The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 34:6Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And he buried him in the valley of the land of Moab over against Phogor: and no man hath known of his sepulchre until this present day.

Douay-Rheims

וַיִּקְבֹּ֨ר אֹת֤וֹ בַגַּיְ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב מ֖וּל בֵּ֣ית פְּע֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֥ע אִישׁ֙ אֶת־קְבֻ֣רָת֔וֹ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

9 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 11 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

Joshua led the Israelites into the land promised to them, just as Jesus Christ guides us into eternal life. It was not the law or Moses that accomplished this, as they remained on the outside; the law cannot bring us there, only grace can. Do you recognize how these foreshadowings were predetermined from the beginning?

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After enduring numerous trials and misfortunes, following four decades of diligent guidance for the people, they were denied entry into the land that had been foretold and promised. What was the cause of this? Allowing Moses to enter the promised land would serve no purpose and would instead cause significant harm, presenting a temptation to many of the Israelites. If, after their liberation from Egypt, they turned away from God and placed all their hopes on Moses (Ex. 32:1), how much more corrupt would they become upon witnessing him leading them into the promised land? This is why the location of his burial remained undisclosed.

Gregory of Nyssa

4th centuryChurch Father

The lawgiver, having ascended a lofty mountain and gazed from a distance upon the land that God had promised to the ancestors for the Israelites, departed from earthly existence, leaving no tangible mark on the land nor memory in the tombs of his journey. Time did not mar his attractiveness, dim the brilliance of his eyes, nor lessen the grace that radiated from his countenance; he remained constant, exhibiting an enduring beauty alongside the mutability of nature. This is what we have gleaned from the life of this remarkable man, and we have recounted it briefly, though we have had occasions to elaborate more extensively on other matters.

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Now, it is appropriate that we apply the life we have recalled to the objective of our discourse, so that our prior reflections may contribute towards an understanding of a virtuous life. Thus, let us return to the beginning of the story of Moses.

However, I believe those who have presented the entirety of Moses' life as a paradigm for virtue need not lengthen their account. For the individual who strives for a noble life will find in this narrative rich encouragement towards true nobility, while one who is weary from virtuous endeavors will not benefit if he strives to elaborate beyond what has been articulated, unless he forgets the very essence of our message articulated in the introduction, which states that the perfect life is such that no description of excellence halts further progression in it; rather, the continual growth in the perfection of life is the pathway to ultimate fulfillment. In bringing to closure the tale of Moses' life, it is pertinent to solidify the truth of this principle of perfection offered to us. For one who ascends greater heights throughout life, always seeking higher aspirations—like an eagle soaring above the clouds—does not cease to seek even loftier goals. He was born at a time when it was deemed a crime for a Hebrew to be born among the Egyptians; the enforcer of the law punished his very existence. Yet, Moses defied this destructive law, first preserved by his parents and then by those enforcing the law itself. Those who were meant to condemn him instead ensured his survival and noble upbringing, immersing him in all wisdom.

Afterward, he positioned himself above human accolades, prioritizing the royal dignity, recognizing himself as more authoritative and regal than merely a royal attendant. He chose virtue over royal adornments, aiming to be elevated by its splendor. Subsequently, he intervened to save a fellow Hebrew and struck down an Egyptian, symbolizing the conflict between the adversary and ally of the soul. Thereafter, he imparted profound teachings, created silence, and enlightened minds with the divine illumination that emerged from the burning bush. He sought to share the blessings he received with his brethren. In doing so, he exhibited profound strength, delivering various plagues upon their foes while benefitting his people. He guided the multitude across the sea on foot, relying not on ships but on the faith of the Israelites for their voyage. He opened the depths of the sea for the Hebrews while the waters served as a barrier for their enemies. Moses also sang a song of triumph, became a guiding pillar illuminated by heavenly fire, feasted on divine provisions, quenched his thirst from a rock, raised his hands to vanquish the Amalekites, ascended the mountain, heard the trumpet's call, ventured into darkness, approached God’s nature, resided in the exalted tabernacle, elevated the priesthood, structured the tabernacle, and reformed life through divine laws, ultimately excelling in military endeavors.

Upon completing his noble deeds, he brought judgment against immorality through the priesthood, as evidenced by Phinehas’ zealous act against sinful passion. Conclusively, he ascended the mountain of rest, not returning to the earthly realm, where, as promised, the people gazed, longing for earthly fulfillment. He consumed no earthly sustenance, fixated instead on the celestial nourishment, while he remained atop the mountain, akin to a master sculptor, transforming into a perfect life, carefully attaching not an end but rather the crown of his life's work. History records, "And Moses the servant of the Lord died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord; Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died; but his sight was not dimmed, nor his vigor diminished." Through this, we understand that for all his virtues, he is honored with the esteemed title of servant of God, implying his unparalleled perfection among mankind. For no individual can serve God unless they have attained the highest form of perfection. With Moses, the culmination of a virtuous life fulfilled by God’s command is articulated. History describes it as a death that is truly living, devoid of burial, without a grave, without the dimming of sight or the loss of radiant features.

