the presence of God within us. This signifies that we are empowered to converse with God from within our hearts.

When I called out, the God of my righteousness answered me (Psalm 4:1). The psalmist proclaims that the God of my righteousness has indeed heard me. In times of distress, You have widened my spirit. You have lifted me from the depths of sorrow into the broad path of joy. For anguish and constraint afflict every soul of man who practices evil (Rom. 2:9). Yet, he who proclaims, Let us rejoice in our trials, knowing that trials produce perseverance; even stating, ‘Because the love of God has been poured into our hearts by the Holy Spirit given to us,’ finds no restraint within his heart; rather, confinement is imposed upon him by those who persecute him.

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The shift from the third person, where it says, ‘He hath heard,’ immediately transitions to the second person, asserting, ‘Thou hast enlarged me.’ If this transition isn’t purely for the sake of style and elegance, it raises questions about why the psalmist first informs the people of being heard before directly addressing the One who listened to him. Perhaps, in expressing how he has been heard, he chooses to speak to God in this newfound enlargement of heart, illustrating what it means to be expansive in spirit—that is, to have God poured into the heart, leading to an intimate dialogue with Him. This can rightly be interpreted as the voice of one who has put faith in Christ, having received illumination; however, in reference to the Lord Himself, who was embraced by the Wisdom of God, it appears incongruous. For Such never abandoned Him. But just as His own plea against suffering reflects our fragility, the same Lord may describe a sudden expansion of heart for His faithful, whom He embodies when He says, ‘I was hungry, and you gave Me no food; I was thirsty, and you gave Me no drink’ (Matthew 25:42), and so forth. Likewise, He can declare, You have enlarged me, as one of His least ones, engaged in communion with God, whose love He has bestowed in our hearts through the Holy Spirit given to us (Rom. 5:5). Have mercy on me and hear my prayer. Why does he again implore, having already affirmed that he has been heard and enlarged? Is it for our understanding, as it is said, But if we hope for what we do not see, we wait patiently (Rom. 8:25)? Or so that those who believe in what they have begun may find their fulfillment?

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

When I cried out, the God who upholds my righteousness responded to me, just as it is written: and when I called once more, He replied, ‘I am here.’ In times of distress, You have expanded my horizons. He has not only extracted me from tight situations, but He has also enabled me to experience great relief. Siba and Beersheba provided David with an abundance of provisions and garments while he was on the run from Absalom, taking refuge in the wilderness and mountains, similar to the three young men in the fiery furnace and Daniel in the lions’ den. Understanding the reasons behind our trials and temptations allows us to truly broaden our perspective. However, the term ‘breadth’ can also be interpreted differently. Show me mercy, and answer my prayer. Since it is noted that he was heard due to his righteousness, he confidently relies on the generosity of God.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

When I call, the God of my righteousness will hear me. This reveals the attentiveness of the Almighty regarding humanity's plight and His responsiveness to those who genuinely seek Him. As soon as I presented my prayer, I quickly received the answer I desired. The term “my righteousness” is employed by the Prophet in place of “my just petition,” for it would not have been unusual for David to affirm his own integrity and virtue. Moreover, these words resonate with God's declaration through Isaiah: “Then shalt thou call, and I will hear thee: and I will say unto thee again, saying, Behold, I come” (Isaiah 58:9). While the sovereign Lord allows His saints to endure trials and tribulations, He ultimately bestows glory upon the faithful and provides comfort during their times of testing.

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This is the lesson imparted by the great David, who recognized God's support and solace amid his afflictions. Likewise, the apostle Paul, speaking through the God of all people, states: “My grace aboundeth unto thee: for My strength is made perfect in weakness” (2 Cor. 12:9). “Have mercy on me, and hear my prayer.” The righteous individual does not tire of prayer; rather, in their moments of need, they remain steadfast in petitioning, knowing the abundant goodness that prayer brings forth.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

When I call out, the God of my righteousness responds to me. Notice the immediacy: he calls out and is already acknowledged. As articulated in another passage, "I still speak unto you, saying, Behold, I am come" (Isaiah 58:9). It is not mere abundance of words that draws the Lord close to us, but rather the sincere intention of the soul that prays. The phrase "The God of my righteousness" serves as a means to express "God is my righteousness," reflecting my suffering, which arises solely from Absalom's wrongdoing, as I have not wronged him. Similarly, the prophet often refers to himself with terms such as righteous and holy, not out of arrogance, but to contrast himself with the wickedness of his enemies.

