The Church Fathers on this verse

2 Kingdoms (2 Samuel) 23:2Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

The spirit of the Lord hath spoken by me and his word by my tongue.

Douay-Rheims

ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֶּר־בִּ֑י וּמִלָּת֖וֹ עַל־לְשׁוֹנִֽי׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

5 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

If the one who communicated through the prophets is indeed God, and the Holy Spirit spoke through them, as David affirms in the book of Samuel, “The Spirit of the Lord speaks in me, and his word is on my tongue,” then it follows that the Holy Spirit who spoke through the prophets is God and Lord. This provides a clear affirmation of this truth. The Apostle, in his letter to the Corinthians, highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in prophetic utterance when he writes, “But when all prophesy, and one enters who is unbelieving or ignorant, he is reproved by all, and judged by all. And thus the secrets of his heart are revealed, and he will fall down and worship God and say, ‘Truly God is with you’” (1 Cor. 14:24-25). Do you notice how unmistakably the instructor of righteousness has declared that the Spirit operating in those who prophesy is indeed God?

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

Since the Jewish people refuse to acknowledge David as a prophet, despite his clear prophecies concerning our Savior and the faith of the Gentiles, let them consider his own words: ‘Faithful is David the son of Jesse, and faithful is the man whom the Lord hath raised up in Christ the God of Jacob, and the psalms of Israel are excellent. And the Spirit of the Lord hath spoken in me, and his word is upon my tongue. The God of Jacob speaketh in me’ (2 Kings 23:1-3). If the Spirit of the Lord indeed inspired him and the God of Jacob wished to communicate through him, then he is undoubtedly a prophet, and indeed the foremost among them, as God disclosed to him the profound and concealed aspects of His divine wisdom.

Cyrill of Jerusalem

4th centuryChurch Father

During the time of Moses, the Holy Spirit was imparted through consecration. Similarly, Peter also conveys the Holy Spirit through this same practice. Grace will descend upon you during baptism, though the manner of this grace remains a mystery at this moment. The scriptures in the books of Kings clearly illustrate how both Samuel and David were inspired by the Holy Spirit and served as leaders among the prophets. Samuel was referred to as a seer (See 1 Samuel 9:9), while David acknowledged, "The Spirit of the Lord hath spoken in me," and in the Psalms, he implores, "Thy Holy Spirit take not away from me" (Psalms 50:13), and elsewhere he prays, "Thy good Spirit lead me into the land of righteousness" (Psalms 142:10).

Theophan the Recluse

19th centuryChurch Father

Listen, all who possess ears for understanding and embrace a childlike faith. You, who have become children of God through the sacred act of baptism, are blessed to be called sons of light, as noted by St. Basil the Great. The Prophet does not have his own teachings; rather, it is the teachings of the Holy Spirit. The Spirit of the Almighty, who brings about our rebirth into divine sonship, utters wisdom through the Prophet, who declared: The Spirit of the Lord speaks in me, and His word is on my tongue.

Nikanor (Kamenski)

19th centuryCommentator

David expressed a profound understanding of Nathan’s prophecy concerning the Messiah in his death song, where the essence of his heart and spirit was fervently laid bare. He proclaimed, “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, and His Word is upon my tongue, saith the God of Israel; the Rock of Israel spake of me: he that ruleth over men shall be righteous, ruling in the fear of God. And as at the dawn of the morning, at the rising of the sun, in a cloudless sky, from the brightness after the rain, grass grows up out of the ground; is not this my house with God? For He has made an everlasting covenant with me, firm and sure.

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Is it not thus that all my salvation and all my desire come from Him?” This song clearly relates to the prophecy delivered by Nathan, emphasizing the enduring nature of David's house and God’s everlasting covenant with it, often echoing similar language. Here, a fresh revelation was granted to David regarding his descendants, who would reign over humanity with justice and humility. This revelation served to comfort David in his final moments, as he aspired to embody the truth and peace that the Promised One was destined to represent, the standard every sovereign of Israel should strive to uphold. However, as David approached death, he recognized that his aspirations had not been realized and that he had not attained complete salvation. Having learned from his experiences, he did not anticipate that his closest successor would fulfill all his holy hopes and dreams. Thus, with insight, he glimpsed a future promising a righteous and gentle King of all men, linking this vision to the eternal promises previously made to him along with all his desires and aspirations. Only Jesus Christ, the ultimate King of Righteousness and the Prince of Peace, could truly embody the eternal representative of David's house and fulfill all of David’s devout yearnings. In a beautifully poetic manner, David envisioned both the time and nature of the Messiah’s coming, albeit not with perfect clarity. It became evident that this period, a time of supreme glory for the house of David, would not transpire immediately, but rather after enduring a prolonged season, after a significant period of trials, when the dawn, like a brilliant sun, would finally shine within a clear sky. It is only after these transformative events that the house of David will present itself before God, akin to grass sprouting from the earth in sunlight, leading to the fruition of complete salvation, the realization of all hopes. David’s death song was recognized as a prophetic declaration regarding the Messiah by ancient Jewish scholars, and it continues to be related to Jesus Christ by various Christian theologians, including many contemporary German scholars. According to the historical texts of the Old Testament, it was revealed during David's era that the Messiah would arise from not only the tribe of Judah, but specifically from the house of David, heralding a righteous and gentle reign, emerging quietly while illuminating the way with life and light. He would enjoy an intimate relationship with God and establish an everlasting covenant on behalf of all. Simultaneously, these prophecies indicated that a true connection with the Almighty would be possible at certain times through the kings whose reigns embodied the essence of a theocratic kingdom. In earlier periods such as the high priestly era, the focus was primarily on the Suffering Messiah, while later, under the prophets, attention shifted to the Illuminating Messiah; during the majestic reign of David, predominantly royal traits of the Messiah were revealed. Although these characteristics were not expansive, they were significant and foundational.

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Passages read together with this verse.