Thus, what insights can we derive from the above discourse? The ultimate aim in life is to be acknowledged as a servant of God based on our earthly deeds. When you have triumphed over all adversaries—the Egyptians, Amalekites, Idumeans, and Midianites—you will cross the waters, be illuminated by the cloud, partake in the tree, drink from the rock, and feast upon heavenly blessings. Purity and innocence will pave your ascent to the mountain, where, amid the sound of trumpets, you will approach God in faith, beyond the limits of sight. There, you will be schooled in the ordinances of the tabernacle and trained in the priesthood. As you fashion the stone of your heart, may God's words be inscribed upon it. When you shatter the golden idol—symbolic of vanquishing all greed and covetous desires—you will become impervious to the sorcery of Balaam, understanding that such sorcery represents the various temptations of life that can lead people away from their true nature, rendering them speechless.

When these victories are achieved, and the rod of priesthood blossoms within you, it will draw sustenance not from earthly sources, but from within, bearing fruit similar to that of a nut, where initial bitterness gives way to sweetness, when all rebellion against your dignity is eradicated, for instance, as Korah is consumed by fire or Dathan by the earth. You will then near your completion; I refer to completion as the reason for all endeavors—just as the end goal of farming is to harvest produce, the objective of constructing a house is to dwell within, the aim of trade is to acquire wealth, and the culmination of ascetic pursuits is a crown—so is the high life ultimately realized in being called a servant of God, which signifies a life devoid of the burdens of sin.

And his conclusion, as narrated, transcended life itself; upon reaching the summit of the mountain, he left no imprint or memory of earthly sorrow, and his countenance, though subject to the changes of nature, retained its eternal beauty.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

It is time to embrace the virtue of Christ's purity. The Scriptures note that Moses had a wife, and he is acknowledged by our Lord and the Apostle as a figure of the Law—Moses and the prophets (Luke 16:29). Sin and death reigned from Adam until Moses, affecting even those who did not transgress in Adam's manner (Romans 5:14), leaving no doubt that Moses is representative of the Law. Therefore, when we read that Moses, signifying the Law, had a wife, I challenge anyone to demonstrate that Joshua had a wife or children. If you succeed, I will concede my argument.

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When the land was divided among the Israelites, Joshua received a truly prominent portion, not in the number twenty—an unfavorably depicted figure in Scripture, associated with Jacob's servitude and Joseph's betrayal—nor in the number loved by Esau, who benefitted from gifts associated with it, but he was buried in the number ten, which has often been praised. This signifies the new covenant and represents the multitude of virgins sheltered by the Savior in Mount Ephraim, the fruitful mountain, protected from the harsh northern winds of Mount Gaas, symbolizing movement. Mount Zion stands as the northern stronghold, where the might of the great King always opposes evil; after enduring trials, it declares, My feet in little shall not be moved (Psalms 72:2).

In the burial of Jesus, the narrative bearing His name reaches its conclusion, yet in the book of Judges, He is depicted as alive and risen again, and our attention is drawn to His deeds. It is recorded: Jesus allowed the people to depart, and the children of Israel went to their inheritance, possessing the land, and “the people served the Lord all the days of Jesus,” and thereafter it is mentioned: And Jesus the son of Naveen died, the servant of the Lord, aged one hundred and ten years (Hab. 24:29). Moreover, Moses merely glimpsed the Promised Land but did not enter it and passed away in Moab, where the Lord buried him in a valley opposing the house of Phogor; to this day, his grave remains unknown.

Let us scrutinize the burials of both figures. Moses died in Moab, while Jesus passed away in Jewish territory. He was interred in a valley across from a house tied to reproach (as Phogor is referred to as Priapus in Hebrew), while Jesus lay in Mount Ephraim, adjacent to Mount Gaas (Hab. 24:30). The divine scriptures often conceal deeper meanings within their plain language. For the Jews, having children was considered a sign of honor—“cursed is the barren woman who does not bear children in Israel, and blessed is the one whose descendants reside in Zion and whose family is in Jerusalem”—and the highest blessing is illustrated with “Thy wife is as a fruitful vine in the confines of thy home; thy sons as new shoots of oil surrounding thy table” (Psalms. 127:3). Thus, Moses' burial is depicted in a valley across from the idol's house, a place associated with sensual pleasures. Meanwhile, we, who strive under the guidance of Jesus, remain unaware of Moses' burial site to this day because we scorn Phogoras and all of his taunts, recognizing that those who dwell in the flesh cannot please God. The Lord proclaimed even before the flood: My Spirit will not contend with these humans, for they are flesh (Genesis 6:3). This distinguishes the mourning for Moses by the Israelites at his death, while Jesus, who embodies life, is not mourned, for earthly unions end with death, and the crown of virginity begins at the moment of passing.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

