The Church Fathers on this verse

Deuteronomy 34:5Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And Moses the servant of the Lord died there, in the land of Moab, by the commandment of the Lord:

Douay-Rheims

וַיָּ֨מָת שָׁ֜ם מֹשֶׁ֧ה עֶֽבֶד־יְהוָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מוֹאָ֖ב עַל־פִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

4 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

(Joshua) guided the people of Israel into the promised land, just as Jesus Christ leads us into eternal life. It was neither the law nor Moses that achieved this, as they were both left outside; the law is unable to grant access, but grace is what ushers us in. Can you see how the foreshadowings were established from the very beginning?

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After enduring numerous trials and tribulations, and caring for the people over a span of forty years, they were prevented from entering the land that had been the subject of so many prophecies and promises. What was the reason for this? Allowing Moses to enter the promised land would not only serve no purpose, but could also inflict significant harm and become a source of temptation for many among the Israelites. If, during their escape from Egypt, they turned away from God and sought everything in Moses (Ex. 32: 1), attributing all their blessings to him, how much more wicked would they be upon witnessing that he had led them into the promised land? Thus, the location of his burial was kept a secret.

Gregory of Nyssa

4th centuryChurch Father

The lawgiver, after ascending a lofty mountain and surveying from a distance the land that was promised by God to the patriarchs for the Israelites, departed from earthly existence, leaving behind no earthly mark nor remembrance in the grave of his passage. Time did not tarnish his allure, dim the brightness of his eyes, or lessen the grace that radiated from his countenance; he remained unchanged, harmonizing the transience of nature with the constancy of beauty. This lesson we draw from the life of Moses, which we have summarized for you, while also needing to elaborate on various matters by necessity. Now, it is fitting that we relate the life we have recalled to the purpose of our discourse, thereby offering insights into a virtuous life based on prior teachings.

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Let us then return to the outset of Moses' story.

While those who present the entirety of Moses' life as a blueprint of virtue do not require extensive commentary, he who strives for a higher existence will find this narrative a rich source of motivation for true nobility. Conversely, one who is fatigued in the pursuit of virtue will find no benefit in an abundance of written praise unless he discards that which, as previously stated, remains solid in our discourse: A life of perfection is such that no depiction of it hinders further excellence; rather, the ongoing growth in a life well-lived is the true path toward holiness. As we conclude the account of Moses' life, it is imperative to affirm the certainty of this standard of perfection. For he who, throughout his life, ascends ever higher, exhibits no reluctance to surpass even himself, so that his existence resembles an eagle soaring mightily above the fray, lost amidst the clouds and reaching into the ether of enlightenment.

Moses was born during a time when Hebrew births were deemed a crime by the Egyptians. The enforcers of the law sought to punish his existence; however, Moses defied this destructive decree, first preserved by his parents and later by those who enacted the laws. Those intended to end his life instead took greater care for his well-being and educated him in all wisdom. He transcended human accolades, elevating himself above royal favor, recognizing his higher calling not as a mere title but embracing the inherent dignity that comes from virtue alone. When he witnessed an Egyptian oppressing a fellow Hebrew, he took decisive action to rescue the oppressed, which symbolizes the internal struggle between the soul’s adversaries and allies.

Moses imparted profound lessons, fostering silence and enlightening minds with heavenly truths. He sought to share the blessings conferred upon him with his brethren. In doing so, he demonstrated remarkable strength amid the plagues that beset the oppressors while bringing deliverance to his own people. He led his congregation across the sea on foot, relying not on ships but on building faith among the Israelites for their journey. The ocean parted for the Hebrews, while it remained a barrier for the Egyptians. He celebrated a song of triumph and served as a guiding pillar, aglow with divine fire, deriving sustenance from heavenly provisions and quenching his thirst from a stone. He interceded in battle against the Amalekites, then ascended the mountain, hearkening to the sound of the divine trumpet, entering into profound darkness while approaching the nature of God, dwelling in the holy tabernacle, elevating the priestly lineage, organizing sacred structures, instituting laws to reform life, and ultimately excelling in warfare.

At the culmination of his earthly accomplishments, he exacted judgment for wickedness, as signified by the zealousness of Phinehas, who exhibited righteous anger against sin. In conclusion, he ascended the mountain of serenity, not returning to the depths of the earth, to which the gaze of the people below was directed, nor consuming earthly sustenance. Instead, he remained atop the mountain, like a master sculptor, transformed into a complete embodiment of life, carefully placing not just the finale of his work but the crowning touch upon it. For the account reveals, "And Moses the servant of the Lord died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord; Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died; but his sight was not dulled, neither was his strength in him exhausted." From this, we glean that for his multitude of virtues, he is honored with the lofty title of servant of God, which indicates his unparalleled perfection. No one can serve God without achieving the utmost excellence in life. The completion of a virtuous life, according to the divine command, culminated in Moses as well.

