The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Kingdoms (2 Samuel) 23:3Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The God of Israel said to me, the strong one of Israel spoke, the ruler of men, the just ruler in the fear of God.

Douay-Rheims

אָמַר֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִ֥י דִבֶּ֖ר צ֣וּר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מוֹשֵׁל֙ בָּאָדָ֔ם צַדִּ֕יק מוֹשֵׁ֖ל יִרְאַ֥ת אֱלֹהִֽים׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

If the one who communicated through the mouths of the prophets is indeed God, and the Holy Spirit spoke through these prophets, as David mentions in the book of Samuel, "The Spirit of the Lord speaks in me, and his word is on my tongue," then it follows that the Holy Spirit, who inspired the prophets, is likewise God and Lord. This is clearly evidenced in the teaching of the Apostle, who, in his letter to the Corinthians, indicates the presence of the Holy Spirit in prophetic utterances, stating: "But when all prophesy, and one enters who is unbelieving or ignorant, he is reproved by all, and judged by all. And thus the secrets of his heart are revealed, and he will fall down and worship God and say, 'Truly God is with you'" (1 Cor. 14:24-25). Do you see how unequivocally the teacher of righteousness affirms that the Spirit operating in those who prophesy is God?

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The foundation of wisdom lies in revering the Lord. A person is deemed wise when they hold a deep respect for God. Those who honor the Lord diligently observe His commandments, carry out His will flawlessly, and fulfill every one of His words. Therefore, cultivate reverence for God, cherish understanding and wisdom, and welcome them into your life, and you shall be adorned with the crown of eternal life. The reverence for God stands as the pinnacle of all knowledge; where it is absent, goodness will not be found. The path of the Lord is the foremost way; it is the path of the wise. Conversely, those who stray from this path find themselves engulfed in extraordinary troubles. The wise remain steadfast in the teachings of God, recognizing them as the source of countless blessings.

Read more (71 words)

Embrace the fear of God and continually journey along His path, and you will discover the ways of life that lead you to the heavenly realm. A servant who reveres the Lord and fulfills His will shall be granted authority within His kingdom and appointed as His steward. Those who honor God and adhere to all His commandments will receive dominion over all His treasures, along with the abundance He offers.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Since the Jewish people refuse to acknowledge David as a prophet, given his clear prophecies concerning our Savior and the faith of the Gentiles, let us consider his own words: ‘Faithful is David the son of Jesse, and faithful is the man whom the Lord hath raised up in Christ the God of Jacob, and the psalms of Israel are excellent. And the Spirit of the Lord hath spoken in me, and his word is upon my tongue. The God of Jacob speaketh in me’ (2 Kings 23:1-3). If the Spirit of the Lord indeed communicated through him and the God of Jacob chose to speak through him, it follows that he is a prophet—indeed, the foremost prophet—because God disclosed to him the hidden and profound aspects of His wisdom.

Nikanor (Kamenski)

19th centuryCommentator

David demonstrated a profound understanding of Nathan's prophecy concerning the Messiah (2 Sam. 7:12-13) through his death lament, where the essence of his heart's devotion was expressed through his divinely inspired words. In this song, he declared, ‘The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, and His Word is upon my tongue, saith the God of Israel, the Rock of Israel spake of me: he that ruleth over men shall be righteous, ruling in the fear of God. And as at the dawn of the morning, at the rising of the sun, in a cloudless sky, from the brightness after the rain, grass grows up out of the ground; is not this my house with God? For He has made an everlasting covenant with me, firm and sure.

Read more (504 words)

Is it not thus that all my salvation and all my desire come from Him?’ This song closely relates to the prophecy Nathan delivered, as it speaks of the enduring nature of David's lineage, particularly highlighting God's everlasting covenant made with it, often using similar wording. In this context, David received renewed insight regarding his descendant, who would govern people with righteousness and gentleness. This revelation appeared to comfort the dying David, who yearned for the kind of truth and peace embodied by the Promised One, as every king in Israel's theocratic tradition was expected to be. As David approached death, he recognized that his aspirations remained unfulfilled, and he had not fully realized his salvation. With his experience and wisdom, he did not anticipate that his immediate successor could achieve these holy aspirations for him. Instead, he looked far ahead toward the promise of a wonderfully just and gentle Sovereign over humanity, merging this vision with the eternal promises extended to him previously, along with all his desires and expectations. Who else but Jesus Christ embodies the ultimate king of righteousness, the Prince of Peace? He is the eternal Son of David and the Savior of all, rightly regarded as the everlasting representative of David's lineage, fulfilling all of David's righteous desires and hopes. In a richly poetic manner, David foresaw in his death lament the timing and nature of the Messiah's future advent, though he did not see it entirely clearly. This also indicated that the period of the greatest glory for David's house would not arrive quickly; it would come only after a protracted season of trials affecting the house of David, ultimately giving way to the dawn of a new morning, when ‘the brilliant radiance of the sun had already appeared in a clear cloudless sky.’ Following such transformations, the house of David would stand before God, just as grass emerges from the earth in sunshine; and then, at last, the time of complete salvation, the fulfillment of every hope would come. The ancient Jews recognized David's death lament as a prophecy regarding the Messiah, just as various Christian scholars have applied it to Jesus Christ. Thus, the historical narratives of the Old Testament reveal that the Messiah would not only arise from the tribe of Judah, but specifically from the house of David, as a compassionate and righteous king who would emerge quietly, bringing forth light and life. He would share an intimate communion with God and establish an everlasting covenant with Him on behalf of all. These predictions made it clear that a complete relationship with God would be realized through kings who embodied the true essence of a theocratic kingdom. Throughout different periods, such as the high priestly era, the concept of the Suffering Messiah was primarily highlighted, and later under the prophets, the role of the Illuminating Messiah was emphasized. However, during David’s glorious reign, the Messianic traits predominantly focused on kingship. While these royal attributes were not particularly numerous, they held significant weight and importance.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.