Psalm 56 (55):2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Holy individuals who endure trials from those estranged from the saints should pay attention to this psalm, strive to comprehend its meaning for themselves, vocalize its sentiments, and persevere through the experiences it describes. Let no one mistake personal hostility when encountering the words of this psalm. Recognize that our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against rulers, authorities, and wicked spirits, as stated in Ephesians 6:12, that is, against the adversary and his fallen angels. Even as we bear the burdens of those who afflict us, it is he who stirs and incites, utilizing his instruments to agitate. Therefore, let us remain aware of the twofold enemy: the one visible to us, humanity, and the unseen foe, the devil.

Show compassion to me, O God, for humanity has oppressed me. This phrase may be uttered by David in reference to Saul or by a saint enduring worldly tribulations. Frequently, our fallen nature also encounters this arduous struggle, continuously assaulted and overwhelmed by Satan throughout the day. Although the Psalm refers to man, it signifies Satan himself (who is frequently identified as man in the sacred Scriptures) or any of those engaged in battle against him. It is also fitting to express this on behalf of the Gentiles, who for a considerable time were led astray by Satan and suffered at the hands of demons. David makes this understanding clearer in the subsequent verses.

As I face opposition from various foes, wrestling with challenges and feeling overwhelmed, I patiently long for Your incarnate presence, O Lord.

Show compassion for me, O God, for humanity has oppressed me. Here, "oppressed" conveys the notion of being crushed; when this is expressed regarding the captive people of Babylon, it refers to the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar as a representative of humanity. Conversely, when articulated from the perspective of those ensnared in sin, the adversary is likened to a man, as sacred scripture, particularly in Isaiah (Isaiah 31:3), frequently designates him in reference to the sinful nature and pride of the devil. Similarly, the Lord refers to the devil as the adversary of humanity in the parable of the weeds, for it is the adversary who has sown them (Matt. 13:28).

The prophet opens the psalm with a heartfelt plea for God's mercy. He speaks of Saul and several other adversaries, highlighting the unjust tribulations he endured. In his attempts to escape their oppression, he found himself ensnared in further anguish caused by strangers, from whom he struggled to break free. Ultimately, he was forced to seek shelter in a cave, living as an outcast and a beggar. He referred to Saul as merely a man, drawing a distinction between humanity and the divine, suggesting, "To You, O God, I turn, for Your compassion is upon me while mankind oppresses me. I lift my gaze to the heavens, feeling scorned on this earth. I call upon the Lord, as my fellow servants and slaves not only harm me now but have harbored resentment against me for a long time, providing me no respite."

This psalm must be sung in honor of Christ, who fulfills the law, and to celebrate His boundless divine glory. It serves as a reminder for those exiles from Saul and David, those held captive in Babylon, and for all who, in this earthly existence, find themselves distanced from the sanctity of Jerusalem and the heavenly abode. Inspired by the Holy Spirit, this psalm holds such profound significance that it deserves to be etched on a pillar or engraved upon the heart for everlasting remembrance, in recognition of God's infinite mercy towards humanity. The inscription on the Pillar of the Cross also resonates with this idea. It speaks to those who have become estranged from God by transgressing His sacred commandments. This psalm should be cherished as a lasting tribute to the incomprehensible humanity of God. Throughout the day of Christ's Passion, the hosts of the Jews vehemently denounced Him.