History refers to this conclusion as death, yet it is a life-giving death that does not result in burial, without a grave marker, devoid of shadowed sight, and unmarked by decay. Thus we learn from this account: let us strive toward the ultimate aim of life—to be recognized as a servant of God for our deeds. When you overcome every foe—the Egyptian, the Amalekite, the Idumean, the Midianite—you will traverse the waters, bathed in light from the cloud, finding joy in the tree, drinking from the rock, and partaking in heavenly sustenance. With purity and innocence, you will ascend the mountain, where you will be welcomed into the Divine Sacrament amid the sounds of trumpets, drawing near to God in faith even in the obscurity beyond vision, becoming acquainted with the laws of the sacred tabernacle and the intricacies of the priesthood. When your heart becomes a living tablet for God's inscriptions, after vanquishing the idol of greed—when you strip away all that opposes your dignity, as Dathan was consumed by the earth and Korah by fire—then you will draw near to the end, the ultimate purpose for which all efforts are made. Just as the end of farming is the harvest, the aim of a home is habitation, the purpose of trade is wealth, and the end of ascetic endeavors is a reward, so too is the aim of a fruitful life to be recognized as a servant of God, which signifies a life free from the consequences of wickedness.

And so, as the account relates, his conclusion was more exalted than earthly existence; having ascended the mountain’s peak, he left behind no trace of earthly grief, no measure of mortal limitations, nor did the beauty of his visage wane, preserving an unchanged splendor amidst the variability of his nature.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

It is now the moment to uphold the virtue of Christ's purity. The scriptures tell us that Moses had a wife, and our Lord alongside the Apostle associates Moses with the Law: Moses and the prophets (Luke 16:29). Death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the same manner as Adam (Romans 5:14), leaving no doubt that Moses indeed represents the Law in both references. Therefore, if we consider that Moses, or the Law, had a wife, let me see evidence that Joshua had either a wife or offspring; if you can substantiate this, I will accept defeat.

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Moreover, when the land was divided among the Israelites, he occupied a truly distinguished territory, and did not die at the age of twenty, a number which holds unwelcome connotations in scripture, associated with Jacob’s enslavement and Joseph’s sale. Esau, who is fond of this number, received some gifts related to it; however, Joshua was associated with the more favorable number ten, which we have often praised, and he was interred in Thamnath-sar, a representation of perfect leadership. This aligns with the notion of the new covering, symbolizing the great throngs of virgins protected by the Savior on Mount Ephraim, the fertile mountain shielded from the northern winds of Mount Gaas, which signifies movement. Mount Zion is the pinnacle from the north, continually resisting evil, and after enduring every trial, declares, My feet in little shall not move (Psalms 72:2).

Following the burial of Jesus, the writing associated with Him concludes, yet in the book of Judges, He is depicted as alive and resurrected, with a brief account of His deeds suggesting: ‘Jesus let the people go, and the children of Israel departed, each to his own inheritance, to possess the land,’ and “the people served the Lord all the days of Jesus,” etc. Further, it is noted that Jesus, son of Naveen, passed away at one hundred and ten years of age.

Additionally, Moses was only permitted to view the promised land and did not enter it; he died in the land of Moab. The Lord buried him in a valley of Moab near the house of Phogor, and to this day, the exact location of his grave remains unknown. When we juxtapose the burials of Moses and Jesus, we see that Moses died in Moab, whereas Jesus died in the land of the Jews. Moses was interred in a valley near the house of Phogor, which means reproach, for Phogor is equivalent to Priapus in Hebrew. In contrast, Jesus was laid to rest on Mount Ephraim, located north of Mount Gaas. The sacred texts consistently offer layered meanings, revealing deeper truths.

Among the Jews, childbearing was considered a great blessing – as stated, ‘cursed is the barren woman who has no seed in Israel, and blessed is she whose offspring is in Zion and whose relatives are in Jerusalem’ – and this blessing is epitomized in the saying, ‘Thy wife is as a fruitful vine in the heart of thy house; thy sons are as young plants of oil around thy table’ (Psalms 127:3). Thus, Moses’ coffin bears the implication of being placed in a valley near the house of idol worship, dedicated to sensual indulgence.

We, who toil under Christ’s guidance, remain unaware of Moses' burial site even to this day, as we dismiss Phogor and all his disgrace, recognizing that those in the flesh cannot please God. For the Lord declared even before the flood: My Spirit will not abide in these men, for they are flesh (Genesis 6:3). Consequently, while Moses was deeply mourned by the Israelites at his passing, Jesus—having life—was not mourned: for while marriage concludes with death, virginity receives its eternal reward beyond death.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

It is not written about him, as is customary for others, that he found rest in death; instead, it is noted that Moses died in accordance with the command of God (Deuteronomy 34:5). This is because God does not experience diminishment or weakness, nor does He gain anything. Furthermore, the Scripture indicates that no one has knowledge of his burial to this day (Deuteronomy 34:6). Hence, one should perceive his death as a transformation rather than destruction, for death signifies the separation of soul from body.

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The Scripture states that he died in accordance with the command of God, and not merely ‘according to the word,' suggesting it should not be interpreted as simply news of his passing, but as a revelation of divine grace; he was indeed elevated rather than abandoned, and his burial remains unknown. Who among us could have witnessed on earth the earthly remains of someone whom the Son of God presented alongside Himself in the Gospel? In addition, Elijah was witnessed being taken up by a chariot, yet we find no mention that he was buried or died; for he who remains with the Son of God endures forever. In contrast, regarding Moses, we see that he did die, yet his death was in accordance with the command of God, through whom all creation came into being. By the word of God the heavens were formed (Psalm 32:6), and therefore creation was established firmly, not in decline. Consequently, Moses did not experience bodily corruption; rather, when he returned to the earth, it was the heavenly Word that provided rest for his flesh, and not the grave itself.

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