The Church Fathers on this verse

Zephaniah 1:11Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Howl, ye inhabitants of the Morter. All the people of Chanaan is hush, all are cut off that were wrapped up in silver.

Douay-Rheims

הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הַמַּכְתֵּ֑שׁ כִּ֤י נִדְמָה֙ כָּל־עַ֣ם כְּנַ֔עַן נִכְרְת֖וּ כָּל־נְטִ֥ילֵי כָֽסֶף׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

3 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

Through these statements, it is made clear that the sword of Babylon will not spare anyone, leading to the complete devastation of Judah. He instructed those who survived in Jerusalem and could escape to grieve for Judah as if it were laid waste, and for their once-glorious city, now battered, because the inhabitants had envied the customs of the Canaanites and sought to imitate their ways, striving to be equal, if not superior, to them. Yet these Canaanites, foreigners, were steeped in wickedness, disdainful of God, and heavily entrenched in shameful practices.

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Hence, in Holy Scripture, there are scathing rebukes directed at them: "the tribe of Canaan, and not of Judah." Furthermore, it is highlighted that their wealth would offer no real benefit, serving only as a feeble and fleeting support, as evidenced by the proverb, "they that are great in silver are consumed." This signifies that such individuals often possess an inflated sense of self-worth due to their riches, leading to mockery. Their greed, which they allowed to consume them, resulted in a situation where, as noted, "they filled the house of God with their wickedness and flattery." Thus, riches are rightly portrayed as powerless and ineffective in offering salvation. Indeed, "the treasure of the wicked shall not avail, but the truth shall deliver from death," and it is far better to possess a modest share along with the fear of the Lord than to have an abundance of wealth coupled with evil.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

The term pila, in Hebrew expressed as machthes (מכתש) and rendered by Aquila as εἰς τόν ὄλμον, should not be interpreted with a short initial syllable. Instead, it must be pronounced with an elongated syllable to indicate an object used for pounding fat, one that is hollow and suitable for medicinal purposes, primarily for crushing barley. Some may claim they comprehend the meaning of pila but question its relevance in this context. As the description of the besieged city initiates with the lamentation, "A terrible cry from the fish gate, and weeping from the second gate, and great distress from the hills," it maintains a gradual order of revelation. We also see the lament of those dwelling in the valley of Siloe.

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Notably, the Scripture does not mention "ye that dwell in the valley" or "in the hut," but rather "in the throng," symbolizing how the populace is compressed similarly to how grains are compacted together by a wooden pestle. The army is prophesied to rush upon you from the fish gate, the second gate, and the hills’ edge.

The people of Judah are allegorically referred to as the people of Canaan. As stated in Daniel, "The seed of Canaan, and not of Judah" (Dan. 13:56), and again in Ezekiel: "Thy father is an Amorite, and thy mother a Hittite" (Ezek. 16:3). In another scripture, it is written, "Canaan, in thy hand are wrong scales" (Hos. 12:7). If we aim to unveil the profound significance of these references, it reveals that mourning and lamentation arise from those steeped in the deepest stains of sin, who find themselves engulfed in the weight of their transgressions, echoing the sentiment, "I am sunk in deep filth, and there is no support for me" (Psalms 68:3). Therefore, it is added, "Ye inhabitants of a country that is trodden down," reflecting either a soul burdened by many wrongs or a Church fragmented by heresies and divisions, mourning for her fallen offspring.

Furthermore, the phrase regarding the silence or resemblance of the people of Canaan signifies that on the day of judgment, their slander will be silenced, extinguishing their boastful words and proud tongues. Since Jerusalem has sinned and incited divine wrath, it is termed Canaan, which signifies indignation. It is unable to assert, "I have set my feet upon a rock" (Psalm 39:3) but remains unstable, like water. Thus, when Noah awoke from his slumber, he cursed Canaan, declaring, "Cursed is Canaan the young man; he shall be the slave of his brothers" (Gen. 9:25). Sinners are not only likened to Canaan, but depending on the nature and severity of their sins, one may be likened to Pharaoh and another to the giant Nimrod. Conversely, individuals noted for virtuous deeds may embody the spirit of Abraham, Moses, or Elijah, leading the Apostle to exhort, "Let us zealously seek the best gifts" (1 Corinthians 12:31). The truly perfect person, achieving the highest degree of human possibility, bears the image of God.

All who find their identity wrapped in silver will be eradicated. The LXX states, "Destroyed are all those who are magnified with silver." Those who trust in their wealth, believing themselves protected by their riches, or, as the LXX suggests, those exalted by pride who scorn the needy, will face destruction on the day of divine judgment. It is noteworthy that it does not merely state, "Those who were exalted with silver shall perish," but highlights that even before the day of reckoning arrives, their pride causes them to fall and perish already, caught in a cycle of reliance on riches. Therefore, one who grasps this understanding will lose the desire for such illusory wealth that not only perishes but has already led the proud to ruin. The scripture also indicates that it is not just those exalted by wealth who will face ruin; the same applies to those who boast of noble lineage, earthly accolades, or display haughtiness or power. Those indulging in vanity and vanity's pursuits, preening as one might expect of women, will similarly face judgment.

However, for those desiring true exaltation through holy pride, they should rejoice alongside the apostles, embracing the honor of suffering for the name of Jesus Christ, echoing the apostle's joy in tribulations, knowing that "tribulation produces patience, and patience produces hope, and hope does not deceive" (Romans 5:3-5).

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

The Prophet refers to Jerusalem as a city that has faced devastation due to the disaster that struck it, urging that it be mourned for its abandonment by its people. He named it the place of the slain, highlighting the tragedy that came upon it, and called for a lamentation, as the inhabitants had become desolate.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.