The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 32:35Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

Revenge is mine, and I will repay them in due time, that their foot may slide: the day of destruction is at hand, and the time makes haste to come.

Douay-Rheims

לִ֤י נָקָם֙ וְשִׁלֵּ֔ם לְעֵ֖ת תָּמ֣וּט רַגְלָ֑ם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם אֵידָ֔ם וְחָ֖שׁ עֲתִדֹ֥ת לָֽמוֹ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

The sacred prophets and apostles predicted that terrifying day and hour. From one end of creation to the other, the Holy Scriptures proclaim and testify everywhere, urging everyone: "Behold, brethren, take heed, watch, be sober, pray, be merciful, be prepared, for ye know not the day nor the hour, in which the Son of Man cometh" (Matthew 25:13). Consequently, all righteous individuals, as I have mentioned, lament with grief and tears, recognizing the urgency of that day. The prophet speaks on behalf of the Lord, declaring, "In the day of vengeance I will repay... and there shall no one escape from my hand."

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

In the Old Testament, it is stated: "I have vengeance and recompense." In the Gospel, it is declared that you should pray for those who wrong you (See Matthew 5:44), so that the one who has promised retribution may not take action against them, as He desires to free your will from that which He governs through His promise. If you seek vengeance, it is already yours, for a wicked person suffers more from their own wrongdoing than from the harshness of judgment.

Hippolytus of Rome

2nd centuryChurch Father

Similarly, Moses, realizing that the people would desire to reject the true Redeemer of the world and go astray by opting for an earthly ruler instead of a heavenly one, proclaimed, “Are not all these things gathered together unto me, and sealed up in my treasures? In the day of vengeance I will repay them, in the time when their foot shall be tempted.” Thus, in every aspect, they (the Israelites) faltered, being entirely out of step with the truth: they transgressed the law and thus became its violators; they rejected the prophets, as they put them to death; they turned against the message of the gospel by crucifying the Saviour Himself; and they disbelieved the apostles, who faced persecution.

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They consistently acted as wrongdoers and traitors to the truth, displaying animosity towards God rather than devotion. At that time, seizing the moment, they will seek retribution from the man of death (Antichrist), rising against the servants of God. In his rage against these, he will issue edicts against the saints, seeking to slay all who refuse to honor and worship him as God.

Marcus the Ascetic

4th centuryChurch Father

It is God's directive that we do not bring those who have wronged us to judgment. How can those who adhere to this command act outside the law when it is written by the prophet, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord" (Deut. 32:35)? Moreover, Christ teaches in the Gospel, "Judge not, and ye shall not be judged: condemn not, and ye shall not be condemned: forgive, and ye shall be forgiven" (Lk. 6:37). The Apostle instructs us, "Judge nothing before the time" (1 Cor. 4:5) and also states, "Avenge not yourselves," and further, "Who art thou that judgest another man's servant?" (Rom. 12:19; Rom. 14:4)? In light of this, who has the authority to enact more just laws?

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Who, believing themselves blameless, seeks to judge others prematurely and accuses those striving to fulfill God’s law of wrongdoing, while labeling their kindly actions as evil?

In response, a learned scholar queried: "Do authorities err when they punish offenders and render justice to those who have been wronged?" The elder replied: "It is not the judges who err, but those who submit offenders to them without first bringing them before God. They sin in two ways: firstly, everything that happens to them is allowed for their own sins and aims to lead them to repentance, rather than vengeance. Secondly, even if they have been wronged unjustly, they must still forgive their offenders, remembering the Lord’s words: 'Forgive, and you will be forgiven,' and they should not seek revenge through others, thus leaving their wrongs unforgiven. Princes,” as the Apostle says, “are not a terror to good works, but to the evil” (Rom. 13:3). For they do not compel the righteous to accuse those who have offended them, nor do they chide the wronged for not engaging in litigation; instead, they cater only to those who crave retribution. Those who endure wrongs for God's sake are esteemed and regarded with wisdom. Just as judges do not involve those who do not desire judgment, those who exact vengeance on the wronged are not at fault. Therefore, it is essential for you, wise one, to seek, beyond earthly laws and knowledge, the spiritual law, to embrace acts of piety, and to endure all hardships as your own. For without this, no one can attain true wisdom.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.