The account of his passing does not mirror that of others who succumbed to weakness; instead, it aligns with the divine decree. God Himself is beyond frailty, lacking in any decrease or increase. Thus, the Scriptures remind us that to this day, the location of his burial remains unknown, highlighting that his death can be understood as a transition, for death signifies a separation of the soul from the body. Consequently, while he died in accordance with God's word, as recorded in Scripture, it is essential to grasp that this is not merely an announcement of demise, but rather an extension of grace; he was carried away instead of abandoned, and his resting place remains secret.

It is therefore stated that, unlike others, he did not simply rest through death. Instead, the account reveals that Moses died in accordance with the command of God (Deuteronomy 34:5), as God does not experience diminishment or gain. The Scripture further notes that no one is aware of his burial site to this day (Deuteronomy 34:6), leading us to view his death as a passage rather than an end, since death signifies the separation of the soul from the body. The text describes his demise as happening according to God’s command, which should not be interpreted merely as a report of death, but as a gracious revelation: he was elevated rather than abandoned, with no one able to identify where he was buried.

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Who could have witnessed the remains of one whom the Son of God presented alongside Himself in the Gospel? At that moment, Elijah was also observed, who was taken up in a chariot, and we find no record of his burial or death, because he who remains with the Son of God possesses eternal life. In contrast, Scripture recounts that Moses died, but it was at the decree of God, who is the source of all creation. By God’s command, the heavens were formed (Psalm 32:6), thus confirming that creation was upheld and not subjected to decay. Therefore, Moses did not experience bodily decay; rather, upon his return to the earth, the divine Word granted rest to his flesh rather than a grave.

He was rightly seen as highly esteemed above all others, to the extent that people refrained from gazing upon his visage or believing that his resting place could be located. He cherished the spirits of all, earning more affection for his humility than admiration for his actions.

Aphrahat (Jacob) the Wise

4th centuryChurch Father

The Lord demonstrated His goodness to Moses by concealing the location of his burial from the Israelites. This served two significant purposes: first, it brought joy to Moses, as his adversaries would be unaware of where he was laid to rest, preventing them from disturbing his remains; and second, it ensured that his own people would not discover the site, thus keeping his grave from becoming a place of veneration.

Epiphanius of Cyprus

4th centuryChurch Father

The existing tradition states that angels interred the body of St. Moses.

Paulinus of Nola

5th centuryChurch Father

Only to one intimate companion did God permit the burial in a concealed location, as such reverence was fitting for the body that emanated light from the closeness of His Word. Therefore, after completing his earthly responsibilities, he could find comfort in the knowledge that only God knows the site of his resting place.

Dimitri of Rostov

17th centuryChurch Father

The people of Israel, having departed from Egypt, arrived in the land of Moab, where the inhabitants were deeply entrenched in worldly pursuits and engaged in numerous abominations. It was in this place that the servant of God, Moses, passed away, and at God's command, he was laid to rest near the dwelling of Phagor, close to the idol of Phagor. This idol represented the god of carnal desires for the Moabites, and in his temple, unholy acts were committed, leading many Israelites astray. Consequently, the Lord directed that Moses' burial site be positioned near the temple of Phagor. This was intended as a warning to the Israelites, who might be lured by the allure of idolatry: "Listen, my people; do not enter the temple of Phagor nor engage in wickedness.

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Before you lies the coffin of your leader. You too shall soon face death, your body returning to dust and your desires to decay." This serves as a lesson for everyone. Consider this, dear friend: when you feel the pull of Phagor's temptations—the temptations of the flesh—imagine your grave and the coffin in which you will become dust and ashes. Such reflection will help you banish the wickedness of Phagor from your heart, for who can resist the power of the memory of death? Even those whose actions might resemble those of the devil himself can find transformation by keeping the reality of their mortality at the forefront of their minds.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

According to an Orthodox commentator on the Holy Scriptures, it is stated that Michael the Archangel attended to the burial of Moses; however, the devil objected, presenting a charge regarding the slaying of the Egyptian. He believed Moses to be culpable and thus undeserving of a dignified interment.

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Passages read together with this verse.