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In anguish, you have enveloped me; joy, on the other hand, allows the spirit to flourish, whereas sorrow constricts it. However, the situation for me is different, declares the prophet; in my sorrow, you, O God, have made me more generous, to the point that I even commanded mercy for the one who killed his father—the son. Have mercy on me and hear my prayer. The prophet continues to beseech God for compassion and requests that if he finds himself under temptation again, the Lord should not disregard the plea he made at that time.

Asterius of Amaseia

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord granted the psalmist a sense of spaciousness in two significant ways: first, by responding to his prayer, and second, by doing so promptly. To not only receive a hearing, but to receive that attention swiftly, embodies a profound favor, which the psalmist describes as spaciousness. In times of trouble, You have bestowed upon me this spaciousness. An unexpected calm suddenly halts the torrent of despair; the raging sea transforms into still waters; tempests and gales become gentle mist; adversaries turn into allies, and those who petition begin to offer praise. In my distress, You have opened up a place for me. I will no longer speak like a child, for God's provision, akin to a mother, nourishes me. In my hardship, You have granted me this room. When I was in need of sustenance, He replenished me with grain, wine, and oil, so that not only I but all those with me may partake in its bounty.

Tichon of Zadonsk

18th centuryChurch Father

“Have mercy on me and hear my prayer” (God). Let us reflect on this verse (Psalm 4:2) and learn how to pray following the example of the holy prophet. First, a prayer is only received when God responds in compassion. David begins by pleading for God’s mercy, asking that his prayer be acknowledged: “Have mercy on me and hear my prayer,” expressing his own destitution while seeking God's pity to hear him. In another psalm, he echoes this plea: “Have mercy on me, O God, according to Thy great mercy, and according to the multitude of Thy bounties cleanse my iniquity” (Psalm 50:3). Here too, he prioritizes a request for immense mercy from God before seeking the cleansing of his sins.

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Secondly, we are instructed by his example on how to engage in prayer; we must recognize our spiritual poverty before God, humbling ourselves to His mercy. In our prayers, we should not rely on our own righteousness or achievements, but on His grace, as the prophet Daniel expressed: “We cast our prayers before You, trusting not in our righteousness, but in Your great mercy, O Lord” (Dan. 9:18). Thus, if we desire God to listen to our supplications, we should acknowledge our neediness and present before Him His abundant kindness, as stated, “Remember Thy bounties, O Lord, and Thy mercies, for they are everlasting” (Ps. 24:6).

The Pharisee, who listed his accomplishments and virtues before God, prayed without effect, while the tax collector, who admitted his shortcomings and relied solely on divine mercy, prayed sincerely and was justified; “this one went to his house justified more than the other. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” (Luke 18:14). Let us also follow the example of this righteous man, and our prayers shall reach the ears of the Lord, to whom I commend both myself and you. Be saved.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

Grief creates discomfort within the soul, while joy dispels it; thus, when one calls upon God in their sorrow, that sorrow transforms into joy, alleviating rather than amplifying discomfort. What causes this transformation? It is the outpouring of divine grace, which works in the heart of the sorrowful, affirming the truth: I am with him in his affliction (Psalm 90:15). Consequently, the Apostle Paul expresses, I am overflowing with joy in all our tribulation (2 Corinthians 7:4). Having experienced this himself, the prophet announces: When I called, the God of my righteousness answered me; in my distress, You enlarged me. He indicates that in his time of trouble, when he cried out to God, the Divine Witness of his integrity, the Source of human justification, acknowledged his plea.

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It is evident that God, having filled his heart with the gift of His grace, has miraculously transformed the shadows of sorrow into a realm of joy. Have mercy on me and hear my prayer. The prophet seeks the continuation of grace, implying: Lord, let Your mercy be with me always, and listen to me continually, as You have thus far. The pious individual understood that one living in this rebellious world faces constant dangers, which can only be overcome through the prior and ongoing mercy of God.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

For anyone seeking to obtain their desires from God, it is essential to approach Him with a contrite heart, much like a tax collector in prayer rather than a Pharisee. Genuine sorrow for one's sins brings a certain heaviness, yet within that heaviness lies liberation, as true repentance leads to the release from transgressions. The presence of God can also be felt in times of trouble, as seen with the three young men in the furnace, Daniel in the lions' den, and many other holy martyrs. Any good accomplished is solely by the grace of God, for without His grace, human prayers fall short in achieving righteousness.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.